Psychese yaumunthu ndi yodabwitsa m'chilengedwe. Kodi schizophrenia - matenda kapena malingaliro osiyana a kunja kwa dziko, osiyana ndi kuganiza, malingaliro a anthu ambiri - palibe mgwirizano pakati pa aumulungu. Chiwerengero cha chisokonezo pakati pa anthu, mosasamala kanthu za chikhalidwe, chilengedwe, nthawizonse chimachitika - 1%.
Schizophrenia - ndi chiyani?
M'masulidwe kuchokera ku kalembedwe ka Chigiriki schizophrenia tanthauzo ndi shiso - kupatukana, frenio ndi moyo. Schizophrenia ndi matenda a maganizo omwe amadziwika ndi kutayika kwa mgwirizano wa malingaliro (kuganiza, kumverera, kulingalira) ndi umunthu wawo wotsutsa komanso wosakhalitsa / wofulumira. Matenda a maganizo m'matendawa amasonyezedwa mu kusokonezeka maganizo, kudziwitsidwa. Kutulukira kwa schizophrenia mu maiko onse a ICD-10 ali ndi code F 20.
Schizophrenia - zimayambitsa
Zizindikiro zosiyana za matendawa sizipereka yankho losavuta ku funso la chiyambi cha matendawa. Akatswiri, zomwe zimayambitsa schizophrenia, zimakhazikitsidwa mwazigawo zitatu:
- Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda: Zomwe zimayambitsa mabadwa, zomwe amayi amagwiritsa ntchito panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati pa zinthu zakuthupi, kupatsirana pa nthawi ya mimba, matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (herpes, rubella, toxoplasmosis), chidziwitso chokhachokha, serotonin yopatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito "hormone of happiness" serotonin.
- Maganizo amalingaliro : Maganizo achikale amakhala okhutira ndipo amawonetsedwa mwachindunji cha ziweruzo, "mauthenga awiri" - "osamanama!", Ngakhale makolo omwe nthawi zonse amanyenga, "Ndimakukondani kwambiri" - mwanayo amamva "ozizira" pamutu. Mauthenga osayenerera amachititsa mavuto aakulu: lingaliro la existential - dziko la mkati la munthu ndilokhakwanira kwa iye, zitsanzo zina za malingaliro a dziko zakanidwa.
- Zomwe anthu amakhala nazo : m'mizinda chiwerengero cha schizophrenia n'chokwanira kusiyana ndi midzi, nkhanza m'banja; kukanika maganizo, kukhumudwa kwambiri .
Kodi schizophrenia amachotsedwa?
Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo kunalibe luso lachibadwa, anthu adayesa kukhala kutali ndi mabanja omwe anali achibale "openga" - ichi chinali chizindikiro cha uchimo. Masiku ano, achinyamata omwe ali okhudzana kwambiri ndi maubwenzi amayesetsa kufufuza abambo awo asanakwatirane, komabe zimachitika pamene mayi ali ndi mimba, ngati pali mwayi woti schizophrenia adzalandira mwanayo, pakadali kofunikira Kukambirana kwa chibadwa. Ziwerengero za padziko lonse zimapereka kuchuluka kwa matenda:
- schizophrenia amavutika ndi amayi, abambo, agogo, agogo - 46%;
- mapasa ofanana - mpaka 50%, mapasa a raznoyaytsevye (ngati mmodzi wa makolo akudwala) - 18%;
- odwala kwa membala mmodzi wa banja la mibadwo iwiri - 12%;
- achibale - 6%;
- amakhumudwitsidwa m'modzi mwa makolo, kapena agogo, agogo aakazi - 5%;
- azibale ake - 2%;
- popanda "chilembo" cholowa - 1%.
Zizindikiro za Schizophrenia
Kodi schizophrenia ndi chiwonetsero chotani ndi momwe mungaganize kuti ndi matenda. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za schizophrenia zimapezeka nthawi zambiri kuyambira zaka 14 mpaka 25, koma zimatha kudziwonetsera okha ali aang'ono komanso zaka zowonjezera. Achipatala amafotokoza zizindikiro zoyenera zomwe:
- kudzipatula (kuchoka muzochitikira zanu);
- kusamvana kwa malingaliro - "chikondi / chidani";
- kuchepa kwa chifuniro cha "chitsiru chosauka" - munthu popanda chifukwa amakana kupita ku sukulu, ntchito, kutaya chidwi pa chirichonse chimene ankakonda kukonda;
- Kulephera kuchitapo kanthu - kusayenerera mosagwirizana ndi zochitikazo: kuseka, kuphunzira za zochitika zomvetsa chisoni ndikulira poyankha osangalala;
- Kusokonezeka maganizo - mantha, mantha osagwedezeka.
Zizindikiro za schizophrenia kwa amai - khalidwe
Chiyambi cha matendawa mwa amayi chimafika zaka zapakati pa 20 mpaka 25, chingayambitse zifukwa zosiyanasiyana: kupsinjika kwa nthawi yaitali, malingaliro a ubongo, schizoid khalidwe lachangu, kupweteka kwa postpartum . Zizindikiro za schizophrenia kwa akazi:
- khalidwe - pali miyambo yopanda pake. Pali vuto, kukwiya, kukwiya
- mantha oopsa ndi kukayikira, kutulukira zizindikiro za matenda omwe palibe;
- zosangalatsa;
- malingaliro osauka nkhope, chithunzi cha monotone chingwe cha mawu;
- pogwiritsa ntchito mawu achinyengo;
- chisokonezo;
- maonekedwe osasangalatsa: amavala zovala zomwezo, amalephera kusunga ukhondo, samatsuka tsitsi lake;
- amanyalanyaza ntchito zake zokhudza ana, mwamuna wake.
Zizindikiro za schizophrenia mwa amuna - khalidwe
Bell loyamba lachisokonezo la matendawa limapezeka mwa amuna omwe ali okalamba kuposa akazi, ali ndi zaka 18 mpaka 29. Zizindikiro za schizophrenia kwa amuna ndizofanana, koma ndi zosiyana pa matendawa:
- autistic ndi introverted zimatchulidwa;
- magawo okhudzidwa a matendawa amakhala motalika;
- kutchulidwa resonance (wisecracking);
- pafupifupi sangakhoze kuchiritsidwa.
Mitundu ya schizophrenia
Kodi schizophrenia ndi chikhalidwe chiti? Chithunzi chodetsa nkhawa cha matendawa chimadalira mtundu wa matenda. Achipatala anafotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamagulu ndi ma subspecies. Mitundu yachikale ya schizophrenia. Schizophrenia yosavuta ndi mawonekedwe opitirira (pang'onopang'ono):
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- hypovolemia;
- zoipa;
- chiwonetsero;
- kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro;
- autism.
Nyukiliya yomwe ilipo pang'onopang'ono ya schizophrenia (mofulumira, dementia yoyambirira):
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- malingaliro osavuta;
- miseche ndi "zizindikiro zosazolowereka" ("samawona mbali ya ubongo").
Paranoid schizophrenia (hallucinatory-paranoid):
- Zoona ndi zowonongeka pamayambiriro a matendawa;
- malingaliro olakwika (chilakolako cha nsanje, kuzunzidwa);
- kukonda autism;
- mantha opanda nzeru;
- mawu omveka bwino monga mawonekedwe / zokambirana;
- mu njira yoipa (pachiyambi muunyamata) delirium imakhala yosangalatsa (kubodza kubodza thupi).
Sachizophrenia ya catatonic ili ndi magawo awiri:
- Kuthamanga kwa catatonic - kuzizira pamtundu wina, kuthamangitsidwa. Ngati mutu wa munthu ukukwera pamwamba pa mtsamiro, akhoza kusunga malowa kwa nthawi yaitali. Wodwala amakhala nthawi yaitali akuyang'anitsitsa panthawi inayake, poganiza amajambula zithunzi, kumene iye ali wolimba mtima.
- Chisangalalo cha katatoni (magalimoto, mawu). Odwala ali aukali, mwadzidzidzi akudumphira mmwamba ndi kuthamanga. Zozizwitsa zosangalatsa kwambiri.
Gebefrenic schizophrenia (poyamba paunyamata):
- kupusa ndi kuseka kopanda pake;
- khalidwe lachibwana;
- kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro zoipa;
- kugawanika kwadzidzidzi kwa umunthu ndi chisokonezo cha kuganiza.
Matenda a schizophrenia ( schizotypal disorder ) omwe sagwirizana ndi matendawa sali m'gulu, koma akupitiriza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amishonale a ku Russia, matendawa ndi ovuta chifukwa chakuti palibe zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo. Kodi chiwopsezo cha schizophrenia ndi chiyani:
- chisokonezo;
- kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mwa kavalidwe, kulankhula mwakachetechete;
- "Zamatsenga" malingaliro a dziko;
- kusintha kwa kulingalira kuli kochepa.
Shuboobraznaya schizophrenia (paroxysmal-mapentient form) - ali ndi mitundu itatu ya matendawa ndi zizindikilo zizindikiro:
- Zovuta - pachiyambi (zaka 10-12). Mitsempha ya m'maganizo pasanathe chaka, kutseka sikung'ono, kenaka kumatayika. Kusowa kwa maganizo kumapitirirabe.
- Fomu yowonongeka ndi kumizidwa pang'ono mwa umunthu mwayekha. Malingaliro a paranoid: anthu amayamba kuyambitsa kukayikira. Deliriamu wa kuzunzidwa.
- Ndemanga yowoneka ngati schizophrenia - yofanana ndiulesi. Zizindikiro: mania, zida zowawa .
Kodi schizophrenia amachitidwa kapena ayi?
Kutulukira kwa "schizophrenia" kumapangidwa pambuyo pofufuza mosamalitsa, kuyang'anitsitsa wodwalayo. Matenda mpaka mapeto si ochiritsidwa, 20-25% ali olumala, ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya ziphuphu, 80% ya milandu ndiwowonjezereka kukhululukidwa, moyo wamba mdziko. Njira yosavuta ya schizophrenia imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuchiza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maphunziro, lero ndizosowa.
Kuchiza kwa schizophrenia
Mmene angachiritse matenda a schizophrenia, amishonale amafunsidwa funso ili nthawi iliyonse ya matendawa. Kupambana kwa chithandizo kumadalira zigawo zingapo:
- mankhwala;
- normalization ya metabolism mu ubongo m'mimba (ECT, insulin-shock therapy);
- psychotherapy (payekha, magawo a gulu, chidziwitso-chithandizo cha khalidwe);
- kupewa - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumathandiza kupewa kubwerera;
- thandizo la achibale.
Anthu, akumana ndi matenda mwa achibale awo, akudabwa momwe angakhalire ndi wodwala schizophrenic, madokotala amalangiza:
- Kupereka zinthu zabwino, zotetezeka.
- Kulandira ndi kumvetsa.
- Kuletsa kutsata mankhwala.
Kukonzekera kuchiza schizophrenia
Matenda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo amaphatikizapo jekeseni ndi mapiritsi a schizophrenia. Malingana ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro, perekani magulu a mankhwala.
- Neuroleptics : sedatives - aminazine, clozapine; antipsychotic - tryptazine, haloperidol, parnasan.
- Kutchuka - fenazepam, bromazepam, diazepam.
- Kugonjetsa - pirlindol, amitriptyline.
Kuchiza kwa schizophrenia ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Mankhwala ovomerezeka monga mankhwala a schizophrenia sadziŵika, wodwalayo amangowonjezera chikhalidwe chake, koma mankhwala a zitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera pa mankhwala:
- Kusamba ndi Kuwonjezera kwa masamba a aspen - kumakhudza;
- msuzi chamomile - bwino kugona;
- Mitsempha yamapiko, lavender yosakanizidwa mumtsamiro amachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino.
Chakudya cha schizophrenia
Kudya mu schizophrenia ndi chakudya chokwanira ndipo chiyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zofunika. Mndandanda wa zizindikiro za mankhwala a "antischizophrenic diet":
- nsomba zonenepa;
- nyama yowonda;
- Zakudya zopangira mavitamini a gulu B (zokolola zambewu zonse, mkate wa bran);
- Zamagetsi "Opanikizika": nthochi, amondi, strawberries, uchi.
- zipatso zachilengedwe ndi ndiwo zamasamba.