Pakati pa matenda osiyanasiyana a maganizo, pali chiwerengero chowonjezereka cha matenda, monga alexithymia. Masiku ano, zizindikiro zake zimapezeka mwa anthu ambiri - kuyambira 5 mpaka 25% mwa anthu onse. Detayi imasiyana kwambiri, popeza liwu limatanthawuza zosiyana za maganizo ndi zopotoka pamlingo.
Kodi alexithymia ndi chiyani?
Alexithymia si matenda a m'maganizo, koma amagwira ntchito yokhudzana ndi dongosolo la manjenje, lomwe likuwonetsedwa kuti silingathe kufotokozera malingaliro anu m'mawu. M'chi Greek, mawuwo akhoza kumasuliridwa ngati "opanda mawu a kumverera." Anthu omwe ali ndi kupotoka kumeneku ali ndi zovuta pofotokozera ndi kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi malingaliro awo, choyamba, amaganizira zochitika zakunja, zomwe zimaphwanya zochitika zamkati.
Alexithymia mu Psychology
Alexitimia mu psychology ndi kuphwanya maganizo a munthu, koma osati matenda. Kusiyanitsa sikugwirizana ndi malingaliro a munthu payekha, sizimakhudzidwa, ndipo zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko n'zovuta kuzindikira. Psychology imaona kuti zovuta za alexithymia ndizoopsa kwa matenda a maganizo. Mawuwa anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri. Poyang'ana odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losokonezeka maganizo , psychoanalyst Peter Sifneos adapeza kuti sangakwanitse kupereka mawonekedwe awo. Kukula kwa matendawa kungakhale kosiyana.
Alexithymia - zifukwa
Monga vuto lililonse la maganizo, alexithymia ya munthuyo ali ndi magwero apamwamba, omwe amachititsa matenda. Pewani mitundu iwiriyi - yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, ndiko kuti, munthu wokhazikika katundu kapena kapangidwe kamodzi kwa vutoli. Pachiyambi choyamba, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo, kuchotseratu zofuna zapakati pa ziwalo za ubongo. Matenda achiwiri amaphatikizanso zifukwa zomveka: autism, nkhawa, mantha, makhalidwe a maubwenzi m'banja ndi kulera.
Alexitimia - zizindikiro
Kukhalapo kwa matenda kumasonyeza kuti munthuyo akuyang'ana pa zochitika zamanjenje ndipo watsekedwa ku chidziwitso chatsopano. Anthu omwe akuvutika ndi "kusakhoza kufotokoza maganizo" amakhala ovuta kuposa ena kuti azivutika ndi matenda monga mtima, kupwetekedwa mtima kwa mphumu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda a anorexia, etc. Zizindikiro zazikulu za alexithymia ndi:
- kusakwanitsa kufotokozera masewera achidziwitso komanso kumvetsa mmene interlocutor amamvera;
- kulowetsa malingaliro ndi zochita muzochitika zambiri za moyo;
- kusakhoza kusiyanitsa maganizo kuchokera ku zowawa zakuthupi;
- kunyalanyaza chidziwitso kapena kusakhala kwathunthu;
- maloto osadziwika kapena osadzimva (anthu omwe amachita nawo ntchito tsiku lililonse);
- malingaliro osawerengeka, kupanga ntchito yopanga zosatheka;
- kudzipereka, kufotokoza momveka bwino, kulingalira bwino.
Kodi mungayankhule bwanji ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi alexithymia?
Wina akhoza kuganiza kuti alexithymia ndi matenda omwe samasokoneza moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kwenikweni, kulephera kufotokoza ndikudziwika bwino kumachepetsa kwambiri kuyankhulana. Ndipo kukula kwa matenda achiwiri kumapangitsa chithandizo cha matenda kukhala chofunikira. Tsekani anthu ayenera kukhala ndi chipiriro kuti akakamize woganiza bwino kuti apeze thandizo kwa psychoanalyst. Musamapanikize munthu yemwe ali "wakhungu m'maganizo", wokwiya naye. Kuvutika ndi matendawa kumathandiza "kutentha kwapanyumba": chikondi, chikondi, zabwino, kumvetsa.
Alexitimia mu ntchito za kulenga
Umunthu wa Alexitemi uli ndi lingaliro lochepa kwambiri, silingathe kumvetsetsa kumverera kwake ndi kuyankha kumverera kwa ena. Mu moyo wa alexithymic, palibe chisangalalo ndi chikhumbo cha chinachake chatsopano. Iwo ndi achangu kwambiri ndipo samadziwa momwe angayankhulire okha. Chifukwa chake, zokonda zapamwamba za anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa zimatsutsana komanso zosatheka. Koma kulenga kumathandiza kuthana ndi matendawa, mwachitsanzo, chithandizo chamakono chimalimbikitsa kukula kwa malingaliro .
Alexitimia - njira zothandizira
Alexithymia ya congenital ndi yovuta kuchiritsa, koma ndi zinthu zomwe zimapezeka bwino. Zotsatira zimabweretsa matenda a maganizo: njira monga hypnosis, lingaliro, psychodynamic ndi gestalt mankhwala. Iwo cholinga chake chothandiza wodwalayo kunena momwe akumvera. Nthawi zina mankhwala amafunika - ntchito zamtendere kuti asokoneze mantha, kuthetsa nkhawa, nkhawa, nkhawa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti polimbana ndi matenda alexithymia, chithandizo chingakhale chotalika.
Alexitimics ayenera kuthandizira kuthetsa zizindikiro za matenda awo. Kawirikawiri, opatsirana maganizo amapatsa odwala awo ntchito yopita kuntchito pakukula kwa malingaliro ndi kuzindikira: kusunga diary, kuwerenga fano, kuchita zojambula - kujambula, nyimbo, kuvina, ndi zina zotero. Anthu amaphunzira kulemba malingaliro awo ndi maganizo awo, osati kuwopa iwo komanso kuwaletsa. Ndizothandiza kukhazikitsa njira zosiyana, kuti musamangidwe pa vuto lanu.
Kulephera kufotokoza malingaliro ndi khalidwe losasangalatsa, koma ndi lingaliro limodzi lokha ndilofunika kwambiri kukonza ngati likuwoneka mosavuta. Ndikofunika kuti musayambe chitukuko cha matenda, kotero kuti sichimayambitsa matenda aakulu. Matenda a maganizo omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha matenda, ndi matenda a psychopathological (kupanikizika, nkhawa, etc.) ayenera kuchotsedwa msanga.