Chiwalo chaching'ono cholemera ndi kukula kwa magalamu 13, adrenal gland, chimatanthawuza matenda a mkati mwachinsinsi. Zilondazi zimapezeka, motero, pa impso zolondola ndi zamzere. Othandizirawa "othandizira" osasinthika amakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa kayendedwe kake ka dongosolo la mitsempha ndi thanzi la thupi lonse.
Malo a adrenal cortex ndi mahomoni awo
Poyamba, chiwalo ichi chimakhala ndi zigawo ziŵiri (ubongo ndi cortical substance), zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha. Mahomoni a adrenal cortex ndi zotsatira zake pa kusintha kwa ziwalo ndi zovuta zowonongeka, kuyendetsa ziwalo zake zogonana sizingatheke kuchepetsedwa. Kulephera kapena kuchuluka kwa chinsinsi chobisika kumakhala koopsya ku thanzi komanso moyo wa munthu. Adrenal cortex imagawidwa m'madera atatu:
- mesh;
- fani;
- glomerular.
Mahomoni a matope a adrenal cortex
Webusaitiyi imakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake ngati mawonekedwe a porous mesh omwe amapangidwa ndi ma filaments a epithelial minofu. Mahomoni aakulu a reticulum ya adrenal gland ndi androstenedione, yomwe imagwirizana ndi testosterone ndi estrogen. Mwa chikhalidwe chake, ndi ofooka kwambiri kuposa testosterone ndipo ndi chinsinsi chachikulu chachimuna mu thupi lachikazi. Kuchokera pa digiri yake kumadalira mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha makhalidwe achiwiri ogonana. Kuchepetsa kapena kuwonjezeka kwa androstenedione mu thupi lachikazi kumabweretsa kuwonetsa matenda angapo ochizira:
- kutayika kwa ziwalo zoberekera;
- Kuwonetseratu maonekedwe a amuna (kuwonjezeka tsitsi, kuchepa kwa mawu);
- mavuto okhudzidwa ndi kugonana.
Mofananamo ndi zotsatira zake za dehydroepiandrosterone, yomwe imapanga chivundikiro chapansi, imatenga mbali yogwira mapuloteni. Ndi chithandizo chake, othamanga amachulukitsa mphamvu ya minofu.
Mahomoni a malo okwera a adrenal cortex
Mahomoni a adrenal cortex ya chilengedwe cha steroid amapangidwa ndi dera lozungulira la chiwalo ichi. Izi zikuphatikizapo cortisone ndi cortisol . Mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri njira zamagetsi:
- onetsani mapangidwe a shuga;
- kuthandizira pakugawaniza mafuta, mapuloteni;
- kuchepetsa kupweteka ndi kusintha kwachinyengo;
- onetsani chidwi chodziwika bwino pachitidwe wamanjenje;
- kuwonjezera chapamimba acidity;
- sungani madzi amadzimadzi;
- Kuletsa chitetezo chokhudzana ndi thupi (kutenga mimba);
- konza kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kuonjezera kukana kupsinjika ndi mikhalidwe yoopsya.
Mahomoni a glomerular zone ya adrenal cortex - ntchito zawo
Adrenal cortex imapanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa kuti madzi a electrolyte akhale oyenera. Amadziwika kuti mineralocorticoids ndipo amapangidwa m'madera a glomerular. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'gululi ndi aldosterone, chomwe chimathandiza kuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa madzi ndi sodium kuchokera ku zikhomo ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wa potaziyamu mu impso, zomwe zimachepetsa chiŵerengero cha mcherewu. Mbali yaikulu ya aldosterone ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro za chitukuko cha kuwonjezereka kwa magazi.
Mahomoni a adrenal cortex - mayesero
Kuti adziwe matenda kapena matenda osokoneza bongo a endocrine, njira zamagetsi ndi zamanjenje, madokotala amapereka mayesero a biolevel mu magazi a mahomoni a adrenal cortex. Kuyezetsa maulendo kumathandiza kudziwa zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwira mu ziwalo zogwirira ntchito pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- mtima;
- boma lachisoni;
- khalidwe lopanikizika pambuyo;
- zovuta kugona ndi kufooka kwamuyaya;
- kusintha kwa mlingo wa shuga;
- chiwonongeko chowawa;
- zizindikiro za kukalamba msanga;
- oncology.
Kuchepetsa kuchepetsedwa kwa mahomoni mu adrenal cortex nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi chifuwa cha matenda osiyana siyana a etiology ndi matenda a khungu. Ndi chizoloŵezi cha thupi lachikazi kuti chichotse msanga mimba, phunziro likuchitidwa pa mlingo wa dehydroepiandrosterone. Kuwonjezeka kapena kuchepa kwa cortisol ndi aldosterone ndi chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kungapangidwe kokha ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino matenda a sayansi. Sizingakhale zopanda nzeru kukaonana ndi azimayi.
Malamulo oyambirira a kafukufuku:
- Mpanda wa magazi owopsa m'magazi umatha m'mawa.
- Zaletsedwa kudya ndi kumwa musanayambe ndondomekoyi.
Ulamuliro wa kapangidwe ka mahomoni a adrenal cortex
Kukula kwa nambala yambiri ya steroid imayang'aniridwa ndi chigoba cha pituitary ndi hypothalamus. Adrenocorticotropic hormone imayambitsa mapangidwe a mahomoni ndi adrenal cortex. Kuchuluka kwa glucocorticoids kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa ACTH ndi hypothalamus. Mu mankhwala, ndondomekoyi imatchedwa "ndemanga." Mahomoni ogonana a adrenal cortex (androgens) amapangidwa ndi mphamvu ya ACTH ndi LH (luteinizing hormone). Kuchepetsa chinsinsi kumabweretsa kuchedwa kwa chitukuko cha kugonana. Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a m'thupi kumadalira mwachindunji ntchito yokonzedwa bwino:
- chithumwa;
- hypothalamus;
- chigoba cha organocrine.
Kukonzekera kwa mahomoni a adrenal cortex
Matenda ena omwe amatha kupweteka sangathe kuchiritsidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuwonetsetsa kuti iwo ali ndi udindo waukulu pochiza matenda a rheumatic, chiwopsezo ndi matenda opatsirana. Hormone yamakono ya adrenal cortex ndi chitsanzo cha zinthu zakuthupi ndipo imayikidwa pazinthu zingapo monga mankhwala othandizira kapena ngati mankhwala odana ndi zotupa.
Wotchuka kwambiri mu mankhwala ndi mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Prednisolone ;
- Hydrocortisone;
- Dexamethasone;
- Cortisone;
- Methylprednisolone;
- Deoxy cortex.
Makampani opanga mankhwala amachititsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yayitali ndi osowa kwambiri ndipo pokhapokha ngati ali ndi zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa "matenda ochotsera" ndipo amatulutsa zotsatira. Kuloledwa kwa mankhwala oterowo kumafuna kuyendetsa mosamalitsa akatswiri ochepa.