Kulima adyo kumunda ndi chinthu chofala kwa wamaluwa. Chikhalidwe chodetsedwa cha masamba ndi chofunika pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, chimagwiritsidwa bwino pophika ndi kuphika. Garlic ali ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo, ma microelements, mafuta ofunikira, omwe amachititsa kuti amve kukoma kwake.
Pali adyo osiyanasiyana pamalo otseguka
Njira za kulima ndi nthawi yobzala zimatipangitsa ife kugawa mitundu ya adyo m'magulu awiri-
- nyengo yozizira;
- nyengo.
Zima mitundu imabzalidwa mwezi usanakhale isanayambike ozizira nyengo, kukhala ndi mitu ikuluikulu, yochepa masamu, moyo wakucha, yakucha. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yozizira ndi iyi:
- Dzino lochepa. Mitu yayikulu, kukolola kolemera.
- Alkor. Kutalika kwa babu ndi pinki ndi zofiirira mamba.
- Lyubasha. Pamwamba nsonga ndi zazikulu zowonjezera mababu.
- Herman. Long shelf moyo, mwapakati mitu.
- Wachiritsi. Chabwino imalekerera kayendetsedwe kaulendo, siwombera, mitu ikuphatikizapo 16 mankhwala.
Mitundu yamasika imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa mivi, nthawi yobzala, kukula kwa mitu ndi nthawi yosungirako. Bzalani kasupe adyo masika, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, mbewu imakololedwa mtsogolo. Poyerekeza ndi mbewu za dzinja, mitundu yamasika imakhala ndi mitu yaing'ono yomwe ingasungidwe nyengo yonse yozizira ndi yamasika. Wotchuka pakati pa alimi a galimoto kumapeto kwa kasupe mitundu yambiri ya adyo:
- Moscow. Mosiyana ndi anzawo omwe ali ndi mitu yoyera yoyera.
- Gulliver. Ali ndi mitu yowonongeka, yomwe ingasungidwe kwa miyezi pafupifupi 8.
- Victorio. Pakatikati mwa kukula, kuzungulira, mitu yoyera ili ndi mano a chikasu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kudzala adyo pamalo otseguka
Kulima adyo ku mbewu sizingatheke, chifukwa masamba amapatsa yekha zomera - mano kapena mababu a mpweya. Zomalizazo ndizo mitu yaing'ono, yomwe imakula pamtsinje. Mano ndi mababu angakhale chinthu chodzala chomwe chimakonzeratu kukonzekera, kubzala nthawi ndi kuzungulira. Kukolola koyamba kwa mababu ndi mitu mu dzino limodzi, lofunikila kuti mutenge kubzala.
Momwe mungabzalitsire adyo kumtunda?
Kulima bwino adyo kumatanthawuza kusanaphunzire ndikutsatiridwa ndi teknoloji. Cholinga chachikulu cha mlimi ndi kusankha malo. Pakuti adyo ndi yabwino:
- gawo la dzuwa;
- nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi zowonongeka;
- kulima ndiwo zamasamba m'munda, kumene nyemba, mbatata, kabichi zinakula;
- zabwino oyandikana adyo adzakhala strawberries, strawberries, currants, gooseberries.
Ntchito yoyamba pa webusaitiyi iyenera kuchitika pasadakhale:
- M'dzinja iyenera kukumbidwa ndi kuphimbidwa ;
- Mu kasupe (kwa kasupe mitundu), masabata awiri musanadzalemo, bedi liyenera kubwezeretsedwa ndi kuberekedwa - humus, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu mchere;
- nthaka yowonjezereka iyenera kusinthidwa (laimu, ufa wa dolomite).
Kulima adyo pamalo otseguka kudzapereka zotsatira zoyenera, ngati zokololazo zinali zapamwamba ndi zokonzeka:
- Kwa kubzala kusankha mitu yabwino, popanda zizindikiro za matenda;
- mano amalekanitsidwa mwamsanga musanabzala, ndiye ammwamba amachotsedwa;
- Pofuna kuteteza matenda a fungal, mankhwalawa amathiridwa mu njira ya "Phytosporin" kapena manganese - kusankha.
Kodi kudzala adyo pamalo otseguka?
Nthaŵi yobzala adyo imatsimikiziridwa ndi zosiyanasiyana:
- Ndikofunika kuika nyengo yachisanu mu mwezi usanayambe kusamba kwa nyengo yozizira. Panthawi imeneyi mano adzayamba mizu, ndipo zobiriwira sizidzakhala ndi nthawi yokula.
- Kufika kwa kasupe adyo panja nthaka ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe (pakuti ntchito sangakhoze kuyembekezera kutentha kwathunthu dothi).
- Mababu a mazira a nyengo yozizira amabzalidwa, monga mano.
Kulima adyo m'dzikolo - ndondomeko yoyendetsa nthaka
Njira yamakono yokula adyo imapanga ndondomeko yoyenera yobzala ya mitundu yonse:
- pakati pa mizere - 20-25 masentimita;
- mano amakhala pamtunda wa masentimita 8-10;
- kuya kwa dzino lililonse ndi masentimita 5;
- mutabzala bedi lidakhululukidwa ndi mulched;
- ikabzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira - munda uli ndi nthambi kapena masamba ogwa.
Kusamalira adyo pamalo otseguka
Kulima ndi kusamalira adyo pang'onopang'ono nthaka yafupika kuti ikhale nthawi yake feteleza, kumasula nthaka ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse. Mukhoza kuyamba kumasula nthaka m'mipata yowoneka pambuyo pa masamba 2-3, kenako ndondomeko imabwerezedwa pambuyo pa kuthirira. M'chaka, masamba azitsamba amafunika kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, mwinamwake sikoyenera kuwerengera mbewu zabwino. Mufunika adyolo komanso kuvala pamwamba - nayitrogeni panthawi yoyamba, ndi phosphoric-potashi nthawi yakucha.
Kodi ndi bwino bwanji kumwa madzi adyo pamalo otseguka?
Kupanda chinyezi - ndizoopsa kwa adyo, m'mikhalidwe yotereyi mitu imapangidwira bwino ndipo imasiya nthawi zonse kukula. Choncho, funso la momwe mungamwetsere adyo kumunda limafunikanso kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane. Mu kasupe, pamene mano ayamba kupereka mphukira zoyamba za mmera, mutha kumwa madzi. Ngati kulibe mvula, m'pofunikira kuti mutenge nthaka mochuluka kamodzi pa sabata (pamtunda wa lita 10 pa munthu aliyense). M'nyengo yotentha, monga masamba akucha, kuthirira kuchepa ndipo masiku 14 asanakolole amaletsedwa.
Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa adyo pamalo otseguka
Kulima adyo kumatanthauza kuwonjezera chakudya. Ntchito yoyamba ya feteleza (humus) imagwera pamapepala a 2-3. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, masambawo amapangidwa ndi njira ya urea (pamtunda wa lita imodzi pa 10 malita a madzi). Patapita milungu iwiri, yankho la nitrofoss (supuni 2 pa madzi 10 malita) ndiwonjezeredwa. M'chilimwe, feteleza ndi feteleza za nayitrogeni ziyenera kuimitsidwa - mu June mbewuyo idzayankha bwino kuthirira ndi superphosphate yankho (2 supuni pa 10 malita a madzi).
Garlic - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga panthawi yolima
Masamba a chikasu a adyo akakula kunja ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda (ngati isanakhale nthawi yokolola). Matenda ambiri a masamba ndi tizirombo zake ndi awa:
- fusariosis;
- kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya;
- nkhungu yakuda;
- mapiko a anyezi;
- stem nematode.
Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal akhoza kukhala kudzera mwa mankhwala apadera (Bordeaux fluid, Fitosporin). Koma nthawi zonse fungicides amapereka zotsatira zoyenera, choncho ndikofunika kukonzekera, kukonza ndikusankha mbewu. Kulima adyo potsatira malamulo, kumatanthauza kulimbana ndi tizirombo. Masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mphutsi ndizowonekera momveka bwino za ntchito ya ntchentche yothamanga. Pochotseratu, mukhoza kupukuta mchere wobiriwira ndi saline.