Woimira banja la Gesnerian komanso mbadwa ya maiko otentha, epicion ali ndi ubwino uliwonse wa maluwa akunja panthawi imodzimodzi: kuphweka mu chisamaliro komanso kuthetsa kusungunuka kwa zobiriwira chaka chonse, komabe maluwa ochititsa chidwi ameneŵa.
Nkhani - kufotokoza
Chomeracho chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumphepete mwa Brazil, Colombia ndi Guinea. Kumalo amenewo, epic si maluwa amkati, amafalikira padziko lapansi monga mwa udzu, posankha malo amdima pansi pa mitengo. Masamba ake amadziwika: amaoneka ngati ataphimbidwa pansi, mtundu wawo uli wofiira kwambiri. Maluwa amafanana ndi ma gramophones ang'onoang'ono, pamtunda wa masambawo amawoneka okongola kwambiri. Malingana ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, chomeracho chimadzala ndi chikasu, lalanje, chofiira kapena pinki maluwa, pali mitundu ndi buluu ndi maluwa oyera.
Kunyumba, amalima a maluwa ankamvetsera za epicure chifukwa cha maluwa ake aatali komanso kukula kwa zobiriwira. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa autumn pawindo padzakhala chisokonezo cha mitundu. Mu mphika, mmera umayamba kukula, koma pakapita kanthawi umatsika pansi ndikusanduka chikhalidwe cha ampel. Pamene kukula ndi kupangidwe kwa mphukira zowonjezera zimapangitsa kuti phokoso likhale losakanikirana, lomwe limapangitsa chitsamba kukhala chodabwitsa ndi chodabwitsa.
Chigawo - Mitundu
Mitundu yonse ya zomera idabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku dziko lathu. Zonsezi zili ndi zizindikiro, aliyense ali ndi mphamvu zake:
- Chiwopsezo cha Epiphytic chimatchedwanso piabia. Mitundu imeneyi idabwera kuchokera ku Mexico, mukhoza kuphunzirira kuchokera kumapiritsi ang'onoting'ono komanso kusintha kwa mthunzi wobiriwira kuchokera ku kuwala kupita ku mdima. Imamera mtunduwu uli ndi maluwa oyera, mkati mwake iwo ali ndi madontho ofiira. Mitundu imeneyi inapereka mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera.
- Wokonda mthunzi ndi mtundu wa mkuwa wofiira. Iye amabwera kuchokera ku Colombia ndi Brazil. Chomerachi n'chochuluka kwambiri kuposa zamoyo zapitazo, timapepala timakhala ngati mitima. Maluwa amtundu wofiira, pa tsamba lofiira lamkati pakati pake pali mzere wobiriwira.
- Kuchokera ku Suriname ndi Guinea, tiri ndi mtundu wa epizooty. Ndibwino kwambiri kukula kwa ampel kuposa ena.
Chigawo - chisamaliro cha kunyumba
Mofanana ndi anthu onse ochokera m'mayiko otentha, kupweteka kwa maluwa ndi chinyezi komanso thermophilic, koma ndi zosavuta kuzisamalira. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokongoletsera zokongoletsera zamaluwa kapena kukulira ang'onoang'ono kukongoletsa greenhouses. Ngakhale kuyambira alimi a maluwa amakumana ngati akuphunzira kusunga mfundo zazikulu m'nthawi. Nzeru yaikulu yakukula ndiyo kusunga madzi ndi chinyezi.
Maluwa a malamulo - kuthirira
Kuthirira moyenera ndi mbali yofunikira ya chisamaliro. Kwa kanthawi, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chachepetsedwa kuti chikhalebe ndi nthaka:
- pamene chirichonse chiri maluwa, masiku atatu aliwonse mizu imafunikira gawo latsopano la chinyezi, pakati kuthirira ndizosatheka kuti nthaka iume bwino kwathunthu;
- pamene kuyang'ana mosamala kuti thiresiyo isadzaze ndi madzi owonjezera, chifukwa iyi ndi njira yowongoka mizu;
- nthawi zonse mudzaze madzi okwanira ndi ofunda ndi otentha madzi, matepi madzi ndi zosayenera;
- Pofika nyengo yotentha, chomeracho sichisowa madzi ochulukirapo, koma sichimasintha kuuma, kotero tikudikirira kuyanika kwazitali ndipo tsiku lotsatira tidzitsamba;
- Nthawi iliyonse madzi amatha kugwa panthaka, pamafunika mizu ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo amavulaza masamba a zomera.
Yambani kuti mupulumuke
Chomera nthawi zambiri chimatulutsa masharubu, omwe amachititsa kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino - iyenera kukhala yowala kwambiri, ngati siili bwino. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yonse ya chomera ichi imafuna mpweya mizu, motero, zotsatira izi zikuwonekera kunthaka:
- Choyambiriracho chiyenera kukhala ndi zowonjezera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimakhala zosavuta. Kufikira kwa oxygen ku mizu ndiko kudziŵika kwa maluwa ndi khalidwe la mtundu wobiriwira: mpweya wochuluka kwa mizu, gawo lalikulu la pamwamba.
- Madzi osadzika sikuti amachititsa kuti mizu iwonongeke, komanso zimalepheretsa mpweya wabwino kuyenda. Nthaka yovuta pothirira imachedwetsa madzi pakati pa particles, motero, maluwawo amangozizira.
- M'masitolo amagulitsa chomwe chimatchedwa nthaka yosavuta, nthaka ya violets iyenso ikuyandikira. Ngakhale bwino, ngati muwonjezera nkhuni ku nthaka yokonzeka, epic idzakuyamikirani.
Mtsinje
Mzu umasowa mphika woyenera pa mlingo womwewo monga kuthirira bwino. Kupanga malo opangira epicia kumamveka bwino pamphuno yozama komanso yaikulu, kumene mizu siidzakhala yakuya kwambiri. Mtundu uwu wa maluwawo umatchedwa mbale kapena mbale. Pamene kukula kukukula, chombocho chimasunthira ku malo osungidwa kuti mphukira ikhoze kumangoyima momasuka. Sizabwino kupereka malo a maluwa, kotero kuti sagwedezeka pa miphika ina: si vuto kuti muzuke pamphika woyandikana nawo.
Kusindikiza kwa epakati
Kusintha malo kwa chomera nthawi zonse kumakhala kovuta, ngakhale pamene kusuta kuli kofunika kwambiri kwa izo. Komabe, mphika watsopano ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka pa momwe mungasamalirire epic sikumalowa. Ndondomekoyi ili ndi zizindikiro zake komanso ndondomeko izi:
- Kwa chomera chachikulu, kufunika kokhala ndi maluwa atsopano kumapezeka zaka ziwiri zilizonse, nyama zinyama zimaikidwa chaka chilichonse. Nthaŵi yabwino ya ichi ndi masika.
- Mitundu yonse imakula mofulumira, choncho, chombo chilichonse chatsopano chiyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 4 kuposa kale, ndiye kuti mizu idzakhala ndi malo okwanira. Timakumbukira zomveka bwino za nthaka, ngalande yapamwamba . Mfundo yofunika: mbali zonse za mphika zisakhale zazikulu, chifukwa muyenera kupachika ampel. Poto lokha limatsuka ndi sopo ndi madzi ndi madzi owiritsa.
- Kwa theka la ora timathirira kapena timagwira mphika kuti tipeze maluwa. Mizu imamasulidwa ku dziko lakale.
- Kwa zomera zilizonse, ndi bwino kuyeretsa mizu yovunda ndi mpeni ndikupaka malasha osweka. Vuto ndiloti mizu yoonda ndi yofooka kwambiri, iyenera kukhala yolondola kwambiri.
- Ndiye inu mukhoza kuyika chomera pa ngalande yomwe inayikidwa, isanayambe kuwawaza ndi dziko lapansi. Anamwetsa mutabzala maluwa ambiri, kotero madzi adatsanulira mu dzenje lakuya. Patapita kanthawi, madzi amachotsedwa pamphuno.
- Timatumiza mphika ku penumbra kubwezeretsa mphamvu za zomera. Mu penumbra izo zimagwira pafupi sabata.
N'chifukwa chiyani maluwawo samasamba?
Kuphika kwa nyumba kulikonse, nthawi yamaluwa ndi ntchito yovuta, chifukwa si kosavuta kupanga mphukira ndikutsegulira popanda chisamaliro choyenera cha wolima. Kwa duwa la epicure, chisamaliro choterechi chimapangidwa bwino. Kulephera kwa kuwala kumabweretsa kusowa kwa masamba. Tsimikizirani malingaliro a wamaliseche yaitali omwe amapezeka ndi mapepala ang'onoang'ono. Nthawi zina popanda kudyetsa chomera sichifuna kutaya masamba. Nthawi yobzala imayenera kuchitidwa ndi feteleza mchere pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Chigawo - kubereka
Mitundu yonse imatha kuchulukitsidwa bwino ndi njira zitatu zamagulu: mbewu, cuttings ndi tsamba lolekana. Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire zochitika pakhomo pakhomo, nkofunika kuchita zonse mosamala komanso ndi zida zoyera. Izi zidzateteza zomera zatsopano ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndi bwino kusankha nthawi yachisanu, pamene kayendetsedwe ka zinthu kamayamba pamphukira.
Mbewu Chigawo
Njira ya mbewu imatanthawuzira zosavuta, ndipo sizikutsimikizira kusungidwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, alimi odziwa maluwa amanena kuti mukamagula kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ogulitsa, mudzapeza zotsatira zoyenera. Nchiyani chomwe tikufunikira kudziwa za kulima mbewu, ndi kusamalira kubzala:
- Sakanizani magalasi atatu a tsamba la masamba ndi galasi la mchenga woyera ndikutsanulira mabokosi;
- kukwera kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo kumachepetsedwa kukhala kufalitsa mbewu pamtunda, kuthira madzi popopera madzi, kuphimba ndi filimu yoonekera;
- m'tsogolo, kubzala madzi kuchokera kutsitsi kapena kutsanulira madzi m'kamwa, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa mutatha kumera;
- Kuti tipeze zotsatira zabwino, nkofunika kutsimikizira kuti 100% chinyezi pansi pa filimuyi, tsiku lililonse, komanso kusunga firiji pafupifupi 25 ° C.
Pambuyo masiku 25-40, pansi pa zochitika zakhazikitsidwa, mphukira zidzawonekera. Mbeu ziyenera kumizidwa mu masabata asanu ndi atatu oyambirira pambuyo pa masiku 14. Akafika msinkhu wa masabata khumi ndi awiri, muyenera kuchotsa zitsulozo ndikuzifesa mozama. Manyowa ndi theka la ndende masiku asanu ndi awiri mutatha. Koma ngakhale khama lanuli silidzatsimikiziranso kuti mudzapeza mtundu womwewo wa tsamba kapena maluwa.
Episza - tsamba lobala
Hothouse conditions - chitsimikizo cha rooting bwino kwa chomera. Ngati mutadula tsamba kuchokera ku chitsamba, liyikeni mu gawo lochepetsetsa ndipo muphimbe ndi mtsuko, pakapita nthawi idzayamba mizu. Chinthu chachikulu ndichosungira kutentha pa 25 ° C, chifukwa kubereka kwa epicure kudzawoneka kokha ndi mpweya wotentha m'chipinda. Mmalo mwa pepala limodzi, mutha kutenga malo onse ndipo mugwiritse ntchito njira zomwezo kuti muzule, mutenge botolo la madzi mmalo mwa nthaka.
Gawo - kubereka ndi cuttings
Ndibwino kuti, ngati tsinde ndi rosette, zingatheke kuyika mu nthaka yokonzedwa bwino: choyamba timatsanulira dothi mumtsuko, kenako mchenga wabwino, komanso pamwamba pa masamba ndi masamba. Zikatero, tsinde lidzakula mofulumira. Koma ndithudi njira yophweka, momwe mungakulitsire zoopsa, ndi kungosiya rosette popanda kuwalekanitsa ndi chitsamba cha mayi.