Mtengo wamaluwa umapatsa chipatso chokoma ndi kukoma kokoma. Ngati mupereka chisamaliro chapamwamba pa maulamuliro, kwa zaka zambiri zimakondweretsa zipatso zobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, mazira, zamzitini monga ma jisi, compotes, odzola, kupanikizana.
Malamulo a kubzala plums
Mafuta okometsera ndi mtengo, wokwana mamita 15, umabereka zipatso pafupifupi zaka 15. Mizu yambiri ya mbewuyi imakhala pa kuya kwa 20-40 masentimita, ndizofunika kwambiri. Mafuta amtundu angakhale pamalo okongola, m'nthaka iliyonse, makamaka yotayirira ndi yachonde. Nthawi yabwino kuti rooting yake ikhale yotentha kapena yophukira. Posankha malo, nkofunika kuti mbeu isasokonezeke ndi zomera zoyandikana nazo. Kuti mizu yodula mitengo yodalirika ikhale yopindulitsa. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti mbewuyo siifa kapena safuna kubereka zipatso.
Malamulo a kubzala plums masika
M'madera ndi nyengo yoziziritsa, kubzala kwa mtengo wamaluwa kumachitika m'chaka cha April, impso zisatsegulidwe. Zimatenga mizu patali mamita awiri kuchokera pansi pamadzi. Mfundo zoyenera kubzala mtengo wa plamu:
- phula limapangidwa mu autumn kapena kasupe milungu ingapo isanayambe rooting;
- kusiyana pakati pa mbande kuyenera kukhala mamita 3-5, amawerengedwa ngati kalasi - otsika kapena apamwamba;
- Phokoso lolowera maula likufunika 80 cm masentimita ndi 70 cm;
- dense pansi podpushivayut lomik wina 20 cm pansi;
- Mitsuko iwiri ya peat ndi humus imadulidwa ku nthaka, 2 makapu a nitrophos, 200 g wa lime-pushenki;
- Pansi pa dzenje, makosi a eggse amaponyedwa, pakati ndi mtengo wobzala;
- Mbeuyi imayikidwa ku ndodo ndipo idakonzedwa ndi nthaka;
- gawo la kusintha kuchokera muzu mpaka tsinde liyenera kukhala masentimita 5 pamwamba pa ndege;
- kuzungulira thunthu la maula kumapanga dzenje lozungulira ndikupereka mowolowa manja;
- bwalo pafupi ndi mtengo liri ndi utuchi.
Zomera kubzala m'dzinja
Ngati malowa ali ozizira pang'ono, amaloledwa kubzala mitengo m'dzinja, pokonzekera chiwembucho. Maulawo amabzalidwa mu September, chisanu chisanafike. Malo osankhidwa ayenera kukwera kwambiri kuti m'nyengo yozizira chisanu sichisungunuka pamtengo. Malamulo a kubzala mazira:
- Mmera uyenera kukhala ndi mizu isanu yamphamvu kwambiri mpaka 25 cm m'litali;
- Kuchuluka kwa mizu ya maulamuliro - osachepera 50 cm;
- dzenje likumba masabata awiri;
- Nthaka yachonde ikukonzekera ufa wambiri, wothira 50 g wa potaziyamu mchere, 100 g wa superphosphate, 15 makilogalamu a humus pa dzenje;
- Mmera umakonzedwa ku peg yomwe kale inakumbidwa, mizu yake yowongoka;
- gawo lapansi liri modekha tamped ndi kutsanulira ndi ziwiri ndowa zamadzi, yokutidwa ndi utuchi;
- isanafike nthawi yozizira iyenera kukhala yochulukitsidwa kwambiri nthawi 2-3;
- pamene kuyamwa kwa autumn kumayang'anitsitsa mosamala mvula, kuti madzi asaime pansi.
Kudulira ndi kupanga mapulogalamu
Kuonjezera chonde cha mtengo, autumn, chirimwe, masika akudulira maula amachitidwa. Amakonda nthambi zowonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka, kuphulika kwa korona, kutayika kwa kuthekera kwa mphukira zatsopano kapena kuchepa kwa zokolola. Ndondomeko zokongoletsera korona zikuchitika kuyambira pachiyambi cha rooting za mtengo ndikupitirizabe kuyenda mosavuta m'moyo wake wonse.
Dulani kudulira mutabzala
Mtengo umalangizidwa kuti uyambe kudulira mmera, pamene umapanga mphukira zambiri. Care yafupika kukhala chitsanzo cha chigoba nthambi ndi impso amphamvu. Kudulira koyamba kwa maula pamene mutabzala masika kumachitika mu March:
- Thunthuyo imatsukidwa kuchokera kumbali ya nthambi pamtunda wa masentimita 40 kuchokera pansi;
- Mphukira yotsala imadulidwa theka;
- malo otsogolera maulendo ayenera kukhala aakulu ngati 1.5 mamita.
Komanso m'nyengo ya chilimwe, mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa Julai, maulamuliro ena amatha:
- kuchepetsani mphukira zowonjezera mpaka 20 cm, kuchokera ku thunthu;
- phokoso lalikulu la conductor silidulidwa;
- Zomwe zimachitika kumbali zonsezi, zimayikidwa pansi, zimayimitsidwa mpaka masentimita 15.
Sungani maula aang'ono
Zaka zotsatirazi zimakhudzanso kwambiri mapangidwe a mtengowo. Pa fruiting specimen, malo ochepa kwambiri a nthambi amawoneka, akuwongolera kuti apange korona wandiweyani wokhazikika, kutayika kwa mphukira. Kudulira phala laling'ono m'chaka ndi kuwuka kwa impso kumaphatikizafupikitsa tsinde la mbiya ndi magawo awiri pa atatu. Chisamaliro chotero sichilola kuti chomera chipeze mwamsanga. M'chaka cha July, kudula nthambi za masamba mpaka 20 masentimita zimakonzedwa. Mu nyengo zotsatirazi, nthambi zonse zimadutsa ndipo zimachotsedwa.
Otsogolera apakati akudulidwa magawo awiri pa atatu chaka chilichonse mpaka mbeuyo ifike pamtunda. Korona ikhale ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi yomwe ili ndi chiwopsezo chofalikira, kusamalira maula mwa kudulira kumapangitsa kuchotseratu kwakukulu kwa mphukira zosayenera. Monga chimango chotsani nthambi 5-6 zamphamvu. Ayenera kukula m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndi makilogalamu 50. Kuchita ntchito yomwe mukufunikira secator kapena hacksaw. Magawo onsewa amachotsedwa ndi munda kuti mtengo usadwale.
Kukonza maula opanda kanthu
Gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wokonongeka kuti uchititse nthawi yake yogwira ntchito, osasintha kukula ndi kukoma kwa chipatso. Chifukwa cha korona wambiri, malamulo odulira mitengo ya kasupe wamasika amaphatikizapo:
- kuchotseratu masamba onse ouma, odwala, osweka, ndi omwe amatsogoleredwa mkati mwa thunthu;
- mafupa a plamu ndi kupatulira, mphukira zimakanizana wina ndi mnzake;
- ngati chomera chikukula, chifupikitsidwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Kubwezeretsa kudulira prunes
Mtengo wam'munda ukawonetsa zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa kukula (kubzala zipatso, amawongolera masentimita 10-15 pachaka), kubwezeretsa kudulira kumachitidwa. Ndizo zowuma, nthambi zodwala, zowirira komanso zazing'ono zimachotsedwa, mphukira zatsopano sizimakhudzidwa. Mitengo ikuluikulu imadulidwa mu nkhuni zaka zitatu kapena zinayi - nthambi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa pa mafupa akale. Izi zimapangitsa mtengo kubereka chipatso pa zaka zolemekezeka. Kubwezeretsa kudulira kwa wakale maula ndi odziwa wamaluwa akukonzekera kumayambiriro kasupe. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munda wa var.
M'malo mwa nthambi zakutali, mphukira zazing'ono zimayambira. Kuti asasokoneze maula, ziŵiri zamphamvuzi zatsala, zina zonse zimachotsedwa pakati pa chilimwe. Kubwezeretsa kudulira kumadulidwa kwa zaka 3-4 ndipo kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mutachita zonse mu nyengo imodzi, maula akale sangathe kuima ndikutha. Ndondomeko yoyendetsedwa bwino idzamuthandiza kubereka zipatso kwa zaka zingapo.
Kukonza maula ophatikizidwa
Zomera zimatha kukula phindu la nyama zinyama pamidzi yawo, kapena pothandizidwa ndi zida zowonongeka. Choncho alimi angayese kuchulukitsa zitsanzo, kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya plums. Nkofunika kuti chomera chikhale mawonekedwe a korona m'nyengo yoyamba. Malamulo odulira maula omwe amamezanitsidwa ku chitsa (mizu):
- Ngati mmera ulibe nthambi, mutabzala pa malo osatha, mdulidwe umapangidwa pamwamba pa impso pamtunda wa masentimita 60 kuchokera pansi. Pambuyo pake ikawoneka mphukira zowonongeka, zimatha kupangidwira kupanga mafupa;
- Ngati mtengo uli ndi nthambi, chifukwa chotsika chotsatiracho chimasankha mphukira zitatu zamphamvu, kuikidwa pa madigiri 50, ndi kuzidula kwa magawo atatu. Woyendetsa pakatiyo amadulidwa kuti akhale pamwamba pa nthambi za pamtunda ndi masentimita 25.
- m'zaka zotsatira, processing ikuchitidwa mofananamo ndi kusamalira ma plums ena;
- Muzitsulo zokhazikitsidwa ndizokhazikitsidwa, mizu ya mphukira imachotsedwa ku mayiyo, osasiyidwa. Kuti muchite izi, fufuzani nthaka, chotsani mphukira pamalo pomwe idachoka pamsika ndikudzaza malo ocheka.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji maula?
Zomwe zili mumtengo wotero zili ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zomera zina m'munda. Kusamala - kulima ndi kulima:
- Kuthirira. Ichi ndi chomera chokonda kwambiri chinyezi. Zimayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nyengo ndi kuthira maula kamodzi pa sabata panthawi ya chilala (zitsamba zisanu ndi zisanu (5-6) zamasamba akuluakulu, 3-4 aang'ono). Chizindikiro cha kusowa kwa chinyezi - kusweka pa chipatso, madzi ochulukirapo korona amachitidwa ndi chikasu cha masamba.
- Zima kusamalira maula. M'nyengo yozizira zimalimbikitsidwa kupondaponda chipale chofewa kuzungulira thunthu, kuti chichoke pamthambi.
- Sungani bwalo la mbiya. Ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 2 m, Ziyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse ndipo udzu wachotsedwa. Mphukira ku mizu imafooketsa chomera - imayenera kudula nthawi 4 mpaka 5 m'chilimwe molunjika kuchokera ku katundu waukulu.
- Zimathandizira. Ndi zokolola zambiri, katundu pa nthambi za chipatso ndi zabwino - amalimbikitsidwa ndi zikopa, nsalu zofewa pamtunda wokhala ndi makungwa.
Kusamalira maula mu kasupe - kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Tizilombo titha kuwononga zomera, njira zenizeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nazo. Kuwongolera pamtengowo pamtengowo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa:
- Musanayambe kutsegulira masamba, kasupe imadziwitsidwa mosakaniza ndi 30 (500 g pa 10 malita a madzi). Kupopera mbewu kumeneku kumayendera motsutsana ndi ziphuphu, nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Pakati pa maluwa oyera, imodzi mwa tizilombo ( Alatar , Aktara, Fufanon-nova) imachiritsidwa. Choncho maulawo amatetezedwa ku mphutsi za macheka, nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizirombo timadya;
- M'chilimwe 3-4 mankhwala opopera amachitika ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri motsutsana ndi maula. Kukonzekera: Fufanon-nova, Fitoverm + Abiga-pic, Horus .
Chisamaliro cha maonekedwe apamwamba
Zaka 2-3 zoyambirira mutabzala mbande, pali zakudya m'thumba. Ndi chisamaliro chotsatira cha maula mumayenera feteleza, chomwe chimatsanulira pa nthaka yomwe idasulidwa kale:
- M'dzinja: organic - kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, slurry, kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 3-5 nthawi kapena zitosi za mbalame katatu;
- Phula kumapeto - chisamaliro chokonzekera pamwamba ndi mchere:
- Chomera feteleza choyamba chimapangidwa kusanayambe maluwa mu April - 30 g Urea umasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. Pansi pa madzi okwanira 20 malita a madzi amatha;
- Mu May, mutatha maluwa - 40 g nitrophosks ndi 30 g urea amadzipukuta ndi ndowa. 30 malita a fetereza amatsanulira pansi pa madzi;
- m'chilimwe mutatha kukolola - 30 g potaziyamu sulfate + 40 g. superphosphate pa chidebe cha madzi. Kumira kumodzi kumafuna makilogalamu 20 a michere yosakaniza.