Kutentha kwapakati sikumangotulutsa zomera, komanso wintering pa mphutsi za tizilombo ndi spores wa bowa. Posazindikira, poyamba amayamba kuchita, kuwononga kwathunthu kapena pang'ono mwa minda. Kuchotsa oyandikana nawo osalandiridwa, chithandizo choyenera cha strawberries mu kasupe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo timayika maziko a zokolola zabwino.
Chithandizo cham'madzi cha strawberries kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda
Kusakaniza kwa strawberries kumapeto kwa kasupe kuyenera kuchitidwa mofulumira, mwamsanga pamene chomera chikuchotsedwa ndi chisanu ndi nyengo yofunda imayika:
- Chilichonse chimayamba ndi kuyeretsa - mabedi ayenera kutsukidwa masamba osagwa, mbali zakufa za sitiroberi, ndi zina zotero. Koma mungathe kudula masamba a chaka chatha pokhapokha atangoyamba kumene, osayesa kuwononga mtima wa chitsamba. Kusonkhanitsa zinyalala kumawotcha bwino, kuti asapatsidwe mwayi wowonjezera spores-yochititsa matenda ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo pamtunda.
- Nthaka pa munda wa sitiroberi, kumasulidwa ku zisala za chaka chatha, amamasulidwa, kuchotsa mulch omwe waperekedwa kale. Izi zimangowonjezera kutentha kwa mizu ndi kukula msanga kwa tchire, koma kumathandiza kuchotsa gawo la mkango wa tizilombo towononga ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimasankha zowonongeka komanso zowonjezera zowonjezera nyengo yozizira.
- Zomera zimathiriridwa bwino ndi madzi ofunda abwino, ndipo pambuyo pake amachizidwa ndi mankhwala osankhidwa malinga ndi malangizo. Mankhwalawa asankhe tsiku lamtendere, osati mvula, komanso osati dzuwa.
Kodi kupopera strawberries m'chaka ndi tizirombo?
Zakudya zokometsera ndi zokoma sitiroberi-mabulosi sakondedwa ndi anthu okha, komanso ndi tizilombo toopsya zambiri: kachilomboka kakang'ono, kachilombo kakang'ono, kamene kali ndi kangaude kamene kali ndi kangaude . Ambiri a iwo amayambitsa ntchito zawo zowononga posachedwa pamene dothi likuphulika mpaka 8 ° C ndipo nthawi yoyamba ndi yosamvetsetseka kwa wamaluwa. Pamene zotsatira za "sabata" zimayamba kukugwirani maso, mankhwala a strawberries mu kasupe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga sizilumikikanso - tizilombo timakhala ndi nthawi yosamukira kumalo oyandikana nawo kapena kupita ku gawo losauka kwambiri la chitukuko.
Zipatso za strawberries zimakhala zabwino kwambiri, sangathe kutsukidwa kwathunthu ndi zinthu zomwe zagwera pamwamba. Kusankha zowononga strawberries kuchokera ku tizirombo ndikutengera zokonda kwambiri komanso zotetezeka kwa anthu zikutanthauza: urea, ammonia, ayodini, peroxide, manganese. Ngakhale kuti zikuoneka kuti ndizofunika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa apakhomo a mankhwala kumapereka zotsatira zabwino, kuwononga mphutsi za mbozi ndi nthata, spores wa bowa.
Chithandizo cha strawberries m'chaka ndi ammonia
Mankhwala osokoneza ma pharmacy, ammonia apeza ntchito yake komanso pa mabedi a sitiroberi. Kuchiza kwa strawberries ndi ammonia kumathandiza kuthana ndi zovuta za kachilomboka ka May, nematode, kuchepetsa ntchito ya fungal spores ndipo ndizovala zina zabwino. Kuti mupeze njira yothandizira, m'pofunika kusakaniza vinyo umodzi wa ammonia (10% ammonia, 40 ml) mu 10 malita a madzi. Thirani tchire kuchokera kuthirira madzi ndi sprinkler, kuyesera kupeza yankho pa tsamba lililonse. Nthaka itatha chithandizo cha strawberries m'chaka cha matenda ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi bwino kukuta ndi udzu mulch .
Processing strawberries mu kasupe ndi urea
Mu nthawi ya kukula yogwira zomera amafunika nayitrogeni. Powonjezera kusowa kwake ndi kulimbikitsa kukana zovuta zosiyanasiyana kumathandiza kupopera masamba ndi urea . Madzi ogwiritsira ntchitowa akukonzekera kuchokera ku supuni imodzi ya urea pa chidebe chimodzi cha madzi. Kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga mutangotchera kasupe. Ndikofunika kuti panthawiyi ngozi yowonongeka yatha, mwinamwake m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito sitiroberi mankhwala m'chaka cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, urea amatsogolera ku imfa ya minda ya sitiroberi.
Kuchiza kwa strawberries mu kasupe ndi ayodini
Chikoka chofuna kusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma, kachilomboka kakang'ono kamayamba kuyambitsa mapulogalamu mkati mwa maluwa ndikudya kuchokera mkati. Pewani kukolola kwa mtsogolo kudzakuthandizani kuchiza matenda a strawberries ndi ayodini. Ikuchitika mu magawo awiri. Poyambirira, mabedi amayeretsedwa ndi masamba akale ndi zowonongeka zina, kenako amathirira madzi ambiri, ndipo akakhala ndi madzi abwino, amawonjezera madziwo ndi kuwonjezera ayodini (hafu ya supuni ya tiyi pa 10 malita). Patangopita masabata angapo, kupopera mankhwala ndi sopo (supuni ya tiyi ya iodini, sopo yachapa zovala, 10 malita a madzi).
Chithandizo cha strawberries mu masika ndi mkuwa sulphate
Mofanana ndi zina zambiri zimadulidwa zomera, strawberries amakhala ochepa matenda fungal - imvi zowola , powdery mildew, nkhanambo. Polimbana ndi zovuta izi, chithandizo chamasika cha strawberries ndi mkuwa sulphate. Popeza mankhwalawa ndi owopsa, amatha kuwotcha masamba, amagwiritsidwa ntchito osakaniza ndi mandimu (Bordeaux madzi). Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito vitriol mosamala mu mawonekedwe ake oyera, kuti musawonongeke maluwa a sitiroberi. Pokonzekera njira yothetsera, yongolerani magalamu 100 a chinthucho mu malita 10 a madzi ndikupopera bwinobwino chitsamba chilichonse.
Chithandizo cha strawberries mu kasupe potaziyamu permanganate
Potaziyamu permanganate, yomwe imadziwika kuti potaziyamu permanganate, ingapezeke mu kabati iliyonse ya mankhwala. Alimi wamaluwa wamaluwa amalinganiza mankhwala ake ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Kuchiza kwa strawberries ndi potaziyamu permanganate kumateteza zomera ku zirombo za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumawonjezera kukana kwawo matenda ndi bowa, komanso kumalimbikitsa nthaka. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, m'pofunika kukonzekera njira yowonjezera yowonjezera ya potassium permanganate ndikuwathandiza ndi masamba osakhwima, ndikuwathandiza kwambiri.
Chithandizo cha strawberries mu spring Bordeaux madzi
Bordeaux madzi ndi osakaniza zamkuwa sulphate ndi hydrated laimu. Zotsatira zake, mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kukhalabe, koma chiwawa chake chacheperachepera. Njira yothandizira imakonzedweratu musanagwiritse ntchito (salifu maola 4-5). Kuchiza kwa sitiroberi Bordeaux madzi n'zotheka m'zinenero ziwiri: 1% yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa njira, komanso 4 peresenti poyang'anira malo osowa.
Chithandizo cha strawberries mu kasupe ndi hydrogen peroxide
Chithandizo china chochokera kuchipatala cha pakhomo, hydrogen peroxide imathandizanso pa mabedi a sitiroberi. Sikuti zimangowonjezera kukula kwa tchire ndi kupanga mapangidwe a mazira, koma zimalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a putrefactive, omwe amatha kukhwima mwachindunji ndi nthaka strawberries. Kusungunuka kwa strawberries ndi hydrogen peroxide kungapangidwe osati kumayambiriro kasupe, komanso nthawi ya maluwa. Njira yothetsera kupopera mbewu ikukonzekera pa mlingo wa supuni imodzi yokonzekera madzi okwanira 1 litre. Pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kuvunda, madzi ochulukirapo amatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 3 makapu a peroxide.
Kuchiza kwa strawberries mu kasupe ndi madzi otentha
Otsatira za ulimi wakulima adzakondwera kukonza strawberries ndi madzi otentha. Njirayi, yomwe siilimbikitsa zomera kapena nthaka, imatilola kuti tisawononge osati tizirombo okha m'nyengo yachisanu, komanso spores za bowa. Nthaŵi yabwino yothandizira kutentha kwa strawberries mu masika kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizirombo ndi kuyamba kwa April. Madzi amasungunuka kutentha kwa 60-70 ° C ndipo chitsamba chilichonse chimakhetsedwa, kulanda osati masamba okha, komanso nthaka yozungulira. Mizu sikumva kuwawa, chifukwa ndi otetezedwa ndi osatenthedwa.