Zotsala m'nkhalango zingadwale kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamayambitsa matendawa. Matenda a Encephalitic amakhala makamaka ku Far East, Urals ndi Siberia, koma zitsanzo zina zingapezenso m'madera ena. Ndikofunika kuti mudziwe zambiri za matenda omwe akukumana nawo kuti athetse mavuto owopsa.
Gwiritsani ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa encephalitis
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi nyama zakutchire, zamtundu wina wa mbalame ndi makoswe. Akalumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndipo amakhala chonyamulira cha matendawa. Matenda a munthu amapezeka pamene tizilombo timatulutsa khungu komanso timalowa m'magazi. Nthawi zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a encephalitis amafalitsidwa m'njira zina:
- mukamagwiritsa ntchito mkaka watsopano kuchokera kwa mbuzi kapena ng'ombe;
- pamene amayesa kuchotsa mite mu bala;
- chifukwa cha kung'amba kwa khungu komwe nyongolotsi kapena matope a tizilombo tafa.
Koperani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a encephalitis
Ngati maselo a tizilombo amalowa m'thupi kudzera m'thupi, imabisa mobisa mkati mwa masiku 4-7. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a ecephalitis amatha msinkhu ndi matenda opatsirana (kudzera m'magazi), pakadali pano nthawi yopuma imatenga pafupifupi masabata awiri. Nthawi zambiri, chitukuko cha matendawa chimafika masiku 30. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, mphezi yotchedwa encephalitis imayambira. Amafalikira mthupi mwamsanga ndipo amalowa m'kati mwa masana.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa encephalitis - zizindikiro
Chithunzi choyambirira chachipatala nthawizonse chimakhala chimodzimodzi. Matendawa amayamba mofulumira komanso mofulumira. Zizindikiro za encephalitis yowonongeka pa gawo loyamba zimafanana ndi chimfine. Vutoli limalowerera mu ubongo ndipo limayambitsa zizindikiro zokhazokha ngati mliri wa ubongo wa ubongo ukugonjetsedwa bwino-kusungunuka kwa maselo akulekanitsa dongosolo lalikulu la mitsempha m'magazi. Ngati izi sizichitika, matendawa amatha mosavuta komanso amachiza mwamsanga.
Zizindikiro za kuluma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a encephalitis
Chipatala chachikulu kwambiri chikupezeka pamene nembanemba ya msana ndi ubongo zimakhudzidwa. Zikatero, kuluma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi kumapangitsa kuti:
- kusowa;
- minofu yofooka;
- phokoso;
- ululu waukulu pamutu ;
- chithunzi;
- kusanza;
- kumverera kwa zakufa za minofu ya khosi;
- kusokonezeka maganizo;
- kuwonongeka kwa khalidwe la kugona;
- delirium;
- kuchepetsa;
- kugonjetsedwa kwa minofu ya nkhope;
- chiwonetsero;
- paresis ndi zizindikiro zina.
Kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mankhwala panthaŵi yake kungachititse kutupa kwakukulu kwa ziwalo ndi ubongo (mutu ndi msana), kuchepa kwao ndi necrosis. Nthawi zina zimayambitsa mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo imfa. Pofuna kupewa zovuta, ndikofunika kuti mudziwe matendawa m'kupita kwa nthawi ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo choyenera.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za encephalitis
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zikufanana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana:
- kutentha kwakukulu;
- malungo;
- mutu;
- mala;
- zolemba ;
- kugona;
- kusowa kudya;
- kunyoza, nthawizina ndi kusanza;
- low operability.
Ndikofunika kudziwa nkhupakupa yowonjezera encephalitis mu nthawi - chidziwitso chimapangidwa mwa kuphunzira zinthu zakuthupi:
- magazi (kawirikawiri, kafukufuku wa virological ndi biochemical );
- chithandizo chamadzimadzi;
- thupi la tizilombo.
Zowopsa ndi zotsatira za nkhuku zolepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Ngati nthendayo ikuyambanso kuyambanso kuyendayenda ndikuyamba kuchiza nthawi yomweyo, munthuyo amachira mwamsanga popanda mavuto. Zoopsa zazikulu za matenda a nkhuku otchedwa ticks encephalitis ndikutuluka kwa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda m'thupi ndi ubongo pambuyo pogonjetsa magazi. Zikatero, kachilomboka kamakhudza kapangidwe kakang'ono ka mitsempha ndipo kamatha kutha molakwika.
Zovuta za nkhuku zotchedwa encephalitis
Anthu ambiri (pafupifupi 98%) omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akuwonanso. Ngati kachilomboka kanakhalapo pambuyo pochedwa Far East tick subtype, mavuto pambuyo pa encephalitis amapezeka 10-25% milandu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- kupweteka ;
- nthenda;
- minofu;
- wodwalayo wamkulu wa kachilomboka.
Ngati chithandizochi sichingatheke kapena chimayamba kuchepa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingayambitse mavuto awa:
- kupunduka;
- zosalekeza ndi zovuta za moyo;
- matenda a mitsempha;
- khunyu.
Zotsatira za nthenda yotchedwa encephalitis
Matenda oopsa a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafupifupi pafupifupi kotala la milandu amachititsa kuti munthu akhale wolemala. Zotsatira zowopsya kwambiri za matenda ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi matenda a thupi lonse ndi imfa. Kuopsa kwa zotsatira zoopsa za matenda kumadalira mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nkhupakupa za Far East ndizoopsa kwambiri, zilonda zawo zimafa mu 20-27% mwa matenda omwe amapezeka. Kwa gulu la tizilombo la ku Ulaya, chiwerengerochi ndi 1-3%.
Chitani chithandizo choperekera kwa encephalitis
Kachilombo kamene kamapangitsa kuti matendawa asagwirizane ndi mankhwala onse omwe alipo. Mankhwala apadera okhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa ticks encephalitis asanalengedwe, kotero munthu wodwala matenda amatha kuchipatala mwamsanga ndikupanga chithandizo chokonzekera. Cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuimitsa zizindikiro za matendawa.
Pofuna kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- antipyretic ;
- zowawa;
- anti-inflammatory;
- zonyansa (mwa mawonekedwe a zothetsera ubongo);
- antihistamines;
- chokhazikika;
- minofu yopumula.
Pamene nthawi yayitali ya matenda imatha, wodwalayo ayenera kuyambiranso kukonzanso. Kubwezeretsa kumaphatikizapo:
- kumatira zakudya zabwino ndi mavitamini ambiri;
- thupi;
- kusamba;
- masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kuteteza nkhuku zotchedwa encephalitis
Kuthandizani mopepuka chiopsezo cha mavuto kapena kupewa matenda ndi malangizo ochepa. Pali njira yeniyeni yeniyeni yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pachiyambi choyamba, malangizowo ndi otetezera kulowa kwa maselo a tizilombo m'thupi. Mtundu wachiwiri wamakonzedwe wapangidwa ndi zochitika zomwe matenda amatha kapena kuti zinachitikadi.
Matenda oopsa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha nkhuku
Munthu akamaluma ndi tizilombo akuitanira ku chipatala, kuyendetsa kwa immunoglobulin G ku kachilombo kamene kamatchulidwa kawirikawiri kumatchulidwa. Ndibwino kuti muyambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito masiku atatu oyambirira kuchokera tsiku limene matendawa amayamba. Pambuyo masiku khumi, mobwerezabwereza mawu akuti prophylaxis amachitika, ndipo patapita miyezi 10-12, jekeseni lotsatira ndi yomaliza likufunika.
Matenda a immunoglobulin motsutsana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa encephalitis amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse, koma mphamvu zake sizinatsimikizidwe mwasayansi. Pali maphunziro ovomerezeka omwe amatsutsa kufunika kwa kayendetsedwe ka mankhwalawa. Nthaŵi zina, ntchito yake imayambitsa matenda a encephalitis. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo tizilombo timayamwa, chitetezo cha thupi chimayamba kudzipangira ma immunoglobulin G. Kuwonjezeka kwapangidwe kake m'magazi kungachititse kuti munthu asamangodzimva yekha komanso kuwonongeka kwa matenda ake.
Katemera wotsutsana ndi nkhuku yotchedwa encephalitis
Njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira katemera ndi matenda omwe akukonzekera. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu omwe amakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi tizilombo toopsa kapena atiyendera madera amenewa. Katemera woteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa encephalitis amachitidwa katatu malinga ndi dongosolo. Jekeseni yachiwiri ikuchitika masabata 4-12, ndipo jekeseni lomalizira - pambuyo pa miyezi 9-12. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika zaka 4-5 zonse. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala, ndipo chitetezo chokhazikika chimapangidwa, yoyamba katemera imaperekedwa kuyambira September mpaka November.
Nonspecific prophylaxis ya nthenda yotchedwa encephalitis
Njira zothandizira zowonongeka zimathandiza kupeŵa kukhudzana ndi tizilombo tokha, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa moyo wake komanso zosiyana siyana za matenda. Kuteteza nkhuku yotchedwa encephalitis:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mkaka wokha basi kapena wophika.
- Pewani malo okhala ndi tizilombo toopsa. Mitikiti imakonda malo a nkhalango ndi udzu ndi zitsamba zazikulu, amasonyeza ntchito yapadera kuyambira April mpaka July. Ndibwino kuti musayende njira za zinyama ndi ziweto, chifukwa tizilombo timabisala mu nthambi ndi masamba ndi thukuta lawo.
- Mukamayendera nkhalango ndi malo osungirako mapiri, valani zovala zolimba zomwe zimaphimba khungu lonse. Ndikofunika kuika malaya kapena t-sheti mu thalauza, ndi mathalauza ku masokosi apamwamba.
- Ndilo choyenera kuvala tsitsi, kumabisa tsitsi pansi pake. Makamaka zimakhudza eni okhala ndi mizere yayitali ndi yowuma.
- Makamaka kavalidwe ponseponse, kotero kuti nkhukuyo inali yosavuta kuizindikira.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi permethrin ndi diethyltoluamide (otchedwa DETA).
- Paulendowu, nthawi zonse yesani zovala ndi tsitsi. Ndikofunikira kufufuza mosamala mbali za thupi.
- Atabwerera kunyumba mwamsanga, akadakali mumsewu, ayang'aninso zovala, kumutu kwa tsitsi ndi tsitsi. Kuti muyese kufufuza, ndibwino kufunsa munthu wina kuti ayang'ane kumbuyo ndi kumutu.
- Ngati mite yowonayo imapezeka, iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuchotsa kumaphatikizapo ndi zofiira kapena ulusi womangirizidwa kuzungulira mbali yowonongeka ya tizilombo. Miyendo ikuyenera kupotoza ndi kusuntha. Dulani, finyani mite kapena kuwerama pa iyo, simungathe.
- Pambuyo pochotsa tizilombo, mwamsanga chitani chilondacho ndi njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuthandizani ndi katswiri wa parasitologist kapena katswiri wa matenda opatsirana.