Munda wamphesa ukhoza kukhudza mabakiteriya 500, fungal, mycoplasmoses, mavairasi ndi matenda ena. Kuonjezera apo, chomeracho chimakhala ndi kusowa kapena kupitirira zakudya zowonjezera m'nthaka komanso nyengo yosasangalatsa.
Matenda a mphesa ndi mankhwala awo
Matenda akulu a mphesa ndi mildew, zovunda zoyera, oidium, imvi zowola, zokwawa tsamba labaibulo, kansa ya bakiteriya, mawanga a necrosis, anthracnose, mphesa yamphesa ndi phylloxera.
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a mphesa ndi mildew (downy mildew). Zimakhudza zomera zonse zakutchire. Nthawi yovutayi ikuchokera kumayambiriro a maluwa a mphesa kupita ku zipatso zofanana ndi mtola. Yambani kupopera mbewu pamaso pa mphesa, ndiye mutatha maluwa ndi nthawi ya masiku 8 mpaka 21, kwa nyengoyi mpaka 3 mpaka 8.
Chithandizo ndi chabwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo Efal, Mikal, Mitsu, Strobi.
Oidium - powdery mildew, kuvala koyera. Amakhudza inflorescences, zipatso ndi masamba owuma ndi kugwa, ndipo masambawo amawoneka mdima wakuda. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi fungo la nsomba yovunda. Kukula kwa matendawa kumapangitsa nyengo yotentha ndi youma, kutentha kwambiri. Njira zazikulu zothana ndi matenda a mphesa zimapopera mbewu za dothi ndi tchire musanayambe maluwa.
Ndi zowola zoyera, nthenda ya causative ya matenda imatha m'nyengo yozizira pa zipatso zowonongeka ndi zomera. Ndi matalala a zipatso ndi chitsamba amayamba kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndi masamba a munda wamphesa. Komanso, nyemba zowola zimayamba kutentha mopanda mpweya wabwino. Zipatsozi zimagwedezeka, mbozi imatulutsa, madzi amatha, zipatsozo zimaphimbidwa ndi madothi oyera komanso owuma. Mu mvula yoyambilira, mpaka 50-70% ya mbewu yatayika.
Kuteteza mphesa ku matenda
Njira yaikulu yotetezera mphesa ndiyo kulenga zinthu zabwino ndikuwotchera mphesa, zomwe zimapindula panthawi yake, kutuluka mumphesa, kuwonongeka kwa namsongole, kuyeretsa kwa nthawi ndi nthawi zipatso za odwala ndi mphesa.
Kuchiza kwa mphesa ku matenda, kutanthauza kupopera mbewu, ndikoyenera kuchitika pamene zipatso zimakhala kukula kwa mtola. Nthawi
Matenda a mpesa mphesa amachititsa onse ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi parasitic tizilombo. Awa ndi agulugufe, mphutsi ndi mbozi, zomwe zimadyetsa mtengo ndi madzi a mpesa. Polimbana ndi iwo, zogwira mtima kwambiri ndi kuwotcha mipesa mutatha kudulira.
Mphesa zosagonjetsedwa ndi matenda
Masiku ano, mitundu yatsopano yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana yatulutsidwa. Izi ndizo, Golden Steady, Dniester Pink, Buffalo, Chinanazi, Chasla Northern, Vierul, Nistru, Saperavi Kumpoto, Chovala Chamtengo Wapatali, Chokwera, Bashkan Red, Liang, Moldavian Color.