Chipembedzo cha umunthu - chogonjetsa umulungu ndi zotsatira zake

Munthu, wotengedwa ndi makhalidwe apamwamba, anali nthawi zonse. M'nthaŵi zakale, anthu ankapembedza milungu, ndipo kenaka pa ntchitoyi anthu anasankhidwa-pamene mwa kubadwa kwabwino, ndipo pamene ndi chifukwa choyenera. Kodi ndi khalidwe lanji la umunthu - tidzamvetsa m'nkhani ino.

Kodi chikhalidwe cha umunthu ndi chiyani?

Ndiko kukweza kwa munthu payekha, yemwe ndi wolamulira wamkulu. Iwo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe chipembedzo cha umunthu chimatanthawuza, ndizofunikira kupereka zitsanzo za mayina otchuka monga Stalin, Hitler, Mao Zedong, ndi zina. Mu mafumu amtundu wa mafumu, mafumu ndi mafumu ankachita nawo milungu. Iwo anali olemekezeka, iwo ankapembedza ndipo sanatamandire chifukwa cha makhalidwe apadera, koma chabe chifukwa cha kukhala kwawo pa mpandowachifumu.

Pansi paulamuliro ndi maulamuliro ovomerezeka, zinali zosakwanira kuti ziime pa mphamvu ya mphamvu. Zinali zofunikira kukhala ndi makhalidwe apamwamba omwe amachititsa wolamulira woyenera udindo. Pokhala ndi zida zamphamvu zafalengezi, ndi zophweka kudzidutsa nokha ngati munthu amene anthu akufuna kumuwona ngati mtsogoleri wawo ndi wolamulira wawo. Ponena za anthu otero analemba zolemba ndakatulo ndipo amapanga ma epics, moyo wamoyo. Ntchito zawo zinali kuphunzitsidwa m'mabungwe a maphunziro ndi kulikonse kumene anaika zipilala.

Zifukwa za kukhazikitsidwa kwaumulungu

Chodabwitsa choterocho chimapangidwira pokhapokha pazifukwa zina:

1. Kupeza zifukwa zomwe zimakhazikitsira chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndibwino kuti tiyankhe kuti izi ndi zotheka pakati pa anthu omwe ali achichepere omwe safuna kutenga udindo wawo.
2. Ndi chikhalidwe chochepa cha maphunziro, chikhalidwe chokhazikika chokhazikika cha khalidwe chimapangidwa.
3. Kulephera kuganiza mozama kumatsegula mwayi waukulu kwa wolamulira wankhanza kuti azigwiritsa ntchito komanso kuyendetsa chidziwitso cha anthu.

Anthu amamupatsa makhalidwe abwino - nzeru, kudzipereka, kupirira, kukoma mtima ndi ena, popanda kudzilolera kukayikira zolondola za zochita zake. Zifukwa za kukhazikitsa umunthu waumulungu zikugwirizana ndi mavuto m'dzikoli:

• nkhondo kapena chisokonezo;
• kuphwanya malamulo;
• kukwera mitengo;
• kusowa kwa katundu pa masamulo a masitolo. Mipikisano ya misa imafuna wolamulira wamphamvu, ndipo izi zimakhalapo nthawi zonse.

Nchifukwa chiani chikunja chimakhala ndi khalidwe lachipembedzo?

Ndi mtundu uwu wa boma, mphamvu zonse zikuyikidwa m'manja mwa mtsogoleri. Iye amachita monga mphamvu yaikulu ya ndale, kuthetseratu kusagwirizana mwa njira zonse. Mbali zonse za moyo waumunthu zikulamulidwa ndi boma. Anthu amawopsezedwa ndipo amakakamizidwa kumvera boma, kulilemekeza, ngakhale kuti sadziwa kuti mphamvu yotereyi ndi yotani. Pa nthaka yotereyi, chikhalidwe cha munthu chimakhazikitsidwa, chomwe chimakhala ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, komanso anthu ammudzi - amawombera mu makina akuluakulu.

Kodi zotsatira zake ndi chikhalidwe chotani?

Iwo akhoza kulingalira pa chitsanzo cha kutsutsa umunthu wa Stalin. Pambuyo pa lipoti la Khrushchev pa February 25, 1956, pomwe adatsutsa nthano za mtsogoleriyo, zipolowe zinabuka m'dzikoli, mkwiyo wa anthu unamugwera. Kuyankha funsolo, ndi chiyani cholakwika ndi khalidwe laumulungu, ndibwino kuti tiyankhe kuti nthawi zambiri omwe amabweranso amagwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi kuti alimbikitse malo awo. Kotero zinali ndi Nikita Sergeyevich.

Atalembera zolakwitsa zonse za zaka zapitazi pa mtsogoleri wa mafuko onse, iye anangokhala chete ponena za udindo wake mu njirayi. Anthu akuwoneka kuti akuthawa ndipo sakanangoyembekezera kusintha, koma amawafunsanso. Chisokonezo chapadera cha kuleza mtima chinapangidwira, kulimbikitsa akuluakulu a boma kuti atengepo kanthu ndikuwonjezeranso ngozi ya njira yopititsa patsogolo populism. Kenaka zinachitika.

Limbani ndi chikhalidwe cha umunthu

Poyesa nthano za kusakhulupirika kwa mtsogoleri mmodzi, iwo amene anabwera ku utsogoleri sali kupambana, koma ataya. Chotsatira chomaliza cha njirayi ndi:

1. Kuthetsa chikhulupiriro cha anthu mu ungwiro wa mphamvu zazikulu monga choncho.
2. Kudzudzula khalidwe lachinyengo ku Soviet Union kunachititsa kuti chiwonongeko cha mantha onse.
3. Kusinkhasinkha kwakukulu ndi zopweteka za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chadziko mwa anthu.
4. Kugawidwa kwa gulu la chikomyunizimu padziko lapansi ndikulowa m'nthaŵi ya mavuto, komwe sikusankhidwa. Sizowonjezera kuti Stalin ndi wolakwa kwambiri monga Soviet Social System yomwe ikutsutsidwa.

Njira yogonjetsera chipembedzo cha umunthu

Pulogalamu ya ndale ya Soviet inayamba kusintha pambuyo pa imfa ya Stalin mu 1953. Anapitiliza kwambiri ku:

1. Kuchotsa zotsatira za kuponderezedwa kwa Stalin, kunamangidwa akaidi ambiri a m'misasa yonseyo m'dziko lonselo.
2. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa lamulo ndi dongosolo.
3. Kuchokera ku maboma a mphamvu, iwo adalankhula zambiri za kugonjetsa chikhalidwe chawo ndi zotsatira zake, kuitanitsa ndondomeko yoyenera ya Bolshevik, yomwe ndi yolondola komanso yogwirizana ndi mfundo za malingaliro a Lenin.

Chipembedzo cha umunthu ndi zotsatira zake chinapangitsa Khrushchev kukhala "thaw", yomwe idakhala ndi magawo atatu a chitukuko chake. Ndipo mafunde a "de-Stalinization" akuphatikizapo kukonzanso kwa Gorbachev, komanso zochitika zambiri za Russia zamakono. Mipingo yofulumira ya mafakitale ndi ulimi zikukula, magulu afukufuku a sayansi akulengedwa, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi kumadutsa mpaka kumtunda wake.

Mavuto amakono a umunthu

Pakalipano, vuto laumulungu ndilo lingaliro la ntchito ya asayansi aakulu kwambiri. Amaphunzira njira yowonetsera makhalidwe abwino monga chikhalidwe chofunikira. Maziko a zatsopano zaumulungu mu maphunziro ndi zonse zomwe zimayendera aliyense - makhalidwe a khalidwe , khalidwe labwino, malingaliro. Imeneyi ndiyo njira yophunzitsira munthu. Makhalidwe abwino ndi zotsatira zake zimayankhulidwa mu phunziro la phunziro la chikhalidwe cha munthu monga gawo losasinthasintha la njira yodziwira chikhalidwe ndi anthu.

Mabuku okhudza umunthu wa umunthu

Anthu miyandamiyanda adanyozedwa, kuwombera ndi kuikidwa m'ndende m'misasa pamene anali kumbali ya ulamuliro wa Stalin. Dzikoli likukumanabe ndi zotsatira za zochitikazo. Olemba ambiri otchuka nthawi zosiyana adakweza chotchinga chachinsinsi, kufotokoza zochitika za umunthu wamatsenga ndi zotsatira zomwe kukwezedwa kwa munthu wina kumatsogolera. Ntchito zotchuka kwambiri zikuphatikizapo:

1. "Gulag Archipelago" ya A. Solzhenitsyn . Kuvomereza kwatsopano uku kunaphatikizidwa mu "mabuku 100 a zaka".
2. Anchi Ming "wokanidwa" . Bukuli la mbiri yakale limatsindika za umunthu wa Mao Zedong ndi zotsatira zoopsa za ulamuliro wake.
3. "Wopereka chinsinsi kwa mtsogoleri" V. Uspensky . Mabuku awiri akufotokoza ntchito za Stalin m'malo mwa mnzawo. Nkhaniyi siimapanga, koma siidetsa mtsogoleri wa mitundu yonse, koma imanena moona mtima za zochitika za zaka zimenezo.