Pomwe akuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo ndi njira zina, ambiri amakonda chidwi ndi funso lomwe ndi catharsis. Lingaliro lomwelo likuwonekera mu filosofi yachigiriki yakale. Ikulongosola ngati njira yowopsya yovuta, yomwe ili ndi chikhalidwe chautali, koma ikafika pamtunda, imakhala yoyipa.
Kodi catharsis amatanthauzanji?
Kodi catharsis amatanthauzanji malinga ndi momwe mawuwo amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Monga lamulo, zikutanthawuza njira yakuyeretsera kukhumudwa . Mfundoyi inanenedwa ndi Aristotle, mu ntchito yake "Poetics". Anthu otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi anali mu chikhalidwe cha kuyeretsedwa mkati, komwe cholinga chake chinali kukwaniritsa mgwirizano wa moyo ndi thupi. M'ziphunzitso zosiyana ndi machitidwe, iye anatchulidwa ndi akatswiri ambiri afilosofi, akatswiri a maganizo ndi a psychoanalysts.
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira ya catharsis kumaphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwa mphamvu ya maganizo kapena kuponderezedwa. Ntchito ya catharsis ili ndi magawo otsatirawa ndipo, malinga ndi momwemo, munthu ayenera kudzidziletsa yekha:
- kusonkhanitsa zovuta;
- kufika pachimake chakumverera;
- kusintha kwa mphamvu zoipa kukhala mphamvu zamphamvu.
Catharsis - Psychology
Catharsis ndi njira yapadera mu kuwerenga maganizo komwe kumakupatsani inu kusangalala ndi maganizo ndi zakuthupi. Njirayi imapangitsa kuti izi zitheke, zomwe zimakhudza munthu:
- kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa kwathunthu malingaliro a nkhawa ;
- kufooka kwa kukhumudwa;
- kumvetsetsa bwino mtendere wamkati ndi zosowa;
- zothandiza kwambiri payekha.
Akatswiri ena a maganizo amati catharsis ndi luso, ndipo izi zimatsimikiziridwa muzochita. Amakhulupirira kuti mawuwa mu psychology anawonekera chifukwa cha Sigmund Freud, amene analimbikitsa njira ya cathartic yokhudza kusintha kwa chikumbumtima cha malingaliro ndi kumverera ndi mphamvu zopanda mphamvu, zomwe zimadzetsa kusangalala maganizo.
Catharsis mu Psychoanalysis
Mu chizoloŵezi cha psychoanalysis, kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya cathartic kumachitika kawirikawiri. Linalengedwa kuti lifufuze ndi kuzindikira zolinga za khalidwe laumunthu. Catharsis wamtima amawonedwa ngati njira zozindikiritsira zomwe zimachitikira ndi zochita za munthu zomwe zimayambitsa zolinga zosadziŵa. Njira zamakono zimakulolani kuzindikira malingaliro oponderezedwa, omwe amathandiza kuti athetse bwino. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya psychotherapeutic, kumapereka njira zoterezi:
- mayanjano aufulu;
- kutanthauzira kwa mawu;
- chidutswa cha lilime.
Catharsis mu Philosophy
Catharsis - ichi mwa nzeru ndi kupindula kwa ukhondo wa chipembedzo. Cholinga chake ndi kukonzekera msonkhano ndi chowonadi, ndikuchotsa mayesero osiyanasiyana. Kuyeretsa kwauzimu kumapezeka kudzera m'malingaliro otsatirawa omwe anthu amasonyeza:
- chifundo kwa mnzako;
- chifundo;
- mantha a kutayika ndi kusayanjanitsika.
Mawu a kale akale a filosofi ndi machitidwe achigiriki amachititsa kuti munthu asokonezeke maganizo, komanso kuyeretsedwa kwachinsinsi kwa moyo. Munthu amachotsa mawonetseredwe a matupi ndi matope a thupi, omwe amayembekezera nthawi zina za moyo. Ponena za lingaliro limeneli anatchulidwa Aristotle, Heraclitus, Pythagoras, Plato ndi akatswiri ena ofufuza nzeru omwe angawonekere m'mawu awo.
Njira ya catharsis
Kukwaniritsidwa kwa catharsis kumafuna zinthu zina. Munthu ayenera kudutsa muzigawo zingapo, mwa izi:
- kuzindikira kufunika kwa kusintha kwa moyo;
- kufunitsitsa kuthana ndi mantha awo;
- kupindula kwa dziko lamtendere;
- chisokonezo;
- chisankho chogonjetsa chisokonezo cha maganizo;
- kuzindikira zolephera.
Zotsatira za catharsis zimabwera pokhapokha ngati munthu akugwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndikuyesa kuthetsa mavuto awo. Kuti mukwaniritse catharsis, chitani zochepa.
- Ganizirani za vuto lomwe liripo.
- Bweretsani momwe mumamvera.
- Ganizirani pa zochitika zomwe zafika pa nsonga yapamwamba.
Kodi mungakwaniritse bwanji catharsis?
Mkhalidwe wa catharsis ndi chifukwa chogwira ntchito mwakhama payekha. Monga lamulo, kuti mukwaniritse izi, muyenera kukhala ndi zochitika mu psychology kapena psychoanalysis. Katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo angagwiritse ntchito njirayi kuti awulule malingaliro olakwika a wodwalayo, omwe angabisike kwambiri. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kuyesetsa kuthetsa mkangano waumwini.
Monga lamulo, pachiyambi munthu amawopa milandu yomwe imakhala yoipa. Iye safunanso kuchita kayendetsedwe kowonongeka. Pamene safuna kuvomereza zomwe zinachitika, kutali ndi iye ndi kuyamba kwa catharsis. Pokhapokha pali chikhumbo chopita patsogolo, mavuto adzathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo maganizo a catharsis adzabweretsedwa pafupi, omwe angathandize kuti pakhale mgwirizano.