Onse oimira mndandanda wa mankhwala osokoneza bongo - antibacterial drugs. Mankhwala awo amachokera ku mphete ya macrocyclic lactone. Kotero - dzina la gululo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti ndalamazi zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri, mankhwala amawagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama.
Kodi ndizifukwa ziti zomwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Phindu lalikulu la kuphulika ndikuti akugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi katemera wabwino wa Gram-positive. Maantibayotiki a gululi angathe kupirira mosavuta pneumococci, streptococci pyogenic, mycobacteria. Mwa zina, iwo amawononga:
- legionella;
- mipira;
- chlamydia;
- Anaerobes (pafupifupi chirichonse kupatula B. fragilis);
- Listeria;
- mycoplasma;
- ureaplasmas;
- Campylobacter ndi zina tizilombo toyipa.
Malingana ndi mndandandawu, zizindikiro zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zokonzekera zamakono zinapangidwa. Perekani mankhwala ku:
- streptococcal tonsilofaringitis;
- sinusitis ;
- kupitiliza;
- kuwonjezereka kwa khate;
- Chiwombankhanga chopezeka pakati pa anthu (kuphatikizapo atypical);
- mphutsi;
- periostitis;
- syphilis;
- chlamydia;
- mycobacteriosis;
- toxoplasmosis;
- chowongolera lymphogranulomas;
- chowopsa;
- periodontitis.
Nthawi zina, macrolides sagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chithandizo chokha, koma komanso kupewa. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa amathandiza kupewa kupewa chifuwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Maantibayotiki a gululi amaperekedwanso kuti azisamalidwa ndi odwala omwe amanyamula mankhwalawa. Ndipo zikhoza kukhala bwino kupewa rheumatism kapena endocarditis.
Mayina a mankhwala osokoneza bongo-magulu a antibiotic omwe amachititsa macrolides
Malingana ndi ma atomu ambiri a mpweya ali pa mphete ya lactone, mankhwalawa amagawidwa m'magulu a 14-, 15- kapena 16-mamembala. Kuwonjezera pa kuti mankhwala awa a antibacterial amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amathandizanso kulimbikitsa chitetezo chokwanira ndipo amatha kuthetseratu kupititsa patsogolo zotupa.
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi ma antibayotiki amphatikizapo mankhwala otero:
- Erythromycin iyenera kutengedwa musanadye chakudya. Apo ayi, bioavailability yake idzachepa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi mankhwala amphamvu oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amafunika kumwa moyenera amaloledwa ngakhale panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba komanso lactation.
- Spiramycin ikugwira ntchito ngakhale motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya omwe amasinthasintha ndi macrolide a maulendo 14 ndi 15. Mitengoyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, otchedwa Clarithromycin , amamenyana ndi Helicobacter ndi atypical mycobacteria.
- Matenda a Roxithromycin amavomerezedwa bwino ndi odwala.
- Azithromycin ndi yamphamvu kwambiri moti imayenera kutengedwa kamodzi pa tsiku.
- Kutchuka kwa Josamycin kumafotokozedwa ndi ntchito yake motsutsana ndi mitundu yambiri ya strepto- ndi staphylococci.
Pafupifupi zonse zopangidwa kuchokera ku mndandanda wa mankhwalawa zikhoza kuuzidwa kuti zikhale ndi bronchitis. Kuwonjezera pa izi, kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya angagwiritsidwe ntchito:
- Dynabac;
- Ilozon;
- Azidrop;
- Azivok;
- Zimbactur;
- Wilprafen;
- Binocular;
- Benzamycin;
- Azicid;
- Makanema;
- Chithunzi;
- Mzimu;
- Brilid;
- Rovamycin;
- Crixan;
- Macropean;
- Choda;
- Chiti;
- Kutchulidwa ;
- Hemomycin;
- Zitnob;
- Kispar;
- Sumatrolide solute;
- Clerimedes;
- Elrox;
- Chophika;
- Zitrocin;
- Eryfluid;
- Ecositrin;
- Kuchoka;
- Arvitsin;
- AsitRus;
- Azimycin.