Pneumocystis chibayo

Pneumocystis chibayo ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana m'mapapo omwe amayamba ndi bowa ngati bowa Pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocysts). Matenda amatha kupezeka ndi madontho. Zilondazi zimapezeka m'mapapu a anthu ambiri wathanzi, koma zimayambitsa matenda pokhapokha ngati zimakhala zovuta.

Kufooka kwa chitetezo champhamvu kungakhale chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:

• zakudya zoperewera;
• mankhwala oletsa maantibayotiki;
• mankhwala a chemotherapy;
• matenda a magazi;
• mimba;
• kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mwachitsanzo, ndi kuika thupi), ndi zina zotero.

Komabe, kawirikawiri matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu choteteza mthupi, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi HIV (AIDS). Pneumocystis chibayo imalembedwa mu 70% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.

Kodi pneumocystis chibayo chimayamba bwanji?

Mankhwala opatsirana amalowa m'thupi la munthu kupyolera m'mapapo opuma. Kufikira lumen ya bronchi ndi alveoli, amayamba kuchulukana mwakhama. Panthawi imeneyi, ntchentche imayamba kuphulika m'mphepete mwa mpweya, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mpweya.

Mankhwala a metabolites omwe amapangidwa panthawi ya kukula kwa pneumocysts amalowa m'magazi ndipo amachititsa kupanga ma antibodies enieni. Izi zimayambitsa kutupa kwa makoma a alveoli m'mapapu, omwe amachititsanso kupuma kupuma. Kupitirira kwa njirayi kumabweretsa pulmonary fibrosis, mapapu emphysema , yotsekedwa pneumothorax ikhoza kukhalanso. Nthawi zambiri, ziphuphu zimagwera ziwalo zina (chiwindi, impso, mpeni).

Zizindikiro za Pneumocystis chibayo

Kuyamba kwa matendawa kumakhala kovuta, ndipo kumadziwika ndi mawonetseredwe otsatirawa:

• kuwonjezeka pang'ono pa kutentha kwa thupi;
• mutu;
• wofatsa dyspnoea ndi kuchita mwakhama;
• kufooka kwakukulu;
• thukuta;
• ululu m'chifuwa;
• chifuwa (kaŵirikaŵiri kouma, minofu, mocheperapo - ndi kutulutsa mphukira ya foamy).

Pambuyo pa sabata limodzi kapena awiri, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kuwonekera:

• malungo;
• dyspnea pa mpumulo;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• cyanosis ya nasolabial triangle;
• acrocyanosis;
• kubwezeretsanso malo osungirako zinthu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, matendawa amayamba pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro za pulmonary zikhoza kuwonetsa kokha pambuyo pa masabata 4-12. Kwa odwala amenewa, chibayo cha pneumocystic chimakhala chophatikizana ndi matenda ena, kotero kuoneka kuti kuledzera kumakhala patsogolo pa chithunzi chachipatala.

Kuzindikira kwa PCP

Matendawa amachokera ku radiography kapena computed tomography. Dziwani kuti causative wothandizira ndi zotheka pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wake wa bronchoalveolar kutsuka madzi ndi transbronchial biopsies, omwe amachitidwa ndi njira ya fibrobronchoscopy.

Kuchiza kwa PCP

Odwala omwe ali ndi chithunzi cha matendawa ali kuchipatala, kuchipatala kwa PCP ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumapangidwanso m'makonzedwe opatsirana. Mankhwala othandizira mankhwala, cholinga choletsa zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matendawa. Monga lamulo, kukonzekera kwa magulu otsatirawa kukulimbikitsidwa:

• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• zosangalatsa;
• omangamanga, ndi zina zotero.

Mankhwala aakulu omwe amakhudza pneumocyst ndi trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ndi pentamidine isothionate. Odwala AIDS amatchulidwa kawirikawiri alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Kuperewera kwa oxygen kumapangidwira mpweya.