Emphysema wamapapu amatchedwa matenda, kuphatikizapo mpweya wambiri m'mapapo. Pachifukwa ichi, kupuma bwino ndi kusinthanitsa mpweya kumasokonezeka. Matendawa ndi aakulu ndipo amadziwika ndi njira yopitirira. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oyenera komanso okalamba amavutika ndi emphysema.
Zifukwa za emphysema
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa emphysema zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri.
Yoyamba imaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapulaneti asokonezeke komanso kuti mphamvu ya mapapu imasokonezeka, ndipo dipatimenti yonse ya kupuma ya m'mapapo imapangidwanso:
- kusuta fodya;
- kutulutsa mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya particles kapena mankhwala;
- kuperewera kobadwa kwa alpha-1-antitrypsin;
- chisokonezo cha microcirculation m'mapapu.
Gulu lachiwiri limaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kupanikizika kumbali ya mapapo, pamene mafupa a mpweya wotentha, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi alveoli amakula kwambiri. Makamaka, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa njira ya kupuma, yomwe ndi vuto la bronchitis.
Mitundu ya emphysema
Gulu loyamba la zifukwa limayambitsa mfizima yamapapu. Pachifukwa ichi mapapu onse amakhudzidwa, ndipo mawonekedwewa amatchedwa kufalikira.
Ngati kusintha kwa mapapo kumaphatikizidwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu chotchedwa TB (bronchitis), kenaka kambiranani za mphuno yachiwiri ya emphysema, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a ng'ombe . Pachifukwachi, mapapu amakhudzidwa pang'ono ndipo mkati mwawo amapangidwa ndi bullae - zotupa malo omwe amadzazidwa ndi mpweya.
Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani pa nthawi ya emphysema?
Chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa minofu ya m'mapapo, mpweya umene umatuluka umakhala wochepa. Motero m'mapapu muli mpweya wambiri, umene munthu sangathe kuwulutsa. Choncho, chizindikiro chachikulu cha emphysema ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi choloŵa choloŵa choloŵa kwa emphysema, dyspnea imayamba kukula msinkhu.
Mpweya umene umakhala m'mapapu sutengapo gawo, motero mpweya wochepa umalowa m'magazi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide kumasulidwa kumachepetsanso.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kuchuluka kwa minofu m'mapapu kumayamba kuwonjezeka, chifukwa ziwalozi zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, ndipo mkati mwazo zimapezekanso timagulu ta mpweya osakaniza ndi minofu.
Zizindikiro za emphysema
Zindikirani emphysema ndi:
- Kutchedwa dyspnea, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri pazochita zolimbitsa thupi;
- "kudzikuza" - wodwalayo amachititsa mofulumira, "kugwira" mpweya, ndi kutulutsa pang'onopang'ono, kutupa masaya ake ndi kutseka milomo yake;
- cyanosis - pamene mawonekedwe a emphysema amanyalanyazidwa, wodwalayo amakhala ndi buluu-wophimbidwa ndi lilime, misomali, ndi milomo;
- Kusinthasintha kwa chifuwa, chomwe pakali pano ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mbiya, mawonekedwe otupa;
- malo owonjezera omwe ali ndi malo osungirako zinthu.
Odwala omwe ali ndi emphysema amakakamizika kugona m'mimba mwawo ndi matenda awo otsika pansi, ngakhale kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi izi zimayambitsa mavuto, chifukwa odwala ayenera kugona atakhala pansi. Panthawi yogalamuka odwala amakonda kumangoyamira kutsogolo - kotero ndi kosavuta kuti iwo athe kutulutsa mpweya.
Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo cha emphysema
Phunziro la emphysema:
- kuthamanga ndi kukambirana kwa thorax (matepi ndi matepi);
- X-ray yamapapu (chizindikiro cha radiologic cha emphysema - kudumpha kwa piritsi ndi kuphulika kwa minofu ya mapapo);
- computed tomography ya mapapo kwa
kumidzi kwa ng'ombe; - Kuwona kupuma kwa kunja (dokotala akuyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wodwala akhoza kutulutsa).
Emphysema amawopsya ndi zovuta monga matenda a mtima ndi mapulmasi ndi pneumothorax (kulowa mu chifuwa cha mpweya kuchokera kwa akuzunza kwambiri). Kuwonjezera apo, mapapu omwe amagwira ntchito mosayenera amakhala makamaka omwe ali pachiopsezo ku matenda. Choncho, n'kofunika kukaonana ndi dokotala pamaliro oyamba a emphysema - amatha kufufuza zizindikirozo ndikupereka chithandizo, chomwe chonse chimatsikira kukana zizoloŵezi zoipa ndi zozizira zolimbitsa thupi. Nthawi zina ng'ombe zimachotsedwa opaleshoni.