Ntchito yoyenera ya diso imadalira kupanga molondola ndi kutumiza magetsi. Mitsempha yachiwiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti izi zichitike. Pamene kutupa kwake kukudzidzimutsa ndipo kumasokoneza masomphenya. Matendawa amakhudza ngakhale achinyamata omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 40.
Ntchito za mitsempha ya optic
Chilengedwechi chimasiyana ndi ena mwa dongosolo lapadera. Mitsempha ya optic ndi yoyera ya medulla yomwe ili pambali. Zimagwirizana ndi nthenda ya diencephalon ndipo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu. Ntchito yaikulu ya mitsempha ya optic ndizowona zochitika zenizeni. Dipatimenti yake yoyamba ndi yolandira maso pa retina (mbeya ndi ndodo). Amapanga magetsi omwe ali ndi zokhudzana ndi kuwala ndi mtundu wa zomwe munthu amawona, ndikuzipititsa ku ubongo.
Kodi optic neuritis ndi chiyani?
Matendawa ndi njira za chitukuko chake akadakali kuphunzitsidwa ndi ophthalmologists. Neuritis ndi kutupa kwa mitsempha ya optic. Malingana ndi malo ake ndi kukula kwake, matendawa amagawidwa kukhala mitundu itatu:
- retrobulbar neuritis;
- papillitis;
- neuroretinitis.
Retrobulbar neuritis ya mitsempha ya optic
Mtundu uwu wa matendawa ukuwonetsedwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa chilengedwecho kunja kwa diso. Matenda otsekemera oterewa amakhudza khungu lokha lokha. Mitsempha ya magazi ndi retina imakhalabe yopanda moto. Opaleshoni yotchedwa optic neuritis imafotokozedwa nthawi zambiri imakhudza diso limodzi. Matendawa akufulumira ndipo amatha kupweteka kwambiri. Chotsatira chofala kwambiri ndi kutayika pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa masomphenya.
Intrabulbar neuritis
Mtundu woterewu wa kutupa umakhudza osati kokha mtolo wa makina, komanso disk wa mitsempha ya optic. Matendawa amayamba m'dera limene limagwirizanitsa ndi retina. Komanso, mapillitis a mitsempha ya optic ingayambitse kutupa kwa mitsempha ya magazi imene imadyetsa apulo. Matenda amtundu uwu amakula mofulumira ndipo nthawi zambiri amathera kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa masomphenya.
Neuroretinitis ya diso
Kutengedwa kwa nthendayi kwa mitsempha ya optic kumaonedwa ngati njira yoopsa kwambiri ya matenda. Njira yotupa nthawi imodzi imakhudza zonse zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito fiber, disk komanso retina yonse. Optic neuritis yodzala ndi zotsatira zoopsa. Vuto lalikulu pakuchiza matendawa ndilo njira yake yowonongeka panthawi yoyamba.
Optic neuritis - zimayambitsa
Njira yothetsera kutukuka kwa thupi ndiyo kubwezeretsedwa. Ichi ndi chiwonongeko cha mafuta osakanikirana (chigoba) cha mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Kawirikawiri, retrobulbar neuritis ya mitsempha ya optic imapezeka mu multiple sclerosis, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi kutaya thupi. Kafukufuku wam'chipatala posachedwapa wasonyeza kuti matendawa amayamba ndi kuwonongeka kwa neurons ndi axons. Zifukwa zowonongeka kwa maselo sizinakhazikitsidwe.
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu izi zopangitsa, optic neuritis ikhoza kuchitika ndi mavuto otsatirawa:
- matenda ofala, ovuta komanso osapitirira;
- kutupa kwa ubongo ndi nembanemba zake;
- kuchipatala kwa mimba;
- kuvulala kosakaniza;
- matendawa a nasopharynx;
- matenda opatsirana ;
- kupweteka kulikonse kwa maso;
- mowa, mankhwala opha tizilombo (toxic optic neuritis);
- matenda a m'kamwa;
- Fuluwenza kapena matenda ena opatsirana pogwira;
- mulungu;
- shuga ;
- zovuta zowonongeka;
- matenda a magazi ndi minofu yogwirizana;
- kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi ena.
Opaleshoni yothamanga - zizindikiro
Chithunzi cha kuchipatala cha matendawa chimadalira mawonekedwe ake ndi digiri. Odwala ambiri ophthalmologist, optic neuritis akuyamba popanda zizindikiro, pambuyo pake mawonetseredwe enieni a matenda amayamba mwadzidzidzi. Chizindikiro chachikulu, chomwe chikuchitika m'matenda 90%, ndi kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe owonetsa, anthu ena amatha kutaya kwathunthu. Palinso zinthu zina zomwe zimaphatikizapo kutentha kwa mitsempha ya optic - zizindikiro:
- kuphwanya malingaliro oyenera a mtundu;
- kupweteka kumaso, komwe kumayambira nthawi ya kayendetsedwe kawo;
- malo osawona m'munda wa mawonedwe, makamaka pakati;
- Kusinthasintha pang'ono pang'onopang'ono madzulo (pafupifupi maminiti 3 kapena kuposerapo);
- kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi kapena chilengedwe (chizindikiro cha Uthoff);
- zojambulajambula (kunyezimira mawanga, kuwala ndi zochitika zina) pamaso pa maso.
Optic neuritis - matenda
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera, m'pofunika kukachezera katswiri wa ophthalmologist. Dokotala ayenera kudziwa kuti matenda a neuritis amapitirira - zizindikiro ndi mankhwala zimadalira kwambiri mawonekedwe a matenda. Kafukufuku wamaphunziro a sayansi sali ofunikira kwambiri. Neuritis (yina) ya mitsempha ya optic imatsimikiziridwa molingana ndi madandaulo a wodwalayo ndi kafukufuku wa ophthalmologic (kufufuza kwa fundus, fluorescent angiography). Mofananamo, kusiyana kulipo ndi matenda ena ofanana.
Opaleshoni yothamanga - mankhwala
Nthendayi yomwe imaperekedwa nthawi zambiri imagonjetsedwa, koma mankhwala ndi ofunika. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a neuritis - njira za chithandizo zimadalira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zazikulu zowonongeka ndizogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mahomoni. Ngati vutoli ndi lovuta, ma immunoglobulins ndi plasmapheresis amalembedwa.
Maantibayotiki a optic neuritis
Ngati njira yotupa imayambira motsutsana ndi matenda a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matendawa, timagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochotsera. Nthenda yotopa kwambiri imaphatikizapo kuyendetsa ma antibayotiki ambiri:
- Ampicillin ;
- Ertapenem;
- Ticarcicline;
- Levofloxacin;
- Amoxicillin;
- Ciprofloxacin ;
- Meropenem;
- Levomycetin;
- Moxifloxacin ndi zofanana.
Ndiletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi ototoxic:
- Neomycin;
- Kanamycin;
- Streptomycin;
- Gentamicin.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo samatumizidwa ngati kachilomboka kakuyambitsa kutupa kwa mitsempha yamatenda pamtundu umenewu kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenera:
- Famciclovir;
- Chithunzithunzi;
- Valaciclovir;
- Panavir ;
- Acyclovir;
- Famvir;
- Valvir ndi ena.
Kuthamanga kwa m'mimba: mankhwala ndi prednisolone - mlingo woyenera kwambiri
Njira yoyamba yothetsera kutupa ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroid mahomoni. Imeneyi ndi njira yofulumira kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri kuti athetse matenda a neuritis a mitsempha ya optic ya mawonekedwe alionse. Mchitidwe wamakono wamakono umaphatikizapo jekeseni imodzi imodzi imodzi ya Dexamethasone (0.4% yankho) ndi Prednisolone mkati.
Mlingo wa wotsiriza umasonyeza kukonzekera kumasankhidwa payekha, kuyambira 0.005 g 4-6 pa tsiku. Njira ya mankhwala ndi Prednisolone ndi masiku asanu, koma kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuchepa mpaka 0.001 g mu maola 24. Kutalika kwa jekeseni wa Dexamethasone ndi njira 10-15. Mofananamo, m'pofunika kuyiritsa mankhwala a detoxification (Reopoliglyukin, Gemodez) ndi othandizira omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Nicergoline, Trental).
Kuphatikiza apo, katswiri wa ophthalmologist angalimbikitse jekeseni wa mavitamini:
- chithunzi;
- nicotinic asidi;
- pyridoxine kapena njira zothandizira.
Opaleshoni yothamanga - kuyambitsa mankhwala
Njira yowonongeka siigwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, kokha ngati njira zoyamba ndizosavomerezeka kapena zapathogenesis zazomwe zimayambira. Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito optic neuritis ndi njira yowonongeka ya ma cormone (corticosteroid hormone), mwachitsanzo, Methylprednisolone. Wodwala amalandira 0,5 mpaka 1 g ya mankhwala maola 6 aliwonse kwa masiku 3-5. Pambuyo pochotseratu ntchito yotupa, mankhwala amapititsidwa ku boma.
Opaleshoni yothamanga - mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachitika ndi matendawa, zotsatira zake zowonjezereka komanso zotsatira zake zoopsa, zimaletsedwa kugwira ntchito mwachindunji. Njira iliyonse yovomerezeka imaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito pokhapokha atavomerezedwa ndi ophthalmologist ndi kuyang'aniridwa kwake nthawi zonse. Nkofunika kuti musaleke kuchipatala. Njira zina zingathandize ngati chithandizo chothandizira.
Diso limapangidwira
Zosakaniza :
- Mwatsopano kufinya madzi kuchokera masamba a alo - supuni 1;
- ozizira madzi otentha - 5 teaspoons.
Kukonzekera, ntchito
- Sakanizani zosakaniza.
- Lembani zotsatira za thonje za thonje za thonje.
- Ikani iwo kwa maso anu kwa mphindi 15.
- Bweretsani kusokoneza 6-8 pa tsiku.
Mayi kuti azitsatira optic neuritis
Zosakaniza :
- madzi oyera - 90 ml;
- mchere watsopano wa aloe - 10 ml;
- Amayi - 5 g.
Kukonzekera, ntchito
- Sambani madzi ndi madzi a masamba.
- Sungunulani mkati mwa madzi awa.
- Kuwombera ndi wothandizira wolandira onse maso pa dontho limodzi.
- Sungani ma eyelids kutseka kwa theka la miniti.
- Bwerezani 2 pa tsiku.
Kuchiritsa manyuchi kuchokera ku nthendayi
Zosakaniza :
- zobiriwira pini mbee - 100 g;
- maluwa ndi masamba a zonunkhira rue - 50-70 g;
- mandimu - chidutswa 1;
- shuga - 1 chikho;
- madzi - 2 malita.
Kukonzekera, ntchito
- Sakanizani cones, maluwa ndi masamba.
- Thirani madzi otentha.
- Onjezani mandimu, osambitsidwa ndi kudula mu magawo anayi (kuphatikizapo peel ndi mafupa).
- Onjezani shuga.
- The chifukwa kusakaniza ndi yophika.
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya moto ndikuphika madziwa kwa mphindi 30.
- Phimbani mankhwalawa ndi chivindikiro, tsatirani gawo limodzi mwa ola limodzi.
- Pewani mankhwalawa.
- Imwani 1 tbsp. supuni musanadye, katatu patsiku.