Pochita opaleshoni zosiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti zisawononge malo owonongeka. Pochita zamankhwala, amagwiritsa ntchito anesthesia, monga njira yolepheretsa kufalitsa kwa mitsempha kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Njira zothandizira kupweteka kwambiri m'magazi
Njira yofotokozedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anesthesia ya nsagwada yam'mwamba ndi yapamunsi.
Pachiyambi choyamba, pali mitundu yotere ya anesthesia:
- Infraorbital. Mankhwalawa akujambulidwa muzowunikira za infraorbital foramen.
- Mphuno. Jekeseni imachitidwa kumtunda wa nsagwada. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti njirayi imaonedwa kuti ndi yoopsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imayambitsa mavuto.
Kuchulukitsa kupweteka kwa nsagwada pamsana pansi kumachitika:
- Apodactyl. Nthano imalowetsedwa m'khola pafupi ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
- Intraoral. Poyamba, malo opangira jekeseni ali ndi zala.
Kawirikawiri, luso lamakonoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira ntchito pa nsagwada, komanso pa mgwirizano.
Kuchulukitsa kupweteka kwa chiwalo chapamwamba
Kuchita opaleshoni yomwe ikubwera padzanja pogwiritsira ntchito jekeseni wamagetsi kumapangidwe njira zingapo zopewera plexus ya brachial ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- chowonekera;
- axillary;
- tsatirani;
- pansi-clavicular.
Palinso njira yothetsera mitsempha yothetsera.
Mukamagwiritsira ntchito pansi pamutuwu, woyendetsa sitima amadzimadzi amafunika kumanja. Amalola kuti adzidziwitsire mitsempha yam'kati, yamtundu komanso ya ulnar. Mfundo yowonjezera singano ili pakati pa pulasitiki yopukutira dzanja. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti anthu asagwiritsidwe ntchito mofulumira, choncho njirayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito pala zala.
Anesthetics yogwira mtima kwa anesthesia:
- Trimecaine;
- Novocain;
- Ultracaine;
- Bupivacaine;
- Lidocaine.
Poonjezera zotsatira za mankhwala, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezera majekeseni a anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, adrenaline, opioids ndi ma soreid steroid akuwonjezeredwa ku yankho.
Kuchulukitsa kupweteka kwa m'mimba
Malinga ndi malo omwe anavulala mwendo, mapepala a mitsempha oterewa amasiyanitsa:
- choletsa;
- tibial;
- chiwonongeko;
- mchitidwe;
- chotsatira;
- pamphepete mwachitini;
- sciatic.
Pambuyo pa jekeseni, malo enieni a mitsempha amafunidwa mothandizidwa ndi ultrasound kapena neurostimulator. Ndikofunika kudyetsa malo oyenerera kwa nthawi yokwanira. Komanso, kufotokoza kwa mfundo ya chisokonezo kumateteza kupewa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za jekeseni.
Zovuta za kupweteka kwa anesthesia
Kawirikawiri zotsatira zovuta zimakhudzana ndi chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha momwe munthu angagwiritsire ntchito mankhwala opatsirana. Kuonjezerapo, pangakhale mavuto ngati awa:
- kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kapena mitsempha yamagazi kuzungulira;
- kupweteka ndi kupweteka kwambiri m'mbalimba, kupitilira kwa nthawi yayitali chitatha minofu ndi opaleshoni;
- kumverera kwa zokwawa "goosebumps";
- Kusagwirizana kwa mitsempha yomwe jekeseni inapangidwira (nthenda ya ubongo);
- Kutaya kwa mitsempha yotchedwa lymphatic flow (thoracic);
- kuledzera ;
- pneumothorax;
- Matenda a malo omwe jekeseni unkachitidwa.
Nthawi zina machitidwe amatsitsimutso amayamba, amawonetsedwa ngati chizungulire, mtima wamadzimadzi, kutaya chidziwitso ndi kufooka thupi lonse. Zili zosawerengeka ndipo zimayambitsidwa ndi jekeseni lolakwika la mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mkati mwaziwiya).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti zovuta zimachitika mobwerezabwereza kusiyana ndi 1% mwazochitika zonse za anesthesia.