Ndani amene amamukonda - amalingaliro pankhaniyi anagawidwa pakati pa akatswiri a maganizo. Z. Freud amatanthauzira momveka bwino nthawi yomwe ankagonjera anthu monga kugonana kwa amuna okhaokha, koma osati nthawi zonse. Amuna otchedwa Homophobes amatchedwanso omwe amakana kuvomereza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha monga chizolowezi chogonana.
Kodi "homophobe" amatanthauzanji?
Kugonana - ndi chiyani? Potembenuza kuchokera ku Chigriki, ὁμός ili ngati, ndipo φόβος ndi mantha. Kugonana ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimayambitsa mantha osayenerera maganizo, kugonana, makhalidwe, anthu omwe si achikhalidwe. Amayi omwe ali ndi chiwerewere, zizindikiro:
- Pewani ocheza ndi anthu omwe si achikhalidwe;
- kuwopa kuzindikira ubwenzi wake;
- amayesetsa kutenga nawo mbali pazotsutsana ndi magulu a LGBT;
- Kusalongosola molakwika za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero chokhumudwitsa;
- kutchulidwa chipembedzo;
- kukhwima ndi ulamuliro.
Zimayambitsa kusamvana
Kodi matendawa ndi matenda kapena ayi? Mawuwa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi dzina la matendawa, koma si choncho, ndipo homophobes pawokha sazindikira kuti chikhalidwe chawo chimafuna kuwongolera. Zifukwa zomwe zimakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chodziletsa:
- chiwonongeko;
- kusadziwa;
- kutsata miyambo yolimba;
- chipembedzo.
Psychology of homophobia
Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti munthu amatha kudzipha yekha amathandizidwa ndi matenda a psychoanalysis amathandiza kudziwa chifukwa chake munthu ali ndi vutoli. Osati nthawi zonse akatswiri a maganizo amatha kulumikiza pakati pa khalidwe loipa la munthu ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ngati chinthu chodabwitsa komanso kudzikonda kwenikweni ndipo ngati choyamba chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe osasunthika a anthu, kudzimvera chisoni nthawi zonse kumakhala mantha, mwadzidzidzi ndi nkhawa pozindikira kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha . Homophobes amaopa kukhala amzawo.
Kuthana ndi Amuna pa Psychiatry
Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti anthu asamangodzimva ngati achilendo samakhalapo, ndipo ngakhale kuti anthu amadzikonda amakhala akunena za mantha, ndizo zokhudzana ndi tsankho, kuphatikizapo tsankho, mantha osayenerera amachokera pamaso pa anthu "osakonda ine" ndikuwonetseredwa ndi maganizo oipa: mkwiyo, kunyansidwa, kunyansidwa, kutsagana ndi khalidwe lachiwawa la anthu odzudzula.
Kugonana padziko lonse lapansi
Padziko lonse lapansi, ma homophobes pakuwona zizindikiro za amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akukhala ndi maganizo oipa. Mbendera ya homophobes ndi mbendera imodzi ya utawaleza ya kugonana ang'onoang'ono, koma utawaleza umatuluka ndi mzere wawukulu wakuda mu bwalo. M'mayiko a dziko lachi Muslim, maiko ena a ku Africa, kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumalangidwa ndi imfa, choncho mayiko monga Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yemen, Uganda akuonedwa kuti ndi anthu omwe amakhala amitundu yambiri komanso omwe ali oopsa kwa amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Kugonana ku America
Tsiku lakumenyana kwa anthu ku United States, monga m'mayiko ambiri, limayamba ndi mphindi imodzi yokhala chete kwa womwalirayo kuchokera ku Edzi, kapena ophedwa omwe amaphedwa ndi anthu omwe sagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. United States ndi dziko lolimbika, lokhazikika lomwe liri ndi moyo wamakono, koma ngakhale apa ndiletsedwe mwamsanga paukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, chikondi, koma tsopano m'mayiko ambiri mulibe malamulo oterowo, ngakhale kuti ma homophobes akupitiliza kuchitira amuna okhaokha. Mayiko omwe akudziwika kuti akudziwika kuti ndi otani:
- Nebraska;
- Chiwonongeko;
- Buffalo;
- New York;
- Louisiana.
Kugonana ku Russia
Vuto la kusagonjera ku Russia silikuwoneka kuti ndi vuto pazokha, Russia ndi dziko lokhala ndi moyo wa zaka mazana ambiri ndipo kusintha kulikonse mu miyambo ya banja sikulandiridwa. Mu 2013, lamulo linaletsedwa kuthetsa mabodza a kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, choncho bungwe la kunyada kwa amuna ndi akazi likuletsedwa, monga maukwati pakati pa amuna amodzimodzi. Otsatira a LGBT anayesa kuchita chigololo ku Moscow mu 2006 ndi St. Petersburg mu 2010, zomwe zinakwiyitsa anthu okhalamo, pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, mazira ndi mabotolo mumtundu wa anthu. M'mayiko akumadzulo, Russia imatchedwa hotbed ya homophobia.
Kugonana ku Ulaya
International Day Against Against Homophobia imakondweretsedwa ndi ochita zachiwerewere pa May 17, pokumbukira kuchotsedwa kwa mndandanda wa matenda a maganizo okhudza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, monga zolephereka kuchokera ku chikhalidwe. Patsikuli likutchedwa "tsiku lokhalira amodzi", zochitika zonse, ziwonetsero kapena misonkhano yotsatizanayo mpaka lero zimayambitsa kuwopsa kwakukulu kwa homophobes. Ku Ulaya, chifukwa cha kafukufuku wa ILGA - bungwe la chitetezo cha ufulu wa anthu ocheperapo kugonana linafika poyera kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerewere chimakhala chachikulu:
- 26% mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwerewere ndi achiwerewere adayesedwa ndi kunyozedwa ndi okhulupirira miyambo;
- 20 peresenti ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso 29 peresenti ya anthu ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatsutsidwa pamene akugwira ntchito kapena akugwira ntchito kale.
Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi anthu omwe mumakhala nawo?
Kodi mungatani kuti muthe kuchotsa vutoli? Funso lovuta lomwe limakhalapo pa msinkhu wa boma komanso munthu aliyense. Ngati titenga vuto lachikhalidwe cha anthu, ndiye kuti pang'onopang'ono timayambitsidwa kudzera mu chitukuko cha kulekerera. Munthu wosakwatira, ngati akuvutika ndi chizoloŵezi chogonana, ndikofunika kumvetsa chifukwa chake pali vuto loipa kwambiri kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha: palibe kuvomereza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena palibe kumvetsetsa kuti anthu onse ndi osiyana, ndipo chikondi cha amuna okhaokha chimakhalanso ndi ufulu wokhalapo.
Stars of homophobia
Chisokonezo chirichonse cha chikhalidwe chimagawidwa mwa iwo omwe ali "chifukwa" ndi omwe ali "otsutsana" ndi chikondi chofanana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, bungwe lachiwerewere ochepa amachititsa anthu kukhala odzikonda, m'malo movomereza kuti aliyense ali wosiyana. Pakati pa anthu otchuka omwe amasinthasintha zochitika pamalopo pali ambiri omwe, ngakhale osakuwa poyera kuti amadana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma amasonyeza kuti sakonda. Anthu otchuka-homophobes:
- Eminem . Wolemba wodziwika kwambiri mobwerezabwereza adanenapo za abambo ndi azimayi nyimbo.
- Mel Gibson . Wochita masewerawa amadziwika chifukwa cha kudzipereka kwake ndi chipembedzo chake kwa nthawi yaitali kuti athetse ubwenzi wake ndi mchimwene wake wamwamuna, ndipo chifukwa cha zonyansa zonena za kugonana ang'onoang'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta.
- Chris Brown . Rihanna yemwe kale anali chibwenzi sakonda ma gay ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "gay" ngati chonyansa.
- Paris Hilton . Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosautsa chifukwa chakuti mu blog yake amadandaula amuna okhaokha, amawapatsa dzina lakuti "abambo ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha" pamene kukambirana kwake kwa foni komwe kunalembedwa ndi woyendetsa galimoto amene amalonda amalowetsa nkhani, Ochepa adanena kuti Paris apepese chifukwa cha mawu ake.
- Alec Baldwin . Wochita masewerawa amadziwika chifukwa cha zomwe amadana nazo zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu omwe amamukonda kwambiri pandale.
Mafilimu onena za kusamvana
Mauthenga a anthu omwe akukhala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi gulu la ndale lomwe liri ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa kapena kusasamala anthu omwe si achikhalidwe , nthawi zambiri kuwoloka malire onse. Kodi ndi mafilimu ati omwe mungathe kuona zovuta za anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti:
- « Dallas Ogula Gulu ». Firimuyi yakhazikitsidwa pa zochitika zenizeni. Ron Woodruff, wamagetsi a ku Texas amakonda akazi ndipo amachitira zosakondweretsa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mwadzidzidzi Ron alowa m'chipatala ndikufufuza magazi ake amasonyeza kuti akudwala ndi Edzi. Ron akusowa, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti Edzi ndi matenda okhaokha, abwenzi amachoka kwa iye. Ron akuganiza kuti amenyane ndi kufunafuna njira zopanda malire kuti athandize moyo, amadziwana ndi Rayon Transvestite ndipo akukonzekera gulu la ogula, kupereka mankhwala osadziwika koma osatetezedwa kuti athetse AIDS.
- " Brokeback Mountain ". Nkhani yachikondi pakati pa ziboliboli ziwirizi ikupezeka m'malo okongola a Wyoming, ikuchitika m'ma 60s. XX century, pamene kugwirizana pakati pa mwamuna ndi mwamuna kawirikawiri kumachita chiwawa, kugonana kwa anthu m'banjamo ndi kolimba, ndipo chikondi cha kugonana chomwecho chimaonedwa ngati chopotoka choyenera imfa.
- " Parada ". Serbia. Mabwenzi awiri a amzake a Marco ndi Radmilo akukakamizidwa kuti abise ubwenzi wawo kwa anthu, komanso homophobes kwambiri, koma mavuto onse akungopangitsa Marco ndi Radmila kupanga bungwe lachiwerewere m'dziko muno, pozindikira kuti izi zingawononge imfa yawo.
- " Carol / Carol ." New York, zaka za m'ma 50. XX century, Carol ali ndi zonse, udindo wapamwamba pakati pa anthu, mwamuna wake, mwana wamkazi, koma sakukondwera. Tsiku lina, Carol amayenda mu sitolo kufunafuna mphatso kwa mwana wake wamkazi ndikukumana ndi mtsikana wamng'ono dzina lake Terez, kutentha kwapakati pakati pa akazi. Firimu yokhudzana ndi chikondi, tsankho komanso nkhanza za mtundu wina.
Mabuku okhudza kusamvana
Katswiri wa zamaganizo a ku Switzerland, dzina lake Z. Freud, wanena kuti izi ndi chizindikiro cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ndani yemwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu komanso chifukwa chake ambiri amalephera kukonda chikondi chosakanizidwa m'mabuku otsatirawa:
- " Kugonana kwa anthu akunja: Kodi ndikuopa ndekha? "M. Sabunaeva. Chodziwika bwino kuti anthu amatsata mfundo zake zoyambirira ndi makhalidwe abwino, ndi zovuta kuti anthu omwe alibe chikhalidwe chawo avomereze kusiyana kwawo. Bukhuli lakonzedwa kwa anthu omwe amamvekedwa ndi kugonana kwawo, koma samadzivomereza okha.
- " Maonekedwe ndi masikiti achikondi cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha." Kuwala kwa Mwezi kumayambiriro "I. Kon. Ntchito idzakhala yopindulitsa kuwerengera kwa psychologists, sexologists, makolo a achinyamata omwe apeza zizindikiro za kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
- " Kukonda Mtundu wa Kumwamba " I. Kon. Wolemba, katswiri wodziwika bwino wa chikhalidwe cha Russia ndi filosofi, adasonkhanitsidwa ndikusanthula m'buku la chidziwitso kuchokera ku mbiri, chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe zimayambitsa chizunzo ndi chidani cha sodomite (homophobia).
- " Psychotherapy Pink. Malangizo othandizira kugonana ndi anthu ocheperako. "D. Dominic. Ngati munthu wokonda kugonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amayamba kuvutika maganizo ndi zovuta, ndiye kuti oimira zachiwerewere amayamba kusamvetsetsana, amamva mavuto a anthu m'mayiko ambiri, choncho pali zowonjezera zambiri. Bukhuli ndiwotsogolera kugwira ntchito ndi anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
- " Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mbiri Yachilengedwe »F. Mondimor. Momwe mungamvetsere chikondi chofanana pakati pa kugonana, chifukwa chiyani lero m'mabanja palibe kuvomereza izi, yemwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi cha masiku ano komanso chomwe amachiyanjanitsa ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Zochititsa chidwi kuchokera ku mbiri yakale, biology.