Mbatata zosiyanasiyana - mungasankhe bwanji zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba lanu?

Aliyense amadziwa masamba monga mbatata, nthawi zina amatchedwa "mkate wachiwiri". Masiku ano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yadziwika yomwe imasiyana malinga ndi kusasitsa ndi kutchulidwa, tuber ndi mphamvu zobala, kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.

Kodi mbatata ndi yotani?

Masiku ano mbatata ya padziko lapansi ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 4,000 ya masamba. Zimakhala zovuta kulongosola m'njira zosiyanasiyana, choncho, odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa ntchito yodzala mitundu ya masambawa chifukwa cha malo omwe munabzala. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu m'gulu la mbatata ndi kukula kwake. Malingana ndi izo, mitundu ya "mkate wachiwiri" ndi:

• choyamba ;
• chiwerengero;
• mochedwa.

Malingana ndi cholinga chake, mbatata zosiyanasiyana zimagawanika:

1. Chipinda chodyera. Zimaphatikizapo mitundu yofala kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. Mbatata zoterezi zili ndi osachepera 18 peresenti ya wowuma, kuchuluka kwa vitamini C ndi mapuloteni.
2. Amisiri. Mtedza wokhutira masamba ndiwofika 16%. Kuchokera ku mbatata zotere zimatulutsa wowonjezera komanso mowa.
3. Chilengedwe chonse. Muzigawo izi, kuchuluka kwa starch kumasiyana ndi 16% mpaka 18%.
4. Aft. Mitundu yamapamwambayi imakhala ndi tubers lalikulu yomwe ili ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi wowuma.

Mtundu wina wotchuka wa mtundu wa mbatata ndi mtundu wa ma tubers. Ambiri ndi mitundu:

1. White. Mbatata ndi izi tubers ndi zokoma komanso zophika.
2. Yellow. Mbewu imeneyi ili ndi carotene yambiri.
3. The Reds. Mitundu imeneyi imasungidwa bwino, imakhala ndi antioxidants. Mu zipatso zofiira, solanine imapangidwira, ndiko kuti, sakhala yobiriwira.
4. Multicolored. Pakalipano, mitundu ya mbatata ndi buluu, violet komanso ngakhale khungu lakuda ndi mnofu. Komabe, iwo akadali ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri.

Mitundu ya mbatata yoyambirira

Kusonkhanitsa kwa mbatata kumayamba pamene nsonga zazomera zimakhala zobiriwira, ndipo khungu la tubers ndi lochepa kwambiri. Kusunga mbatata koteroko sikutanthauza, chifukwa m'chilimwe kutentha kwa tubers kumataya mwamsanga chinyezi. Mbatata yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kukhala:

1. Poyambirira - tubers ayamba kuyeretsa pambuyo pa masiku 40-60 mutabzala. Izi zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo mitundu ya tebulo Timo, Ariel, Riviera ndi ena.
2. Kumayambiriro - kukolola mbatata zoterezi zinayamba masiku 70 mutabzala. Izi ndi mbatata zosiyanasiyana Izora, Anosta, Red Scarlett, ndi zina zotero.
3. Midrange - kukolola mbatata iyi patapita masiku makumi anayi. Mitengo ya mbatata Amorosa, Martha, Odysseus ndi ena.

Mitundu yambiri ya mbatata

Mbatata zoterezi ndizoyenera kusungirako, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuchokera pabedi. Popeza pa nthawi ya kusasitsa kwa mbatata imayamba kukula ndi phytophthora, ndi bwino kupeza mitundu yotereyi yomwe imagonjetsedwa ndi mochedwa choipitsa . Mukhoza kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ndi yachakumwa kwa dera la Chernozem:

1. Ramos - ali ndi thupi lachikasu, ali ndi mankhwala abwino ndipo akulimbana ndi matenda.
2. Lorkh - ma tubers omwe ali ndi mitsempha yoyera, maso ang'onoang'ono, kukana mochedwa.
3. Lugovskaya - mitundu yosiyanasiyana yodzikweza imasiyanitsidwa ndi tuberous ovari yaikulu ndi thupi lofewa. Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.

Mitengo ya mbatata yamasika

Masamba oterewa amatha masiku 115-120 mutabzala. Mitundu imeneyi imapindulitsa kwambiri. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mapuloteni, zolimba ndi wowuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokoma kwambiri. Mbatata iyi imasungidwa bwino ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyengo yozizira. Mitundu yotereyi imabzalidwa m'madera akum'mwera. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata ndi:

1. Mbewu yozungulira meta ndi nyama yachikasu, zokolola zambiri ndi kukana matenda.
2. Chisudzo - msuzi wachikasu, mnofu woyera wa mizu yozungulira.
3. Matveevsky - ndi tuber ndi kirimu zamkati ndi khungu loyera. Iwo amakana ndi khansa ndi matenda ena.

Mitundu yambiri yamatenda

Kuchokera ku mbatata, mungathe kukonza mbale zosiyanasiyana, kotero ndikofunikira kukula pa malo osangalatsa a mbatata, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:

1. Bellarosa ndi mitundu yoyambirira yakucha. Nthawi ya zomera imatenga masiku 45 mpaka 60, choncho kumadera akum'mwera mungakolole mbewu ziwiri za masamba. Tubers wofiira khungu ndi thupi lofewa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa, yopanda chilala komanso chitetezo cha mthupi ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
2. Gala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kucha. Amakula pazomwe kuli nyengo. Ali ndi zokolola zambiri komanso kukana matenda . Mizu ndi beige khungu ndi yowala chikasu mthupi mwangwiro anasungidwa.
3. Picasso ndi mochedwa mosiyanasiyana, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi zokolola zambiri. Thumba liri lachikasu ndipo lili ndi ubweya wonyezimira komanso khungu lochepa.

Kololani mitundu ya mbatata

Poto imodzi ya mbatata ikhoza kutenga pafupifupi 1 makilogalamu a tubers, kwa mitundu yayikuluyi chiwerengerochi chikhoza kufika 3 makilogalamu. Komabe, wina ayenera kukumbukira kuti ambiri mumzu wa mbewu akhoza kukolola zaka 2-3 zoyambirira, ndipo izi zosiyanasiyana zimayamba kuchepa ndipo zokolola zake zimadumpha. Amaluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti mbatata zambiri zimakhala ndi masamba a chibadwidwe cha Dutch, komabe zambiri zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Pakati pawo, zotsatirazi zikuwonekera:

• Mwayi;
• Nevsky;
• Zhukovsky oyambirira;
• Udder;
• Mphepo yamoto ndi ena ambiri.

Mitundu yabwino ya mbatata

Aliyense wa ife ali ndi malingaliro ake pa mbatata zabwino. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mbatata zabwino kwambiri ndizo zomwe zimaphika bwino. Ena amakonda mbatata yomwe ikhoza kuwedzeredwa, ndipo yachitatu ndiyo yabwino kwambiri yosasamala. Choncho tiyeni tiwone mitundu yambiri ya mbatata yomwe imatanthawuzira izi kapena mbale:

1. Kwa mbatata yosenda bwino ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito Sin-Eyes, Temp, Snow White, Asterix, Kuwala.
2. Kukazinga, mbatata Sante, Mtsogoleri, Concord, Mpambano, Filatovsky ndi abwino.
3. Kwa saladi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu Annushka, Aladdin, Carrera, Rumba, Sifra.

Mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata

Odyetsa nthawi zonse amayambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya mbatata, yokoma ndi yotsutsa matenda. Ngati mukufuna kuyesa imodzi mwa zinthu zatsopanozi, muyenera kumvetsera izi:

1. Levada . Iyi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata ndi masiku a masiku 105. Ali ndi pinki yapamwamba yokhala ndi mapira okoma. Zingakulire m'madera osiyanasiyana ndikukhala ndi zokolola zabwino.
2. Samara. Gulu lapafupi lakale. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Frying ndi kuphika. Osati kutentha ndi chilala, ali ndi khalidwe labwino la kusunga.
3. Vitalot. Mbatata iyi yomwe ili ndi mdima wandiweyani komanso nyama yofiirira. Zosiyana ndi mochedwa, kotero izo zasungidwa mwangwiro. Amapanga purce yokoma ya mtundu wofiirira.