Matenda opatsirana - mndandanda wa matenda owopsa kwambiri komanso kupewa matenda

Matenda opatsirana ndiwo matenda ambiri. Malingana ndi chiwerengero, munthu aliyense ali ndi matenda opatsirana kamodzi pachaka. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matendawa ndikumasiyana kwawo, kupatsirana kwakukulu ndi kukana zinthu zina.

Chizindikiro cha matenda opatsirana

Mndandanda wa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito momwe kachilombo ka HIV imafalikira kawirikawiri: mafunde, amphongo, olankhula, apakhomo, opatsirana, ogwirizana, opatsirana. Matenda ena akhoza kugwirizana ndi magulu osiyanasiyana panthawi imodzimodzi, chifukwa akhoza kufalitsidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kumalo amodzi, malo opatsirana amagawidwa m'magulu anayi:

1. Matenda opatsirana opatsirana, omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi kuchuluka m'matumbo. Matenda a gululi akuphatikizapo: salmonellosis, malungo a typhoid, kamwazi, kolera, botulism.
2. Matenda a njira ya kupuma, imene mucous membrane ya nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi ndi mapapu imakhudzidwa. Iyi ndiyo gulu lofala kwambiri la matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa mliliwu chaka chilichonse. Gululi limaphatikizapo: ARVI, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chiwindi, diphtheria, nkhuku, nkhumba.
3. Matenda a khungu amagawidwa mwa kugwira. Izi zikuphatikizapo: rabies, tetanasi, anthrax, erysipelas.
4. Matenda a magazi, opatsirana ndi tizilombo komanso kudzera mwachinyengo. Wothandizira khansa amakhala ndi mitsempha ndi magazi. Kuwopsa kwa magazi ndi: typhus, mliri, hepatitis B, encephalitis.

Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana

Matenda opatsirana ali ndi zinthu zambiri. Mu matenda opatsirana osiyanasiyana, izi zimadziwonetsera okha mu madigirii osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kusiyana kwa nkhuku kumatha kufika 90%, ndipo chitetezo cha m'magazi chimapangidwira moyo, pamene matendawa a ARVI ndi pafupifupi 20% ndipo amachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi nthawi yayitali. Kawirikawiri matenda onse opatsirana ndi awa:

1. Kutenga, komwe kungayambitse mliri ndi mliri.
2. Kuchuluka kwa njira ya matenda: nthawi ya makulitsidwe, maonekedwe a matendawa, nthawi yovuta, kuchepa kwa matenda, kuchira.
3. Zizindikiro zowonjezereka zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi, malaise ambiri, kuzizira, mutu.
4. Kupanga chitetezo cha mthupi mosiyana ndi matenda.

Zifukwa za matenda opatsirana

Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: mavairasi, mabakiteriya, prions ndi bowa, komabe, nthawi zonse, kulowa kwa wothandizira wodetsa kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matendawa. Pankhaniyi, zinthu ngati izi zidzakhala zofunika:

• Ndi matenda ati opatsirana omwe amachiza matenda;
• ndi antchito angati omwe alowa mu thupi;
• Kodi poizoni wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chiyani?
• Kodi chikhalidwe chonse cha thupi ndi chikhalidwe cha thupi la munthu ndi chiyani?

Nyengo za matenda opatsirana

Kuchokera nthawi yomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi ndipo mpaka nthawi yowonongeka imatenga nthawi. Panthawi imeneyi munthu amatha kupyolera mu nthawi zotere za matenda opatsirana:

1. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi nthawi pakati pa kulowa kwa wothandizira wodetsa m'thupi ndi kuyamba kwa kuchita kwake. Nthawiyi imakhala pakati pa maola angapo mpaka zaka zingapo, koma nthawi zambiri masiku 2-3.
2. Nthawi yowonjezereka imakhala ndi maonekedwe a zizindikiro komanso zojambula zosawonetsera zachipatala.
3. Nthawi ya chitukuko cha matendawa , momwe zizindikiro za matendawa zimakula.
4. Nthawi yotentha , imene zizindikirozo zimawonekera mowala momwe zingathere.
5. Nthawi yotha - zizindikiro zimachepa, chikhalidwe chimakula.
6. Eksodo. Kawirikawiri ndikumachira - kutayika kwathunthu kwa zizindikiro za matenda. Zotsatira zake zingakhalenso zosiyana: kusintha kwa mawonekedwe osatha, imfa, kubwereranso.

Kufalikira kwa matenda opatsirana

Matenda opatsirana amafalitsidwa motere:

1. Kutayira mpweya - pozembera, kutsokomola, pamene maphala a saliva omwe ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amayambitsidwa ndi munthu wathanzi. Mwa njira iyi, pali kufalikira kwakukulu kwa matenda opatsirana pakati pa anthu.
2. Mankhusu-olankhula - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalitsidwa kudzera mu zakudya zonyansa, manja onyenga.
3. Nkhani - kupatsirana kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika kudzera muzinthu zapanyumba, mbale, tilu, zovala, makina oyala.
4. Chitsimikizo choyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo.
5. Kuyankhulana - kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika chifukwa chogonana ndi magazi.
6. Transplacental - amayi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amapatsira kachilombo kwa mwanayo mu utero.

Kuzindikira matenda opatsirana

Popeza mitundu ya matenda opatsirana ndi yochulukirapo komanso yambiri, madokotala amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zovuta zogwiritsira ntchito zachipatala komanso za laboratory kuti athe kupeza matenda oyenera. Pa nthawi yoyamba yowunika, ntchito yofunika kwambiri imasewera ndi anamnesis: mbiri ya matenda akale ndi izi, zikhalidwe za moyo ndi ntchito. Pambuyo pofufuza, kupanga anamnesis ndi kuyambitsa matenda oyamba, dokotalayo akufotokoza kafukufuku wa labotale. Malingana ndi kuyembekezera kwa matenda, zikhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi mayeso a magazi, mayesero a maselo ndi mayeso a khungu.

Matenda Opatsirana - Lembani

Matenda opatsirana ndi atsogoleri pakati pa matenda onse. Agulu a matendawa ndi mavairasi osiyanasiyana, mabakiteriya, bowa, prions ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda akuluakulu opatsirana ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu. Ambiri ndi matenda opatsirana:

• matenda opatsirana m'munsi;
• matenda a m'mimba;
• ARVI;
• HIV;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• hepatitis B;
• kamwazi ;
• Candidiasis;
• toxoplasmosis;
• salmonellosis.

Matenda a bakiteriya a mndandanda wa anthu

Matenda a bakiteriya amafalitsidwa kudzera mu nyama zodwala, munthu wodwala, zakudya zonyansa, zinthu ndi madzi. Iwo agawidwa mu mitundu itatu:

1. Matenda a m'mimba. Amakonda kwambiri m'chilimwe. Zimayambitsa mabakiteriya a mtundu wa Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli. Matenda a m'mimba ndi awa: typhoid fever, paratyphoid, chakudya toxicinfection, minofu, escherichiosis, campylobacteriosis.
2. Matenda opatsirana opuma. Iwo amapezeka m'zipinda zozizira ndipo zingakhale zovuta za matendawa: FLU ndi ARVI. Matenda a bakiteriya a m'mapapo opuma ali: angina, matonillitis, sinusitis, tracheitis, epiglottitis, chibayo.
3. Matenda a kutuluka kunja kwa streptococci ndi staphylococci. Matendawa amatha chifukwa cha bakiteriya owopsa kwa khungu kuchokera kunja kapena chifukwa cha kuphwanya mabakiteriya a khungu. Kwa matendawa a gulu ili: impetigo, carbuncles, furuncles, erysipelas.

Matenda a chiwindi - lembani

Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi otetezeka kwambiri. Gwero la matenda ndi kachilombo kochokera kwa munthu wodwala kapena nyama. Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amakula mofulumira ndipo amatha kufalitsa anthu m'madera ambiri, omwe amachititsa mliri ndi mliri. Amadziwonetsera mokwanira m'nyengo ya masika, yomwe imakhudzana ndi nyengo ndipo imafooketsa zamoyo za anthu. Matenda khumi omwe amafala kwambiri ndi awa:

• ARVI;
• fuluwenza ;
• rabies;
• nkhuku;
• chiwindi;
• matenda a cytomegalovirus ;
• herpes simplex;
• matenda opatsirana a mononucleosis;
• rubella;
• chibayo cha chibayo .

Matenda a fungal

Matenda opatsirana amtundu wa khungu amafalitsidwa kudzera mwachindunji komanso kudzera mu zinthu zonyansa ndi zovala. Matenda ambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana, kotero kuti matenda a khungu amafunika kuti afotokoze matendawa. Matendawa amodzi ndi awa:

• Candidiasis;
• keratomycosis: lichen ndi trichosporia;
• dermatomycosis: mycosis, favus;
• pyoderma : furunculosis, zilonda zam'mimba;
• exanthema: papilloma ndi herpes.

Matenda a protozoal

Matenda a protozoal ndi matenda owopsa chifukwa cha parasitic protozoa. Zina mwa matenda opatsirana ndizofala: amoebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis ndi malungo. Onyamula matendawa ndi zinyama, ziweto, udzudzu wa malarial, ntchentche za Tzece. Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ofanana ndi matenda a m'mimba komanso oopsa, koma nthawi zina matendawa amatha kupita popanda zizindikiro. Kuti tifotokoze za matendawa, kafukufuku wa labotolo wa nyansi zofiira, mitsempha ya magazi kapena mkodzo ndi zofunika.

Matenda a Prion

Pakati pa matenda a prion, matenda ena amachilomboka. Mapuloteni, mapuloteni omwe amasintha, amalowa m'thupi limodzi ndi zakudya zowonongeka, kupyolera mu manja osasamba, zipangizo zachipatala zopanda kanthu, madzi owonongeka m'mabwato. Matenda opatsirana a Prion ndi matenda akuluakulu omwe samadzipereka okha kuchipatala. Izi zikuphatikiziranso: matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kuru, matenda osabereka m'banja, Gerstman-Straussler-Sheinker matenda. Matenda a Prion amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha ndi ubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a maganizo.

Matenda owopsa kwambiri

Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi opatsirana omwe ali ndi mwayi wowonongeka ndi magawo ochepa peresenti. Matenda asanu oopsa kwambiri ndi awa:

1. Matenda a Kreutzfeldt-Jakob, kapena matenda osokoneza bongo. Matendawa amayamba kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kuumunthu, amatsogolera ku ubongo ndi imfa.
2. HIV. Vuto la immunodeficiency silimwalira mpaka litadutsa ku gawo lotsatira - Edzi .
3. Amayi. Kuchiza matenda ndiko kotheka ndi katemera, mpaka zizindikiro za matenda a chiwewe atuluke . Maonekedwe a zizindikiro amasonyeza kuti imfa yayandikira.
4. Kutentha kwa thupi. Izi zikuphatikizapo gulu la matenda otentha, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndipo samachiritsidwa.
5. Mliriwu. Matendawa, omwe adayambitsa mayiko onse, tsopano sapezeka ndipo angathe kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo. Mitundu ina yokha ya mliri ndi yoopsa.

Kupewa matenda opatsirana

Kupewa matenda opatsirana kumaphatikizapo zigawozi:

1. Limbikitsani chitetezo cha thupi. Ngati chitetezo cha munthu chimakhala champhamvu, nthawi zambiri iye amadwala ndikuchiza mofulumira. Kuti muchite izi, nkofunika kutsogolera moyo wathanzi, kudya bwino, kusewera masewera, kupuma mokwanira, yesetsani kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Zotsatira zabwino zowonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi zimakhala zovuta.
2. Katemera. Pa nthawi ya matenda, zotsatira zabwino zimapereka katemera wokhudzana ndi malungo. Katemera wa matenda ena (chimfine, mawere, rubella, diphtheria, tetanasi) amaphatikizapo ndondomeko yoyenera katemera.
3. Chitetezo chothandizira. Ndikofunika kupewa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo pazodwala, nthawi zambiri kusamba m'manja.