Ngakhale chomera chodzichepetsa kwambiri chimafuna chidziwitso cha pulayimale za sayansi yaulimi. Ndipo monga masamba monga kabichi, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera pansi, zomwe sizikusowa khama lalikulu, zimayenera kuyang'anitsitsa. Kukhazikitsa nthawi potsatira malamulo onse, chisamaliro chosamalitsa - ichi ndicho chinsinsi cholima bwino kabichi m'munda. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane momwe tingapezere kukolola bwino.
Kubzala kabichi
Pali zina zomwe muyenera kuziganizira. Mmene mungamere kabichi panja:
- Kabichi woyera monga nthaka yonyowa, malo oti akule ayenera kusankhidwa kwinakwake kumtunda.
- Kabichi amafuna kuwala, malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala dzuwa.
- Ali ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri, kotero simungathe kukolola kabichi pabedi lomwelo m'zaka zingapo.
Musanafike, ndi bwino kukonzekera bwino nthaka. Mu September, dzikolo liyenera kukumbidwa bwino, kuchoka pansi pamtunda kuti likhale losafunika, kuti liwononge kabichi. M'chaka, nthaka yowumayo imayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi thandizo la rakes. Kenaka kabichi, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumabzalidwa kumbuyo komwe kukufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi kubzala kabichi poyera pansi mbande?
Mbande zoyenera kubzala zimangotengedwa ngati zili ndi masamba 5-7, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 12-20 masentimita kwa mitundu yoyamba ya kabichi woyera, masamba 4-6 ndi 15-20 masentimita okhwimitsa nthawi ndi nthawi. Kuphika kabichi pamalo otseguka kumachitidwa mozama mpaka tsamba loyamba, ndipo muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kukula kumene kubzala sikukuphimbidwa ndi dothi. Kubzala mbande za kabichi ndi kofunika madzulo, kapena kuti nyengo yamitambo, kuti dzuwa lisamawononge maluwa.
Kutalikirana pakati pa kabichi mbande potseguka pansi
Poganizira mmene mungadzalemo kabichi panja ndi mbande, chinthu choyamba kuganizira ndi kukula kwa masamba. Ngati mukudziwa mozama momwe kukula kwake kudzakhalira, ndi kosavuta kuwerengera chiwembu - ndibwino kuti tipeze mtunda wa pakati pa tchire muwiri ngati mutu wa diameter. Ndondomeko zowonjezereka, monga kabichi akukhala, kuti kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera kumakhala kosavuta, ndi 50х50 cm, 40х40 cm, 50х40 cm, 70х30 cm.
Kutentha kwa mmera kabichi mbande poyera pansi
Chotsatira cha kukula kabichi woyera kumadalira nthawi yobzala mbande. Pa gulu lirilonse, lidzakhala losiyana, chinthu chokha chofunika kuziganizira ndicho kutentha kwa nyengo. Kudzala kabichi kumbali yoyenera pansi mbande ziyenera kupangidwa ngati kutentha kwa usana kumakhala madigiri 12-14.
Momwe mungamere kabichi panja ndi mbewu?
Ngati simukufuna kukonzekera mbande zokwanira, mukhoza kukula kabichi panja kuchokera ku mbewu. Pankhaniyi, mbeu zimakhala pansi. Lamulo lofunika kwambiri loti mubzale kabichi pamtunda ndilozomera pang'ono, 1.5-3 masentimita. Pambuyo pakuwonekera, kabichi iyenera kuyengedwa, kusiya mtunda pakati pa tchire 40 cm. Kabichi lokha, kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera sizimasiyana kulima masamba mu njira ya mmera.
Maganizo obzala kabichi
Nthawi imene kabbaji ikhoza kubzalidwa pambali ndi mbewu ziyenera kukhala zoyambirira, mwinamwake zidzakwera kutentha kwa nyengo, ndipo dzuwa lotentha, mwachiwonekere, silingalole kabichi kuti imere mu chinyontho. Dera lokwanira lodzala mbewu za kabichi - woyamba wa April, zotheka kukasupe chisanu chifukwa chasafa.
Kukula kabichi yoyera pamalo otseguka
Ngati mulibe chidziwitso cha chilimwe, ndipo mumanyalanyaza funso la momwe mungamerekere kabichi panja, musataye mtima - kumusamalira si ntchito yopweteka, ngakhale mphunzitsi akhoza kuthana ndi ntchitoyi mosavuta. Koma pali malamulo ena ofunikira, olimbitsa mwamphamvu omwe angakupatseni zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zomwe mukuchita.
Dothi la kabichi panja
Ndikofunika kuti nthaka pansi pa kabichi pamalo otseguka ndi ofewa, osasunthika komanso osakanikirana, choncho ndi bwino kumusankha malo mu dziko popanda miyala, mchenga ndi zina. Mfundo ina yofunika kwambiri yosamalira - kumasula nthaka kubzala kabichi. Ziribe kanthu momwe nthakayo ilili yabwino, kamodzi kamodzi pa masiku khumi ndiyomwe nkofunikira kumasula izo kuzungulira chitsamba, kuzidzaza ndi mpweya.
Kusamalira kabichi panja
Kusamalira zomera kumakhala kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka, ubwino wokhala ndi umuna wabwino, ulimi wothirira bwino, komanso kusamba bwino - namsongole ayenera kutsukidwa mwamsanga. Zina zonse zofunika kuzigwira kabichi pamalo otseguka, timalingalira mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi mungamwetse kabichi panja?
Nthaka yofewa ndi yonyowa kwambiri ndi lamulo loti munthu azikula bwino, komanso kuthirira kabichi pamalo omasuka ayenera kuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimalola kuti madzi asapangidwe bwino. Ngakhale ndi kusoŵa kwa madzi ndi chinyezi, kabichi ikhoza kukhala yowuma ndipo imasiya kukula, ndipo kuthirira bwino nthawi zambiri sikungathetse vutoli.
Koma pa siteji pamene mbande zimangobzala pakhomo, palinso malamulo ena - omwe amawadyera zitsamba zambiri kuthirira ndi zoopsa ndipo zidzatsogolera kuwonongeka kwawo ndi imfa. Choncho, nthawi yoyamba yobzala nthaka iyenera kukhala yocheperapo, komanso nthawi, pamene kabichi imayamba kukula, imayenera kupereka madzi tsiku ndi tsiku.
Top kuvala kabichi panja
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka popanda zakudya zabwino, zimakhala zovuta kuyendetsa, ndipo kabichi yoyera si chinthu chapadera. Pakukula kobiriwira, ndikofunika kupereka chomeracho ndi nitrogen yokwanira, ndipo kabichi ikapangidwa, kabichi yoyera imasowa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.
Malamulo oyambirira, kusiyana ndi kudyetsa kabichi panja:
- Manyowa amalowa mu fossa mutabzala. Njira yoyamba yodyetsera ndi yovuta kusakaniza, imafunikira 0,5 makilogalamu a humus kapena kompositi , supuni 1 ya supphosphate ndi supuni 2 za phulusa, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsime. Njira yachiwiri ndi yosakaniza yosakaniza, yomwe mumasowa humus kapena manyowa ambiri ndi supuni zitatu za phulusa, sakanizani zosakaniza ndi nthaka ndikuziika m'mabowo.
- Yoyamba kudyetsa kabichi. Ngati mabowo akufika atadzazidwa, mukhoza kuwusika. Chakudya choyamba chiyenera kukhala ndi feteleza ambiri omwe amathandiza kuti akule msanga.
- Mbewu yachiwiri ya feteleza imachitika pakatha masabata awiri (masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu) pambuyo pa yoyamba, ming'alu ya feteleza yochokera ku Mullein kapena manyowa amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Kwa kabichi ya mitundu yotsatira, chakudya chachitatu ndi chachinayi chimachitika, chomwe chimaphatikizapo sulfuric acid potaziyamu ndi phulusa - sizowonjezeratu feteleza, koma zimathandizanso kuti tizirombo tiziyenda bwino. Pamwamba pa kuvala ndi chitetezo panthawi imodzi, shrubbery ndi strewn ndi phulusa. Ndi bwino kuchita izi m'mawa kapena nthawi iliyonse ya mvula itatha mvula, kotero kuti phulusa likhalebe pa masamba.
Momwe mungapange kabichi panja?
Kusamalira kabichi kumatanthauzanso kuthandizira chitsamba kupanga mutu, ndipo fungulo ndi kutentha kwabwino kwakulera. Pofuna kupanga kabichi, kubzala ndi kusamalira pamalo omasuka ayenera kukhala mukutentha kwapakati - 14 mpaka madigiri 14 mpaka nthawi ya kukula kwa chitsamba. Ngati kutentha kumakhala madigiri 25, mapangidwe a mutu angasokonezedwe, zomwe zingakhudze zokolola.
Mulching kabichi panja
Kuphatikizira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosamalira zomera, ndikuthandizira kwambiri pa webusaitiyi. Dothi liyenera kukonzekera m'dzinja - mitsuko ya kabichi yam'tsogolo ikakhala ndi udzu mutatha kubzala, humus akhoza kutsanulira kuchokera pamwamba, nthaka imalandira feteleza m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo masika salola kuti namsongole amere.
Nthawi yokwanira yobzala, kabichi imabzalidwa ndi mbande, kulima ndi kuyamwitsa kumachitika mu nthaka yofewa, yonyowa. Kubzala mbande mu nthaka yochuluka ndi yophweka - mumangofunika kufalitsa udzu, pangani dzenje ndikudzaza chitsamba ndi malamulo onse ndi nthaka ndi udzu. Pakukula, mbande sizisiyana ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa kawirikawiri, kupatulapo mfundo zofunikira - nthaka imakhala ndi chinyezi nthawi yambiri, yomwe imalola kuthirira nyemba nthawi zambiri, ndipo vuto la namsongole limatha kwathunthu - udzu suwalola kuti ziphuke.
Kuphatikizana sikungaphatikizepo kusowa kwa feteleza. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito udzu, udzu, utuchi, ndi masamba a mitengo. Mulimonse momwe mungasankhire, kabichi yomwe imakonda chinyezi, kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa pamalo otseguka pambuyo pake, yakhala yosavuta kwambiri.
Matenda a kabichi panja
Mofanana ndi zomera zina zomwe zimalima, nyemba kabichi nthawi zina imadwala, m'matendawa amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Matenda a kabichi amatha kupha mbewu zonse, aliyense wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe ayenera kudziwa za otchuka kwambiri.
- Kila. Matendawa kumanja angatchedwe koopsa kabichi. Pamizu ya mbande, kukula kumapangidwa, ndipo chifukwa chake, mizu yonse imasinthasintha. Ndi zophweka kwambiri kugonjetsa nkhundu - ngati mupeza zomera zowumitsa zomwe zikutsalira m'mbuyo mwa kukula kapena kufa, nthawi yomweyo zichotseni m'nthaka, ndikuwaza ndi mandimu.
- Mame akuda a kabichi. Matendawa amakhudza zomera zazing'ono nthawi zambiri, zimatha kuzizindikira ndi masamba, omwe amawoneka imvi kapena achikasu pogwira pansi. Chithandizo chimapangidwa ndi boric acid (njira ya 500 ml pa 10 malita a madzi).
- Fusarium. Matenda owopsa kwambiri a kabichi mbande, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuzindikira ndi mawanga a chikasu pakati pa mitsempha ya masamba, pang'onopang'ono tsamba lonse limakhala lokasu ndipo limauma. Potsatira maziko a ovulala kabichi, mabala a bulauni amatha kuzindikira, ndipo mutu nthawi zambiri ndi waung'ono ndipo umatenga mawonekedwe osasintha. Chotsani matendawa ndizotheka pokhapokha mutachotsa masamba okhudzidwawo.
Kusamalidwa koyeneranso kumayenera kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingasokoneze zokolola zonse.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tomwe timapezeka m'munsi mwa tsamba ndikumwa madzi a zomera, kuwononga chitsamba. N'zosavuta kuzindikira tizilombo tomwe timataya pang'onopang'ono kutaya mtundu wawo, kupiringa ndi kufota. Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pa kabichi, zimagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - mwachitsanzo, Carbofos, Iskra, fumigation ndi fodya zingathandize, kuthirira ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhusu kapena anyezi.
- Kabichi ntchentche. Kuwoneka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ndi ntchentche wamba, choncho zingakhale zovuta kuzizindikira. Kumapeto kwa kasupe, ntchentche imaika mazira pansi, ndipo patatha masiku 7-8, mphutsi zimadya mizu. Zindikirani tizilombo mosavuta pofota tchire, masamba otsika amapeza mtundu wakuda. Pofuna kuteteza ntchentche, 30% ya Thiophos imagwiritsidwa ntchito - Kukonzekera kumadzipukutidwa ndi madzi, chiwerengero chake ndi 0.03%, ndipo chitsamba chimodzi ndi 250 magalamu.