Pakati pa wamaluwa, munda wa gerbera ndi wotchuka, kubzala ndi kusamalira kungatheke pakhomo ndi ponseponse ndikufuna kukhazikitsa malamulo ena. Chomeracho chimaonedwa kuti ndi cham'mimba ndipo popanda kuwona agrotechnics ndi zovuta kupeza kuwala kokongola masamba.
Kodi gerbera wamunda amawoneka bwanji?
Maluwa okongola otchedwa gerbera ndi osatha chikhalidwe ndifupikitsa tsinde ndi rosette wa kwambiri alongated masamba ndi ndondomeko nsonga. Zipatso zake zazikulu, zokongola kwambiri zimakhala ndi madengu ambirimbiri okhala ndi chikasu, chofanana ndi chamomile. Mtundu wa soketi ndiwo wosiyana kwambiri - kuyambira woyera mpaka wofiirira (kupatulapo buluu). Kutalika kwa tchire kufika 30-50 masentimita, kutalika kwake kwa corolla ndi masentimita 15. Gerbera munda wamaluwa kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, nthawiyi mpaka 20 masamba amapangidwa pa chitsanzo chimodzi. Maluwa obiriwira omwe amawotchera maonekedwe amatha kutaya nthawi yaitali.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munda wa gerbera
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 ya gerberas, yosiyana ndi kukula ndi mitundu ya madengu, igawidwa m'magulu akulu awiri - ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi aang'ono. Mitundu yotchuka:
- Jameson - kholo la mitundu yonse. Gerbera iyi imapindula makamaka m'munda, chifukwa imakhala ndi tsinde lalikulu ndi lalikulu - mpaka masentimita 15. Mitunduyo ndi yosiyana, madengu ndi terry, zosavuta kapena zoboola za singano;
- Wright - wamkulu chifukwa kudula ndi kulenga bouquets, maluwa mpaka ozizira;
- Abisssinia , kunja mofanana ndi chamomile - zoyera ndi maziko achikasu;
- Mitundu yaing'ono yowonongeka, monga Alcor ndi mtundu wa chitumbuwa chakuda ndi Aldebaran ndi dengu lofiira la pinki;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya America yotchedwa Vega kapena Migar yokhala ndi pinki pinki;
- Mitambo yayikulu-yoboola mitundu- Mars ndi yofiira kwambiri ya inflorescences;
- Mitundu ikuluikulu ndi masamba akulu - Delios , Peter , Romeo ;
- matry ndi theka-mitundu iŵiri yokhala ndi mapafupi - Kalinka , Sonia , Viola ;
- Mitundu ikuluikulu yamtundu ndi yamitundu iŵiri yokhala ndi mbali zazikulu - Mdima wofiira wamdima;
- Mitundu yomwe ili ndi chida chakuda - Vincent kapena Arendgost ndi otchuka kwambiri .
Gerala yam'munda - kubwera
Maluwa okongoletsera ndi ojambula zithunzi, kubzala ndi kusamalira kumachitika m'malo omwe dzuwa limatulukira kwa nthawi yaitali. Kenaka duwa silidzatambasulidwa kwambiri, lidzafika kukula komwe likufunikanso ndi mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pofuna kubzala gerbera m'munda, kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa kumachitika ndi mbewu kupyolera mu mbande. Pambuyo pake, ngati mutayika mbewu mwachindunji, iwo sangakhale ndi nthawi yokhala ndi chisanu ndi kufa. Ndi mbeu yoberekera, mbeuyo imasiyana ndi kholo lake. Kukonzekera kwa mphukira kumayamba m'chaka.
Mmene mungabzalitse gerberas m'munda?
Mmene mungamere mbewu yamunda yosadulidwa ya gerbera:
- Chomera chabwino kwambiri ndi tsamba, turf ndi humus mu ndondomeko ya 1: 2: 1;
- Mbeu zafesedwa m'nthaka, kutentha kwake komwe sikuli zosachepera 18 ° C, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate;
- Kufesa kumachitika mu bokosi lapadera. Pa gawo lapansi perekani mbewu, kuwaza peat, kuphimba ndi galasi, kupanga zinthu kwa mini-wowonjezera kutentha;
- kubzala wothira madzi ofunda ndi mpweya tsiku lililonse;
- Pa tsiku 8 mbewu zimere, ndiye galasi ikhoza kuchotsedwa;
- pamene mbewu zimamera m'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kwina ndi nyali za fulorosenti kumaperekedwa;
- pamene masamba 3-4 amawoneka pa iwo, mphukira zimasinthidwa kukhala miphika yotsalira;
- pamene mbande imalimbikitsidwa ndipo masamba 4-5 amawoneka pa iwo, akhoza kuikidwa pamalo osatha. Mukamabzala, nkofunika kupewa kukulitsa khosi muzu.
Kulima nthawi gerberas m'munda
Ngati mukufuna kuti gerbera yachitsamba ikhale pachimake pa malo, kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa kumachitika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Meyi kapena kumayambiriro kwa June pa bedi kapena bedi, poopsezedwa ndi chisanu. Nthaka panthawi ino iyenera kukhala yotenthedwa kale. Mbeu zikukonzekera mu March-April. Ndipotu, maluwa a munda wamaluwa amatha kubzalidwa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, popeza mbande imakula m'nyumba. Nthawi imasankhidwa kuwerengera kuti masamba oyambirira adzawoneka mu miyezi 10-11. Kubzala msanga kwa mbeu kumtunda kumachepetsa nthawi ya maluwa.
Gerberas m'munda - kulima ndi kusamalira
Chikhalidwe ndi wachikondi komanso thermophilic, sichimalola chisanu. Mmene mungamere gerberas m'munda:
- Kumadera akummwera m'nyengo yozizira, chitsamba chimadzaza ndi masamba aakulu kapena masamba owuma. M'chaka, chipale chofewa chikutsika, zakuthupi ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
- Kumadera ozizira kumapeto kwa mwezi wa September, gerbera ikhoza kufufuzidwa pamodzi ndi mtanda mu mphika ndi madzi abwino m'nyengo yonse yozizira. Ikani chidebe chimene mukuchifuna pamalo ouma ndi ozizira, mungathe kuchipinda. Izi ndizofunikira, chifukwa mu nyengo yovuta, chophimba pamatope sichidzapulumutsa gerbera.
- Amachulukitsa chomera mwa kugawa chitsamba ali ndi zaka 3-4. Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika mu April mu May. Pa nthawi yomweyo, achokerani timapepala tating'ono 2-3 pa gawo lirilonse. Bzalani tchire kuti rosettes ikhalepo masentimita 1.5 pamwamba pa nthaka. Kutentha pa tchire zatsopano kudzawonekera mu chaka.
Munda wa munda wa gerbera
Zokongoletsera munda wa gerberas chifukwa chofuna kukolola nthaka yobala bwino yomwe imakhala yonyowa kwambiri. Kubzala, mukhoza kukonzekera kusakaniza nokha, kutenga mbali zofanana za peat, masamba ndi mchenga. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera pini pang'ono kapena matabwa a mtengo ku gawo lapansi, lomwe lidzasokoneza chisakanizocho. Mukhoza kugula zopangira zokonzeka m'masitolo kuti apeze duwa - izo zimagwirizana kwambiri.
Garden maluwa gerbera - kuthirira
Pa kukula kwa maluwa, akusowa ulimi wothirira. Munda wa Gerbera - chisamaliro choyenera mwa kuthirira:
- Kutsekemera kumayenera kukhala koyenela - osayanika, palibe madzi okwanira nthaka sayenera kuloledwa. Ngati mulibe okwanira pamasamba, masamba owuma, pamene owonjezera - zimayambira kuvunda.
- Kutha kwa maluwa kumatha kuchepa, koma n'zosatheka kulekerera kuyanika kwa mizu.
- Pakuthirira, tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa bwino kuti madzi akugwa pansi pazu koma sakhalabe masamba, sanathamangire. Izi zingachititse kuwonongeka kwa mphukira ndi imfa ya chomera.
- Kuthirira ndi madzi atayima kutentha, chitsamba chozizira chingadwale ndikuvunda.
- M'nyengo yotentha, korona ikhoza kupopedwa nthawi zonse.
Gerala yamaluwa - zina feteleza
Maluwawo amakula mwakuya, amafunika kuvala pamwamba ndikusiya. Munda wa Gerbera - kusamalira ndi kudyetsa:
- Kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, chomeracho chimamera. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wamchere mchere ndi zida zonse zofotokozera. Panthawi ya zomera zowonongeka, kudzipangira kumalimbikitsa kukula mwakhama komanso maluwa ochulukirapo.
- Kudyetsa kumapangidwa kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn, kuyambira mwezi wa September iwo amachepetsedwa kamodzi pa mwezi, pakuti nyengo yachisanu imayima konse.
- Zimatsutsana kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito monga chlorine, akavalo, nkhuku kapena ndowe. Zimakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha gerbera ndipo zimayambitsa matenda.
Maluwa amaluwa a gerberas - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Galabera yamaluwa okongoletsera, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zimapangidwa kutseguka pansi, zimawoneka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Wogwira ntchitoyo amayenera kuonetsetsa kuti akusamalira bwino kuti asunge maonekedwe abwino. Mavuto aakulu pa kulima:
- Kutaya khosi. Chifukwa chake ndi bowa m'nthaka ndi madzi. Monga njira yokhazikitsira, ikufunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yowonongeka bwino ndikuwonetsetsa ulimi wothirira.
- Powdery mildew. Kuphimba koyera pamasamba kumakhudza magerberas akakula m'munda kutentha kwa chilimwe kutentha. Chitetezeni ndi kuchira kwa izo zikhoza kukhala ndi mankhwala ophera fungicidal opangidwa ndi sulfure - "Topaz" kapena "Fundazol."
- Grey kuvunda. Maonekedwe ake amachititsa kuti chinyontho chiwonjezere, matendawa amakhudza mizu. Pewani zovunda ndi kukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, "Fitosporin" kapena "Roval". Kukonza chitsamba ndi kofunikira molondola - kugunda pa masamba yankho limayambitsa mapangidwe oipa. Njira yothetsera vutoli ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ndi kupewa.
- Nsabwe za m'masamba, kangaude . Mafinya amatha kufa imfa. Maonekedwe a maonekedwe awo ndi chikasu cha masamba, kuchotsa maluwa. Mukhoza kusunga zomera ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.