Cirrhosis ya chiwindi, zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana siziri zofanana, ndi matenda aakulu. Matendawa amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mankhwala osayenera kapena kunyalanyaza matendawa akhoza kufa.
Kodi chiwindi ndi chiani?
Ndi matendawa, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi kumachitika. Imawononga zida zathanzi ndikuziika ndi fibrous fibers. Kumalo kumalo kumapangidwira mapangidwe osiyana siyana, omwe amasintha kapangidwe kake. Chiwindi cha chiwindi cha chiwindi sichisonyeza zizindikiro nthawi yoyamba, koma njira zosasinthika zakhala zikuyamba m'thupi. Chotsatirachi chimawonongeke kwambiri pa umoyo waumunthu.
Kodi chisokonezo chimadziwika bwanji padziko lonse lapansi? Ngati mumakhulupirira ziŵerengero, matendawa amatenga pafupifupi 300,000 anthu chaka chilichonse. Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti pali kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa imfa. Kwa amuna, matenda amapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa amayi. Zizindikiro za cirrhosis zimapereka zaka zosiyana, koma monga lamulo, anthu amavutika ndi matenda makumi anai.
Cirrhosis - zifukwa
Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimayambitsa matenda: mavairasi, matenda osokoneza bongo, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, matenda obadwa nawo. Dziwani bwino lomwe chomwe chinayambitsa matenda a chiwindi - chifukwa cha matenda - chikhoza kokha kufufuza kafukufuku. Kuipa ndi:
- Matenda a Wilson ;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- Matenda oipa a Chiari;
- chidakwa;
- kuperewera kwa mtima .
Odwala chiwindi cha chiwindi
Zimakula chifukwa cha zotsatira zoopsa za mowa pachiwindi. Mpweya woipa umatsimikiziridwa kokha ndi kuchuluka kwa ethyl mowa mu zakumwa zomwe amadya ndipo sizidalira mtundu wawo. Mlingo womwe umamwa mowa mwauchidakwa umakula kwambiri umadalira nthawi yomwe mumamwa kwambiri mowa komanso kuchuluka kwake. M'dera la ngozi ndi anthu omwe:
- kumwa mowa tsiku lililonse kwa nthawi yaitali;
- ali ndi choloŵa choloŵa choloŵa ku chizungulire;
- kudya moyenera kapena molakwika.
Matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi
Kuchokera pa dzina mungathe kuganiza: mavairasi a cirrhosis amayamba ndi mavairasi. Amawononga hepatocytes, kutupa kumayamba, thupi limatenga maselo owonongeka kwa matupi achilendo ndi kuwaukira. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo za thupi zimafa ndipo sizikhoza kugwira ntchito yake bwino. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za chiwindi cha chiwindi zimayambitsa matenda a hepatitis. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha cytomegalovirus , kachilombo ka HIV, kachirombo ka herpes kapena Epstein-Barr.
Mtundu woterewu umadutsa kudzera mwazi. Matenda a matenda a intrauterine ndi osowa kwambiri. Zowopsa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana:
- kugonana popanda chitetezo;
- kugwiritsa ntchito ma sering'i osalimba;
- kuikidwa magazi komwe kumaipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- osasunga mfundo zoyambirira za ukhondo.
Chizungu cha chiwindi cha chiwindi
Njira yothandizira matendawa ndi yofanana ndi mitundu ina yonse. Nchifukwa chiyani chizungulire cha hepatic chimakula? Zifukwa za matendawa, monga lamulo, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri m'thupi. Kupsyinjika kwakukulu mu zochepa za vena cava ndi matenda kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha yodetsa ndi magazi. Zotsatira zake - thupi limatambasulidwa kwambiri, ndikulowa mkati mwa magazi, ischemia imayamba, yomwe imayambitsa necrosis ya hepatocytes.
Ndichifukwa chake ngakhale congestive chiwindi cirrhosis zizindikiro akhoza kupereka:
- chodabwitsa ;
- myxoma mu atrium yoyenera;
- mtima wamapulmonari;
- kupweteka;
- Kulephera kwa mitral kapena valve valves.
Biliary cirrhosis
Kukula kwa matenda amtunduwu kumayambidwa ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa tsamba la biliary. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matendawa. Matenda oyambirira a biliary cirrhosis amachititsa njira zowonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa cholestasis. Kwa njira yachiwiri imatsogolera ku kuphwanya kwa kunja kwa bile. Kawirikawiri, chizungulire cha biliary ndi chobadwa mwachibadwa. Zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- cholelithiasis ;
- chithunzithunzi cha bile ducts;
- purulent cholangitis;
- mitsempha ndi ma lymph node;
- ntchito ya enterobacteria.
Zizindikiro za chiwindi cha chiwindi
Kuwonetsa kwakukulu kwa matendawa ndikumva kupweteka m'mimba m'dera la hypochondrium yolondola, koma pali zizindikiro zina za chiwindi cha chiwindi. Komanso, si zachilendo kuti matenda azichitika popanda zizindikilo, ndipo wodwalayo sakudziwa ngakhale pang'ono za matenda ake oopsa. Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro kumakhudzidwa ndi zizindikiro za thupi, gawo la matenda komanso zina.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za chiwindi cha chiwindi
Ngati chiwindi cha chiwindi chimayamba, zizindikiro zoyamba sizingatheke, koma ngati matendawa amadziwonetsera okha, zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi:
- kupweteka kwa nthawi pamimba, komwe kumawonjezereka atatha kudya mafuta, okazinga, odzola, oledzera;
- Matenda a m'mimba nthawi zina (mwa odwala ena, chilakolako chimaipiraipira, ena amawomba thukuta, nseru, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba);
- kukwiya;
- kutopa mwamsanga;
- kulawa kosasangalatsa (pakamwa);
- khungu, khungu, mapuloteni a maso (nthawi zambiri amamvetsera matendawa akawona chizindikiro choyamba cha chiwindi cha chiwindi).
Miyendo ya chiwindi cha chiwindi
Matendawa amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Kuvuta kwa matendawa kumadalira zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala ndi chibwibwi. Zigawo zazikulu ndi izi:
- Pachiyambi choyamba, ndondomekoyi imayamba kukula. Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka panthawi ino - kufooka, kuphwanya chilakolako, kuchepa kwa ndondomeko - odwala ambiri amanyengerera pa beriberi, kutopa, maganizo ambiri.
- Gawo lachiwiri limatchedwa gawo lopereka malipiro ndipo limaphatikizapo kuyabwa, kukasupa khungu ndi mitsempha, malungo, kunjenjemera, kumverera kwachisoni m'mimba. Chizindikiro china chofala cha matenda a chibwibwi ndi kuchepa kwa njala.
- Gawo lachitatu la kubwezeretsedwa limadziwika ndi vuto lalikulu. Zizindikiro zazikuluzikuluzi: - kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza kwafupipafupi, kutentha kwa thupi, kuchepa kwakukulu, kuchepa kwa minofu ya manja apamwamba, kusowa kwathunthu. Mwinamwake zotsatira zowonongeka pa gawo ili la matenda ndi zapamwamba kwambiri.
- Pamene chiwindi cha chiwindi chimabwera pamapeto otsiriza, wodwalayo kale, monga lamulo, amagwera mu coma. Chiwalo chokhudzidwacho chimakhudza kwambiri ndipo chimachepa mu kukula, pamene nthonje imakula.
Ascites mu chiwindi cha chiwindi
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri za matendawa. Ascites amapanga ngati zizindikiro zazikulu za chibwibwi zimanyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndili ndi vutoli, madzi amalowa m'mimba mwa m'mimba, ndipo m'mimba mumakhuta. Chiwindi ndi impso zadabwa kale kwambiri moti sichikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino ndipo sichichotsa zonse zomwe zili m'thupi.
Kufotokozera ascites kungakhale ndi zizindikiro zakunja. Ngati palibe madzi ochulukirapo, ndizing'onozing'ono zokhazokha m'madera omwe ali pafupi ndi chigwachi amangoziona. Pakapita nthawi, mimba imakula, ndipo wodwalayo amakhala ndi ululu nthawi zonse. Ku ascites, peritoneum imakula kwambiri moti mkazi wodwala akhoza kusokonezeka mosavuta ndi amayi oyembekezera pamapeto omaliza. Anthu ambiri amalemera mofulumira komanso amadandaula za malungo.
Cirrhosis ya chiwindi - mankhwala
Musanayambe kudwala matenda a chiwindi, nkofunika kumvetsa kuti n'kosatheka kuthetsa matendawa, koma kumayambiriro koyamba n'zotheka kuchepetsa kukula kwake. Odwala odwala matenda opatsirana odwala matendawa amatchedwa diuretics, ndipo ascites amachepetsa mchere. Ngati matendawa akuwonetseratu, ndi bwino kuti mutenge glucocorticoids. Kachilombo ka HIV imachizidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kulimbitsa chiwindi, odwala ayenera kupereka mankhwala a hepatoprotectors : Silymarin, Essentiale, ursodeoxycholic acid.
Nthawi zina opaleshoni yothandizira amafunika:
- Ntchito zothandizira zimathandiza kupanga njira zatsopano zowonetsera magazi;
- paracentesis yapangidwa kuchotsa madzi kuchokera ku peritoneum;
- Kuwotcha chiwindi kumafunika pa milandu yovuta kwambiri.
Kuti apindule, wodwala sayenera kuvutika maganizo kwambiri. Ndi chikhalidwe chokhutiritsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyambe kuyenda ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi. Zonse, mopatulapo, odwala ayenera kutsatira chakudya. Pofuna kuteteza matenda ku ziwalo zofooketsa, muzochitika zilizonse anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a cirrhosis amalembedwa ma antibayotiki kuti atetezedwe.
Kudya kwa chiwindi cha chiwindi
Matendawa amatanthauza kukana kwathunthu mafuta okazinga, mafuta, mchere, zakudya zomwe zili ndi cholesterol. Ndi zofunika kuti mitundu yonse ikhale ndi zakudya ndi zipatso - imapangitsa bile excretion kuti cholesterol chigwiritsidwe bwino. Odwala omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi chiwindi cha chiwindi ayenera kudya chakudya chofunda. Zakudya zizikhala kawirikawiri. Ndi zofunika kuphika chakudya, kuphika pa nthunzi kapena mu uvuni.
Ndi chifuwa chachikulu, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa:
- nyama zonenepa;
- nsomba zonenepa;
- phokoso;
- nyemba;
- macaroni;
- zonona zonona;
- tchizi;
- zakudya zopanda cheesy;
- timadziti;
- zipatso zopanda asidi;
- soups pa masamba msuzi;
- mkate wouma;
- chosakaniza tiyi;
- nthano msuzi.
Zakudya zokhudzana ndi chiwindikiro sizinthu izi:
- mkate watsopano ndi zinthu zina za ufa;
- zipatso zowawa ndi zipatso;
- khofi yolimba ndi tiyi;
- sorelo;
- radish;
- sipinachi;
- anyezi wobiriwira;
- mowa.
Cirrhosis ya chiwindi - kufalikira
Zoyembekeza za moyo pa matenda oterewa zimadalira zinthu zambiri, motero kunena, ndi matenda a chiwindi cha chiwindi, omwe ndi ovuta kapena ovuta. Mphamvu ndi:
- kupweteka kwa matenda;
- kupezeka kwa mavuto;
- kudya zakudya;
- zifukwa za matenda;
- zaka ndi kugonana kwa wodwalayo;
- analamula mankhwala.
Malingana ndi siteji ya akatswiri a matenda amapereka maulosi oterowo:
- Pafupifupi odwala 50% amakhala zaka 7 ndi zaka zambiri.
- Ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri la malipiro, nthawi ya moyo, monga lamulo, sizoposa zaka zisanu.
- Amayi 20 - 30% okha omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a chiwindi a gawo lachitatu amakhala zaka zitatu.
- Pa gawo lotsiriza la matenda, nthawi ya moyo siidapitirira chaka.