Maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amachititsa kuti anthu asamangokhalira kusungulumwa. Maukwati omwe amagwiritsidwa kale kale ku Ulaya ndi US - anthu wamba amatsutsa ndi kukula kwa anthu omwe akukhala nawo . Kuvomerezeka kwachipembedzo kuwona kuti malamulo a mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amawopseza mwakhama ku chikhalidwe cha banja.
Kodi kukwatirana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kumatanthauzanji?
Ukwati pakati pa anthu omwe ali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha - amatchedwa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Maudindo aumwini kapena maudindo a "mwamuna" ndi "mkazi" muukwati wotero amalowetsedwa ndi "wokondedwa 1" ndi "wokwatiwa". Mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha unauzidwa koyamba ku Netherlands mu 2001. Ukwati wotero umakhala ndi katundu wovomerezeka walamulo:
- ufulu wothandizana nawo katundu;
- Kuphatikizana ndi chisudzulo (m'mayiko amenewo komwe kulandiridwa ndi kulera ana kumaloledwa pamodzi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ukwati);
- dzina lofala kwa anthu awiri;
- inshuwalansi zamankhwala ndi zachikhalidwe;
- ufulu wokhala matrasti a mkazi m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Zochita ndi zowonongeka zaukwati wa chiwerewere
Chochitika chirichonse, ngakhale choipa ndi chowawa kwa anthu, chiri ndi zinthu zabwino ndi zolakwika - kulumikiza maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndi zosiyana. Panali nthawizonse anthu, owerengeka, omwe, chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo losiyana, ali osiyana ndi ambiri, ndipo iwo sangathetseke ndipo ali ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana pakati pawo. Mayiko omwe malamulo okwatirana okhaokha amaloledwa njirayi. mwina mwa zolinga zabwino zaumunthu, kuthana ndi kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu. Chomwe chidzapangitse anthu - pali mafunso ambiri kusiyana ndi mayankho.
Maukwati ogonana amuna okhaokha, ogonana (zoonekeratu kwa okwatirana okha):
- Anthu amodzimodzi amamvetsetsana bwino, mgwirizano wamphamvu wokhudzana ndi kumvetsetsa ndi kotheka;
- Ukwati walamulo umapatsa ufulu wokwatirana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuti asunge katundu wogwirizana, kuchita bizinesi;
- kusagwirizana ndi kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mabanja osagonana;
- kusunga zovala komanso kusinthanitsa zovala.
Zoperekera za mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha:
- Kutsekedwa ndi anthu amitundu yosiyana, nthawi zina kumabweretsa chisokonezo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa.
- Chosavomerezeka poleredwa ndi ana, omwe angadzitengere kugonana ndibodza komanso kuwanyoza kwa ana kuchokera kumabanja ambiri, izi zidzathetsa mavuto a maganizo, mapangidwe a ma complexes ndi neurosis.
Nchifukwa chiyani analembetsa ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha?
Chikhalidwe chogonana pakati pa anthu amtundu wapakati pa kukhazikitsidwa kwaukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhawo chimayang'ana ndi kutsutsidwa ndi mantha ku tsogolo la amitundu. Chifukwa chiyani maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, funso ili kwa boma ndi anthu a dziko lirilonse liri ndi lingaliro lawo, koma mwachidziwikire, zifukwa ndi izi:
- kuzindikira kuti anthu omwe ali ochepa ogonana amayenera kulandira ufulu womwewo ku ukwati monga ena onse;
- kumenyana ndi chiwawa, tsankho ndi tsankho .
Maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu Orthodoxy
Maukwati osagwirizana m'Baibulo amaonedwa kuti ndi osayenera ndipo maubwenzi pakati pa oimira amuna okhaokha ndi ochimwa ndipo amatsutsidwa. Malamulo a Mose mu Levitiko amasonyeza kuti kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi "miyambo yonyansa komanso yoipa." M'chikhristu cha Orthodox masiku ano, n'chifukwa chiyani maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaletsedwa? Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:
- Mphatso ya Mlengi ndiyo kulenga anthu osiyana nawo kugonana: amuna ndi akazi.
- Chigwirizano cha mgwirizanowu chimagwirizana ndi chifuniro choyambirira cha Mlengi: kupitiriza ndikuwonjezereka kwa mtundu wa anthu (amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sangathe kuzindikira cholinga cha Mulungu, kubadwa).
- Mgwirizano wa mwamuna ndi mkazi sikutanthauza kuti thupi limasiyana, komanso mafananidwe osiyana wina ndi mnzake muukwati (muukwati womwewo umakhala wosagwirizanitsa.
Maukwati a amuna okhaokha mu Islam
Ukwati wosagwirizana ndi tchalitchi ndi maganizo osagwirizana. Ukwati wamunthu wokha pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi ndi wopatulika komanso wokondweretsa Mulungu. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu Islam ndiko kulangidwa mopanda chilungamo, mpaka chilango cha imfa (mwachitsanzo, kuchoka ku nyumba zapamwamba, kuponyedwa mwachangu), m'mayiko monga:
- Iran;
- Afghanistan;
- Sudan;
- Saudi Arabia;
- Nigeria.
Pofuna kupewa kupezeka kwa kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, pali malamulo okhwima:
- Ana (anyamata ndi atsikana) a zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri sayenera kugona pabedi lomwelo;
- Amuna sayenera kupsompsana pamasaya (kugwirana chanza kumaloledwa komanso kugompsana kwa munthu wamkulu);
- N'zosatheka kukhala pamalo amodzi ndi amuna okhwima ndi anyamata omwe sali ndi zomera pamaso pawo;
- analetsedwa kuonera mafilimu olaula komanso kuwerenga mabuku okhudza kugonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha padziko lapansi
Mkwatibwi amodzimodzi amaloledwa - anthu ambiri omwe amamva mosiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi chidwi pa nkhaniyi. Mndandanda wa mayiko kumene kulengeza mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ukuwonjezeka ndikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. Okwatirana m'mabanja oterewa ali ndi mwayi wopindula ndi maudindo onse, monga mu chikhalidwe, mgwirizano wa chikhalidwe. Kodi ndi maiko ati omwe amaloledwa m'banja lachiwerewere (pamwamba-10):
- Netherlands (2001);
- Norway (2008);
- Sweden (2009);
- Mexico (2009);
- Argentina (2010);
- Brazil (2011);
- Denmark (2012);
- France (2013);
- United States (2015);
- Germany (2017).
Maukwati Osakanizika ku Russia
Kodi maukwati ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaloledwa ku Russia - yankho ndiloti "ayi". Russia ndi dziko lomwe lili ndi miyambo yakale komanso maziko, omwe lingaliro la banja silinasinthe kwambiri. Maukwati a ku Russia akulamulidwa ndi lamulo, ndipo amachokera pamodzi mwaufulu a amuna ndi akazi okwatirana. Anthu ena omwe si achikhalidwe amayesa kukwatira mudziko lachilendo, ndipo ngati mgwirizanowu ndi wamba, ndiye kuti ndibwino, koma kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikudzakhala ndi malamulo.
Maukwati a amuna okhaokha ku US
Mukakumbukira zapitazo za America, ndiye kuti maubwenzi osagwirizana nawo anali kuzunzidwa ndi apolisi, ndipo maukwati ndi malingaliro a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sakanatha. Amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ankagwidwa m'mabungwe a anthu ndipo mahotelawa ankapatsidwa chilango chachinyengo komanso kunyozedwa ndi anthu. Lists anafalitsidwa poyera, anthu anataya mbiri yawo, ntchito, chikhalidwe chawo ndi chithandizo cha achibale awo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. mmalo mwa anthu, chomwe chimatchedwa "mgwirizano wapanyumba" chinakhazikitsidwa - ukwati wosavomerezeka. Kuvomerezeka kwaukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku USA kunamalizidwa kwathunthu kwa maiko 50 pa June 26, 2015.
Maukwati a amuna okhaokha ku Japan
Pa funsoli, m'mayiko omwe amalembedwa mwalamulo maukwati ogonana okhaokha kupatula ku United States, mukhoza kutchula Japan, kapena kuti likulu lake - Tokyo. Kusangalala kwa amuna a ku Japan sikunakakamize apolisi odziletsa omwe mpaka kumapeto amatsutsa zochitika zoterozo monga kugonana komweko kosagwirizana. Japan ikuyesera kuti ikhale ndi America ndi kuthetsa nkhani yonse yotsutsana ndi kugonana-anthu ochepa polemba malamulo mogwirizana ndi miyambo.
Maukwati a amuna okhaokha ku Germany
Kuvomerezeka kwaukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Germany kudzachitika mu October 2017. Pakalipano, mgwirizano wa amuna kapena akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amaloledwa, chilolezo chomwe analandira mu 2001. Anthu a ku Germany pakati pa 83% adasankha ufulu pomusankha wokwatirana ndi mwamuna aliyense ndikumaliza ukwati naye. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti Chingelezi Angela Merkel kwa nthawi yayitali anali kumbali ya midzi ya LGBT ndipo masiku angapo chisanakhale chisankho chovomerezedwa kuti chivomereze ndalamazi, motsogoleredwa ndi mfundo yakuti mgwirizano ndi mwamuna ndi mkazi.
Maukwati Osakanizika ku France
Mayiko omwe mabanja okwatirana amaloledwa amadzaza nthawi zonse. France anasankha nkhaniyi mmbuyo mwa May 2013. Pulezidenti Francois Hollande adanena kuti izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa machitidwe ena. Oposa theka la anthu okhalamo adathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwalamulo. Amuna okhaokha anapatsidwa chilolezo cholera ndi kulera ana, mosiyana ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, kumene kuwonjezeranso mwambo waukwati sikunayambe. Kuloledwa kwa lamulo kunalimbitsa zizoloŵezi zaukali pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, zomwe zinayambitsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha chiwawa chogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi anthu otchuka
Kuchokera kunja kumawoneka ngati chibwibwi kapena njira yowukwiyitsa, kuyambitsa chidwi mwa munthu mwini ... komabe icho chingakhale chikondi, ngakhale kuti sitingamvetsetse kwa anthu ambiri a chikhalidwe. Amuna okwatirana okhaokha pakati pa umunthu wamunthu, omwe, osamvetsera miseche, amavomereza chiyanjano chawo ndikukhala pamodzi nthawi yaitali ndi osangalala:
- Elton John ndi David Furnish . Anthu awiriwa akhala pamodzi zaka zoposa 17. Elton anathandiza Davide kuchotsa uchidakwa ndikuona kuti mkulu wake wosankhidwa David ndi munthu wodzipereka kwambiri padziko lapansi.
- Richard Chamberlain ndi Martin Rabbett . Chigwirizanocho chinatenga zaka 34. Wojambula wotchuka yemwe adasewera mu mafilimu akuti "Shogun" ndi "Kuimba muminga" ndi chikhalidwe chake chakumuna chinadzutsa mitima ya akazi. Richard anakakamizika kubisa ubale wake ndi Martin kwa nthawi yayitali, ntchito yake ikadatha. Tsopano, pokumbukira msonkhano wake woyamba ndi wokondedwa wake, Richard akuti ichi ndicho chisankho chake cholondola.
- Helen DeGenereris ndi Portia de Rossi . Wodziwika bwino wa TV ndi wojambula zithunzi muukwati kwa zaka zoposa 6 ndikuganiza za ana.
- Jodie Foster ndi Alexandra Hedison . Pogonana kwake, wojambula adavomereza kumbuyo mu 2007. Roman Jody ndi wotchuka wojambula zithunzi Alexandra Hedison adayamba mu 2013 ndipo adatha chaka, pambuyo pake banjali linalembetsa ubale wawo.
- Tom Ford ndi Richard Barkley . Mgwirizanowu wa wolemba wotchuka ndi mkonzi kwa zaka 23 anayesedwa mayesero ambiri, omwe anali ovuta kwambiri pa matenda a Richard.