Pakati pa matenda a chithokomiro, chomwe chikufala kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa, imodzi mwa yoopsa ndi papillary carcinoma. Izi zimakhala zoopsya kwa wodwalayo, koma kwenikweni, mankhwala amatha kuchita bwino matendawa, ngati akuwonekera pachiyambi.
Papillary carcinoma - ndi chiyani?
Papillary carcinoma ndi minofu yomwe imapangika m'matumbo a chithokomiro ngati chithunzithunzi kapena chotupa chosagwirizana. Kawirikawiri chimodzi mwa ziwalo za m'thupi chimakhudzidwa. Ambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi amayi a zaka zoposa 40 mpaka 50, ngakhale kuti matendawa salandira ana. Kuwonjezeka kwa chikhalidwe cha khansa iyi ikukula m'mayiko otukuka, koma ndizotheka kuti izi zimachokera ku chitukuko cha matelogalamu omwe amalola kuti azindikire zikopa zazing'ono zomwe sizinachitike.
Gulu la chithokomiro ndilolo lofunika kwambiri pa dongosolo la endocrine, lomwe lili pamunsi pa khosi kutsogolo, lomwe limapanga mahomoni omwe amaphatikizapo kupuma, ntchito ya mtima, hematopoiesis, chimbudzi, kusunga kutentha kwa thupi ndi zina zotero. Khansara ya chithokomiro imayambitsa matenda osokoneza thupi m'thupi, ndipo ikafalikira ku ziwalo zina, imalephera kubwezera.
Iron-papillary carcinoma
Katemera wa chithokomiro wa papillary amapangidwa mkati mwa chiwalo kuchokera ku matenda abwino omwe amayamba kusintha mosavuta. Neoplasm ndi wandiweyani, yokhala ndi mapepala angapo ang'onoang'ono, mu gawo la bulauni. Maselo a chotupa choterocho sakhala osiyana ndi thanzi labwino, chifukwa momwe iwo amawerengedwera kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Papillary carcinoma imakula pang'onopang'ono, yopanda mphamvu imayamba metastases. Poyamba, chotupacho n'chosuntha, kukana kumayambira pamene kumakula kumatenda am'mimba.
Papillary carcinoma - mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Imeneyi ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri wa papillary carcinoma, womwe umawoneka kuti ndi wamwano, koma nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa. Mapangidwe a chotupacho m'kati mwake ali ndi maselo a follicular omwe ali ndi mankhwala a colloid ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro, ndi kukula kosazolowereka kumene mpangidwe umapangidwira. Mu maonekedwe, awa ndi mapangidwe ozunguliridwa ndi kapule (fibrous capsule). Chotupacho chimayamba kumera m'matumbo, ziwiya zomwe zimayandikana ndi mitsempha, nthawi zambiri zimatha kupita kumadera akutali.
Zotsatira za khansa ya chithokomiro
Akatswiri amadziwa zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya chithokomiro:
- cholengedwa cholowetsa ku chikhalidwe chosinthika mu ziphuphu;
- kusowa kwa ayodini mu thupi ;
- kuwonetsa ma radiation ionizing;
- chithandizo chamagazi pamutu ndi pamutu;
- zoopsa za ntchito (zotsatira za zitsulo zolemera, kutentha kwakukulu);
- chisokonezo;
- zizoloŵezi zoipa;
- matenda ena a chiwerewere, mavenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni, mapulogalamu a rectum, goiter multinodular ;
- kukhala m'dera lachilengedwe losavomerezeka.
Matenda a khungu la chithokomiro - zizindikiro
Kwa nthawi yaitali, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro cha papillary sichitha kudziwonetsera mwa njira iliyonse (ngakhale kwa zaka zingapo), ndipo pazigawo zoyambirira za chitukuko choipa chotupa munthu sakudziwa kalikonse. Pokhapokha ngati pali vuto lalikulu la chotupacho, ngati n'zotheka kufufuza, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa:
- mawu osasunthika ;
- kukonda;
- kumverera kosalekeza kwa "mtanda" pammero, poipa pomeza ndi kufinya khosi;
- kugwirizana ndi kupweteka mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
- kuwonjezeka kwa mitsempha ya chiberekero kuchokera kumbali ya mliri;
- kupuma kupuma.
Zizindikiro izi sizingaganizidwe mozama ndipo zingafanane ndi chimfine, chimfine. Chizindikiro chawo ndi chakuti zizindikiro zoyamba zimaonekera kwa nthawi yaitali. Pamene chotupa chikukula ndi maselo a khansa kufalikira kumatenda oyandikana nawo, zizindikiro zina zimawonekera:
- chofooka nthawi zonse;
- thukuta;
- kusala kudya;
- kulemera kwa thupi;
- kusowa tsitsi;
- chifuwa chachikulu, ululu.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma - magawo
Malinga ndi kukula, kufalikira kwa chotupa, kukhalapo kwa metastases, papillary carcinoma ya chithokomiro ikhoza kusankhidwa kukhala imodzi mwa magawo a chitukuko:
- Gawo I - chotupa chachikulu sichiposa 2 cm, maselo samasokoneza, metastases salipo;
- Gawo lachiwiri - kutalika kwake kwa chiwindi kumadutsa 2-4 masentimita, pamene sichidutsa malire a chiwalo ndipo sichipereka metastases;
- Gawo lachitatu - chotupa kuposa masentimita 4, chimadutsa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Vuto lachinayi - chiwombankhanga chimakwera kwambiri, chimafika kumadera oyandikana nawo, chithokomiro chimakhala chosasunthika, minofu imapezeka m'mbali ndi kutali.
Papillary carcinoma - metastases
Kukula kwa papillary serous carcinoma kungapangitse metastases - mankhwala enaake opweteka omwe amafalitsa mitsempha yamimba kapena magazi. Kawirikawiri, metastases amapezeka mu ziwalo ndi ziphuphu:
- mafoni;
- mapapo;
- minofu ya nthiti;
- zitsulo zamtundu;
- mafupa a chigaza;
- ubongo;
- chiwindi;
- malonda adrenal;
- matumbo.
Akuganiza kuti kukhalapo kwa metastases ndi kotheka ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- ululu m'mafupa, mu msana;
- chifuwa chokhala ndi magazi;
- migraine mutu;
- kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya;
- kusanza;
- mliri;
- kusiya kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi ena.
Matenda a khungu la chithokomiro
Matenda a chithokomiro amatha kufotokozera palpation, koma ngati afika pamtunda wa masentimita imodzi kapena kuposerapo ndipo salowerera m'matumbo. Kuwonjezera apo, mukhoza kukayikira kuti chitukukochi chikufalikira mwakumverera kuti maselo am'mimba amayamba kukula. Kuti mudziwe khansa ndi kuzindikira mtundu wake, njira zotsatirazi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Phunzirani ndi ayodini yotulutsa mavitamini, omwe amadziwika ndi ntchito yochepa ya gland.
- Kujambula kwa ultrasonic - kuzindikira momwe zinthu zilili m'malo osalimba.
- Mapulogalamu a makompyuta ndi maginito oyenera kugwiritsira ntchito kanema - n'koyenera kufufuza kukula ndi kufalikira kwa khansa.
- Kufufuza kwa magazi pa mahomoni - kumapangitsa kulingalira kuti ntchito ya chithokomiro ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kutanthauzira momwe mahomoni amaonekera.
- Njira yolondola kwambiri ndi yabwino-singano yokhumba zokhudzana ndi singano . Panthawi yovuta kwambiri imeneyi, kachilombo kakang'ono kamasonkhanitsa pamphuno. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zojambulazo zimayikidwa pa kafukufuku wamakono komanso wamaganizo ake kuti azindikire mtundu, masitepe ndi kukula kwake kwa matendawa. Chithunzi chojambulidwa cha papillary carcinoma cha chithokomiro chimakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- kukula kwa maselo - kuyambira 1 mm mpaka masentimita angapo;
- Chotupacho chili ndi nthambi zokhala ndi mitsempha yotsitsimutsa;
- nthambi za chotupacho zili ndi makina ozungulira ndi cubic epithelium;
- chigawo cha selo chadzaza ndi chromatin;
- N'zotheka kusunga matupi a basophilic ndi calcified mass;
- maselo a chotupa cha papillary sagwira ntchito;
- palibe kawirikawiri kugawidwa kwa maselo.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma - mankhwala
Popeza kuti chithunzithunzichi sichisamala kwambiri ndi mankhwala a radiation, chithandizo cha khansa ya chithokomiro cha papilisi chimachokera pa njira zovuta zowonongeka:
- Kupatsirana opaleshoni, kupereka chithandizo chokwanira kapena chochepa cha mankhwala (thyroidectomy);
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a iodine pambuyo pochotsa minofu yokhudzana ndi chithokomiro, yomwe imalowa m'thupi (nthawi zambiri pamlomo) ndipo imayambitsa imfa ya maselo otsala a khansa;
- chemotherapy - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi zotsatira zovulaza maselo okhudzidwa, omwe amachitikira ngati mankhwala a metastases ndi ziwalo zina;
- mankhwala othandizira ma hormone, pogwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka thyroxine;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mineral complexes ndi mavitamini;
- zakudya zowonjezera kudya kwa ayodini zakudya, shuga, mchere, vitamini A.
Papillary carcinoma ndi opaleshoni
Chithandizo cha papillary carcinoma ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikuchitika mwachirombo chachikulu. Ngati kukula kwa chilonda sikudutsa masentimita imodzi, n'zotheka kuchotsa pang'ono chiwalo. Nthawi zina, zingakhale zofunikira kuchotseratu chifuwacho, zida zowonongeka zomwe ziri pafupi ndi mitsempha. Ngati carcinoma inayamba kukhala yochuluka kwambiri ndipo imakhudza mitsempha yambiri, imatengedwa kuti imatha kugwira ntchito, ndipo imayambitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, papillary carcinoma sichiyenera kuchotsedwa ndi metastases yambiri komanso ngati pali matenda aakulu omwe amachokera m'mapiritsi ndi m'mitsempha ya mtima.
Matenda a khungu la chithokomiro - mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapiritsi a chithokomiro a papillary imapezeka, palibe njira yothetsera mankhwala. Kuwonjezera pa chilolezo ndi chilolezo cha dokotala, njira zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, asing'anga amalimbikitsa tiyi, omwe ali ndi kuyeretsa mwazi komanso zopanga mankhwala.
Malemba amatanthauza
Zosakaniza:
- Mtundu wa linden - tebulo limodzi. supuni;
- Mtundu wa Elderberry - tebulo limodzi. supuni;
- mphukira ya rosa-wowonekera - tebulo limodzi. supuni;
- masamba ofika - tebulo limodzi. supuni;
- masamba celandine - tebulo limodzi. supuni.
Kukonzekera ndi ntchito
- Sungani zitsamba, sakanizani.
- Thirani supuni ya supuni yosonkhanitsa ndi kapu yamadzi otentha, kuphimba ndi chivindikiro.
- Mphindi khumi pambuyo pake akukumana.
- Imwani pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa kwa theka la ola musanadye.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma - zizindikiro
Pakati pa odwala amene matenda a chithokomiro amatha kupezeka, zaka khumi kapena kuposerapo zimakhala pafupifupi 90%, poyambira matenda oyamba komanso mankhwala oyenera. Ngati matendawa akupezeka m'gawo lachiwiri, zaka zisanu zapakati pa chithandizo ndi 55%, mu gawo lachitatu - 35%, ndipo pa gawo lachinayi - 15%. Kupindula kwa chiwerengero cha matendawa, kuwonjezera pa siteji ya matenda ndi kuyenerera kwa chithandizo, kumakhudzidwa ndi zaka za wodwala, chikhalidwe chonse cha zamoyo, ndi kusamalira moyo wathanzi.