Momwe mungabzala nkhaka mu mbande molondola ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukukolola bwino?

Ngati simukudziwiratu momwe mungabzalitsire nkhaka mu mbande molondola, simungangowononga mbewu, koma kawirikawiri mumakhalabe. Mbande ziyenera kulenga mwapadera zinthu kuti mutatha kutumiza kumalo otseguka iwo samadwala kapena kufa opanda momwe angakhalire oyenera kudya ndi kusamalira.

Nkhaka mbande - kukula kunyumba

Kubzala mbewu kungatheke m'njira ziwiri: kufesa kumachitika mwachindunji pabedi, kapena mbande zimatengedwa kuchokera ku makaseti kupita ku kama. Njira yoyamba imabereka mbewu zosachepera, chifukwa panthawi yofesa nthaka nthawi zambiri sichitha kutentha. Kukula mbande za nkhaka kumalonjeza zotsatira zabwino - zamasamba zikhoza kukolola kale, chifukwa mbewu zimakonzekera pasadakhale. Kuti iwo akule mwamphamvu, nkofunikira:

• nthawi zonse kuthirira mbewu;
• perekani boma lofunika;
• kupewa ma drafts;
• Kudyetsedwa ndi kudyetsedwa bwino ndi feteleza.

Pamene chodzala nkhaka kwa mbande?

Chikhalidwe chimenechi ndi chimodzi mwa chikondi chomwe chimatentha kwambiri, choncho nkofunika kulingalira za kutentha kwa mpweya ndi momwe kutentha kwa nthaka kumatulutsira nthawi. Zomera za nkhaka za mbande ziwerengedwa molingana ndi mfundo yotsatirayi:

1. Pamene mbewu zimabzalidwa kumunda, kutentha kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 ° C. Pazikhalidwe zochepa, chikhalidwe cha nkhaka chimakula bwino.
2. M'nyengo yozizira, zochitika zotere zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, kotero n'zotheka kudzala mbewu molondola m'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa April.
3. Ngati ndiwo zamasamba zikukula m'madera akum'mwera, nthawiyi idzasinthidwa pakati pa mwezi wa March.

Kukonzekera mbewu za nkhaka kwa kufesa pa mbande

Kufulumizitsa fruiting sikuvuta ndi ntchito yoyenera yobzala. Kukonzekera kwa mbewu za nkhaka kubzala pa mbande kwapangidwa kuti:

1. Kukonzekera. Kwa mwezi ayenera kukhala pafupi ndi zipangizo zotentha pamatentha pafupifupi 25 ° C, kuti apereke mphukira zaubwenzi atasankhidwa kuti azibzala.
2. Disinfection. Mbewu imanyowa mufooka yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate kwa maola 2-3.
3. Kutupa. Mbeu yosambidwa imasungidwa pa nsalu yonyowa kapena potoni kumalo ozizira asanayambe.

Nthaka kwa mbande ya nkhaka

Musayesetse kukula kumera m'munda wotengedwa m'munda: ndi osawuka kwambiri komanso wodzala ndi matenda komanso zamoyo zomwe ziri zoopsa kwa mbande. Kukonzekera kwa nthaka kwa mbande ya nkhaka kumapanga kupanga nthaka yosakaniza yomwe ili yowala ndi yolemera mu humus. Zokwanira zoyenera mankhwala monga:

1. 2 mbali ya peat, 2 mbali ya utuchi kapena matabwa makungwa, 1 mbali humus.
2. Gawo limodzi la munda wa sod, magawo awiri a kompositi kapena humus.
3. 5 mbali ya peat, 1 gawo Mullein ndi magawo awiri manyowa.

Kodi kubzala nkhaka mu mbande?

Mbeu zowonongeka bwino zimayamba kuphuka mu malo am'chipinda kuti zipeze zomera zathanzi zomwe zili zoyenerera kuti zitheke ku malo osatha. Pali atatu otchuka njira kukula nkhaka mbande:

1. Kulowa mabokosi. Zimatengera kusokera kamodzi m'sitima yaying'ono. Njira yowonjezereka imatchedwa "kumera mu nkhumba" - mphika wosazolowereka- "shank".
2. Kubzala mbewu za nkhaka kukhala mbande mu kapu ya pulasitiki kapena pepala la zisa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nthaka kuyenera kuyambitsidwa patsogolo ndi mineral feteleza.
3. Kulima mu peat cassettes. Zomwe amapanga zimapangidwa ndi piritsi yomwe imalola mizu kuti iphuke popanda kuwonongeka.

Kubzala nkhaka mu miphika ya peat kwa mbande

Chidebechi chimaonedwa kuti chiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito: chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha ndipo chimatayika kwathunthu pansi. Kulima mbande za nkhaka mu miphika ya peat ayenera kuyamba poika madzi mumadzi, kenaka ayenera kuuma kachiwiri ndikupangidwa pansi pa malo osiyanasiyana. Kubzala mbewu, muyenera kutsata dongosolo lina:

1. Phika sali wodzazidwa pamwamba kwambiri: mtunda wochokera kumtunda wa nthaka kusakanikirana uyenera kukhala 1-1.5 cm.
2. Mbeu 2-3 zimayikidwa mu chidebe chilichonse. Ngakhalenso alimi ogalimoto amene amadziwa mmene angadzalemo nkhaka iliyonse mu mbande molondola, nthawi zina amapeza kuti gawo la mbewu silimera. Ngati mbeu zingapo zimatuluka mumphika umodzi, zimatha kuziika.
3. Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimadzazidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi filimu ya chakudya masiku 4-5.

Kubzala nkhaka muzimera mu cochlea

Pali njira zina zowonjezera, kupulumutsa malo mu chipinda. Imeneyi ndiyo ming'oma ya nkhaka mu "cochlea", yomwe imachotsedwa pa filimuyi ndi mphika, yomwe imagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Pofuna kulikonza, muyenera: chophimba choyera, filimu kapena gawo lapansi lopaka laimu, magulu a mphira ndi dziko lapansi. Kufesa mbewu mu "nkhono", muyenera:

1. Mpiringidzo wokhala ndi masentimita 10 umayikidwa pamapeto amodzi, mphindi imodzi ya masentimita 1 imatsanulira pa iyo, yomwe iyenera kuti imangidwe pang'ono ndi zala.
2. Mbewu imayikidwa pambali yonse ya filimuyi, pamtunda wa masentimita 2 kuchokera kumbali imodzi. Ayenera kukhala odzaza ndi nthaka, chifukwa chodzala nkhaka mu mbande molondola, ngati zikugwirizana mwamphamvu ku polyethylene, sizigwira ntchito.
3. Riboni ndi nthaka ndi mbewu zimakulungidwa mu mpukutu kuti zikhale ngati mpukutu. "Konkhono" imamangiriridwa ndi gulu la zotanuka ndipo imayikidwa mu mphika woonekera.

Kusamalira mbande za nkhaka kunyumba

Pakakhala mphukira, miphika imatumizidwa kuwindo la dzuwa. Miyeso yofunika kwambiri, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusamalira mbande za nkhaka mutakula, kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

1. Kuthirira mobwerezabwereza. Madzi sayenera kusokoneza mizu, choncho zidzakhala zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka madzi.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Nthawi imodzi imalimbikitsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ndi magnesium, kuyesera kuti asafike pa masamba ndi zimayambira.
3. Kupanga chitsamba. Sikokwanira kudziwa momwe mungadyetse nkhaka mu mbande molondola, chifukwa inunso muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mphukira sizikutambasula. Ayeneranso kulandira kuwala kofunikira: ngati palibe dzuwa lokwanira, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nyaliyo.

Kutenga nkhaka mbande

Ngati mbande zikukula mu chidebe chomwecho, ndiwoneka ngati masamba 3-4 ayenera kuchotsedwa ku chidebe chodziwika ku nthaka yosakaniza. Kupaka mbewu za nkhaka zingakhoze kuchitidwa molondola mwa njira yotsatirayi:

1. Choyamba, zida zowonjezera zimakonzedwa-makapu apulasitiki kapena peat cassettes. Amadzazidwa ndi nthaka kuchokera ku nthaka ya sod, peat ndi utuchi.
2. Zomera zimathiriridwa mochuluka, ndiyeno zimachotsedwa ndi supuni ya pulasitiki.
3. Mu makapu kuti musankhe pasadakhale, zimapangidwira, pomwe mbande ziyenera kubzalidwa, zomwe ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku zinyama.

Matenda a nkhaka mbande

Mosasamala kanthu za dera lokula, wamaluwa amafunika kusamalira zamasamba ndi mavuto omwewo. Kaya matenda a nkhaka mbande ndi chithandizo chawo, matendawa ayenera kuyamba bwino ndi kuphunzira kusintha komwe kumachitika ndi chomera:

1. Ngati masamba akutembenukira chikasu, mbewuzo zimasowa feteleza mchere. Zomera zazing'ono zochepa kapena kusowa kwa potaziyamu zimapangitsa mphukira kukhala mthunzi wosiyana.
2. Pamene zibowo zikuluzikulu zikuwoneka pamwamba pa masamba, ndizotheka kunena kuti zinakhazikitsidwa ndi chimbalangondo, chomwe chingachotsedwe mosavuta ndi chisakanizo cha viniga ndi tsabola wakuda.
3. Kuphimba koyera pazizindikiro za mbande kuti ali ndi matenda a powdery mildew. Mphukira zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimadulidwa, zina zonse - sprayed ndi aqueous osakaniza soda phulusa ndi sopo.
4. Kukwera kwa nkhaka kumapangitsa mizu kuvunda : mbewu zimangofa ngati nthaka isamwe madzi bwino, itatha kusakaniza ndi Previcur.