Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob anafotokozedwa ndi asayansi awiri a ku Germany, omwe mayina awo amatchedwa matendawa, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Ngakhale kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo yadutsa zaka zopitirira zana, mankhwala a matenda awa sanapezekepo. Asayansi adatha kupeza chitsime cha matendawa - chida chamanyazi, koma sankakhoza kuphunzira momwe angagwirire ndi matendawa.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob prion akufalikira chifukwa cha majeremusi osinthika chifukwa cha thupi laumunthu loipa, protein prion. Amakhulupirira kuti gwero la mapuloteni amenewa ndi ng'ombe, koma kafukufuku watsopano amatsimikizira kuti matendawa amapezeka pokhapokha popanda chifukwa. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti matenda a KBH (nthenda ya ng'ombe yamisala) ikupita, ndipo matenda ena atsopano amadziwika. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, mavoti a matendawa adalembedwa, omwe amatchedwa matenda amisala a ng'ombe.
Poyamba, matendawa adakhudza anthu achikulire oposa zaka 65, koma tsopano pali zoopsa kwa achinyamata. Vuto la Prion limakhudza ubongo, chifukwa cha njira zomwe zidziwitso ndi khalidwe zimayamba kuvutika mwa munthu. Kukula kwa chilonda kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa zizindikiro, vuto la kulankhula, kupweteka ndi paresis wa miyendo. Chimake cha matendawa ndi chosowa komanso imfa. Pambuyo pa matenda, munthu amakhalabe zaka zoposa ziwiri. Kawirikawiri kuyembekezera moyo kwa chiwonongeko choyamba ndi miyezi 8.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - wothandizira
Chilombo cha mafupa a chiweto chimayambitsidwa ndi mutant prion protein. Zikondwerero ziripo mu thupi laumunthu, koma liri ndi dongosolo losiyana. Mapuloteni oipa omwe amachokera kunja samwalira mu thupi laumunthu, koma amachokera m'magazi kupita ku ubongo. Kumeneko akuyamba kuyanjana ndi anthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asinthe. Chithokomiro chopatsirana chimapanga mabala a neurons, kenako mphutsi imatha.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - njira ya matenda
Asayansi amasiyanitsa njira zotere za matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob:
- Kuika m'magazi a nkhuku omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda;
- kuikidwa magazi;
- Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mu zipangizo zochizira zosawonongeka;
- kudya nyama yambiri yathanzi, nkhosa, mbuzi.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - zifukwa
Matenda opatsirana a matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob sanakhazikitsidwe kwenikweni. Ngakhale kuti ingere ya ingress ya mlendo wochokera kunja (kawirikawiri kuchokera ku nyama) imavomerezedwa, pali ziphunzitso zina. Imodzi mwa malingaliro ndi lingaliro lakuti prion yaumunthu, yosinthidwa pazifukwa zina, imayamba kusintha nsomba zoyandikana, zomwe zimapangitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zosiyana za ubongo.
Mitagenic prions ndi matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob amayamba kugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi zamoyo. Zimathandiza kuti selo lisagwire ntchito yake, itseka njira zomwe zikuchitika mmenemo. Chifukwa cha ndalamazo, selo imamwalira. Pakati pa maselo akufa, zotupa zimayamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi michere yambiri yogwira ntchito. Zinthu zimenezi zimalepheretsa ntchito ya maselo wathanzi, motero kumawonjezera kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za ubongo.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - zizindikiro
Zilombo zakutchire pakati pa anthu omwe zizindikiro zawo zimadalira kuti malo otsekedwa amapezeka pachigawo choyamba amasonyeza zizindikiro zotere:
- kusokonezeka, kukwiya;
- mutu, chizungulire ;
- mavuto ndi kugona;
- kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya;
- kusowa chidwi;
- kupweteka kukumbukira ;
- kuchepetsa libido;
- chiwonongeko chowopsya kapena mantha;
- zosangalatsa;
- mavuto;
- paresis wa miyendo, kusakhazikika pamene akusuntha.
Pachigawo chachiwiri, matenda a ng'ombe amisala, zizindikiro za kukula kwake, amawonetseredwa ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- matenda a khunyu ;
- kupunduka;
- kupweteka kwa minofu, kunjenjemera;
- malingaliro;
- vuto lalikulu la kulankhula;
- matenda a maganizo.
Malo osungirako otetezeka amakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- chikhalidwe cha prostration;
- kusowa ulamuliro pa ziwalo zapakhosi;
- kufooka kukumeza;
- kukwanira kwathunthu;
- coma.
Matenda a Kreutzfeldt-Jakob - matenda
Kufotokozera chidziwitsochi kumafuna chithunzi chokwanira, chotsimikiziridwa ndi deta. Pankhaniyi, dokotala, atasonkhanitsa anamnesis, amapeza kumene wodwala amakhala, ngati pali oyanjana ndi ng'ombe. Ndikofunika kupeza zizindikiro zonse zomwe wodwalayo wanena. Makamaka amalipidwa ku mavuto ndi masomphenya, malingaliro ndi magalimoto.
Deta yamagetsi imaphatikizapo zotsatira za kafukufuku wotere:
- EEG (electroencephalogram) - idzakhala yochepetsedwa ntchito ndi mafunde a pseudoperiodic nthawi ndi nthawi.
- PET ya ubongo.
- Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, MRI momwe T2-machitidwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, amapezeka poyesedwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "chiwonongeko cha zisa" - malo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba.
- Lumbar akuwombera powerenga za cerebrospinal fluid.
- Matenda a stereotoxic a ubongo, omwe amalola kuti azindikire mapuloteni opatsirana.
Matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob - mankhwala
Popeza palibe chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa, palibe mankhwala omwe apezedwa motsutsana nawo. Kutsekedwa kwa ng'ombe ndi anthu sikunabweretse zotsatira zoyenera. Musamachite zinthu zopondereza komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ofufuzawa adatha kudziwa momwe angapitirizire moyo wa maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, koma izi ndizochepa chabe pofufuza mankhwala ogwira mtima. Panthawiyi, matenda a ng'ombe amisala pakati pa anthu amachiritsidwa. Wodwalayo akulamulidwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi antiepileptic.