Kupezeka kwa matenda a maganizo, omwe amatchedwa social phobia, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi nkhawa, zomwe zimadzimva ngati ndizofunika kuti mutenge nawo mbali pa moyo wanu. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwa zambiri, zomwe zimabwereka ngakhale kudzikonzekeretsa.
Chikhalidwe - ndi chiyani?
Mbiri ya phunziro la anthu omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi anthu ophwanya malamulo, amayamba zaka 60 zapitazo. Zisanayambe izi, chikhalidwe cha anthu ena chinkaonedwa ngati chizunguliro, cholemedwa ndi zikhalidwe zina za khalidwe - mantha, chilakolako chokhala nokha. Pakalipano, masauzande ambiri azachipatala ndi a psychologist ochokera konsekonse padziko lapansi akuphunzira vuto ili. pa nthawi ya intaneti, anthu ena amatha kupeza zinthu zatsopano ndikufalitsa kwambiri.
Nkhawa m'magulu a anthu ena amasiyana ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito pazinthu zopanikizika, ndilolunjika, lopanda pake, lopanda nzeru, lopanda nzeru komanso lalitali kwambiri. Margaret Thatcher analongosola molondola dziko lino ngati mantha a zomwe sizidzachitika konse. Wodwala wa chikhalidwe cha anthu amakhala ndi zovuta pazochita zilizonse - kulankhula pagulu, kupitila mayeso, kulankhula pa foni, koma ngakhale anthu ena omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi anzawo amantha amawopa kuti awonetsetse ntchito zawo kwa anthu.
Mitundu ya phobia
Nkhawa m'magulu amtundu wa anthu amadziwika m'magulu awiri, malinga ndi momwe matendawa angatchulidwe. Mitundu ya anthu yotchedwa phobias - mitundu:
- adalongosola zochitika za anthu - amadziwonetsera pa zochitika zomwezo, mwachitsanzo, pakupambana mayesero, kufunikira kudziwana bwino kapena kupitiliza kuyankhulana;
- zimabadwira - zimachitika m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Kusagwirizana pakati pa anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu - kusiyana
Kupezeka kwa mizu yodziwika bwino pazinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe ndi anthu ena amatha kunena za ubale wawo, koma pa zonse iwo alibe chiyanjano chochepa. Socioblob - mantha a anthu, akukumana ndi nkhawa pamene kuli kofunikira kuti agwirizane ndi anthu ena. Sociopath ndi munthu wodwala m'maganizo amene amanyalanyaza zikhalidwe za anthu, amwano, otsutsana, osayanjanirana ndi ena, nthawi zambiri kutsogolera njira yosaganizira anthu. Kusiyananso kwina ndikuti munthu akhoza kuphunzira pulobia payekha, komanso ndi chikhalidwe, dokotala akusowa thandizo.
Kodi ngozi ya Social phobia ndi yotani?
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti anthu ena amakhala ndi matenda a maganizo, koma izi ndi matenda a maganizo. Sociofob amayesetsa kukhala wosungulumwa, kuchepetsa kugwirizana. Kumbali imodzi, ikuwoneka kuti ndi yopanda chilungamo, ndipo pambali inayo - chikhalidwe cha anthu osagwirizana ndi ena, chimakhala chauchidakwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chifukwa ndi chithandizo cha zida izi akhoza kuyesa kuchepetsa nkhawa, kudzimasula yekha. Kuonjezera apo, ambiri omwe amavutika ndi chikhalidwe chawo sangazindikire okha, amasonyeza luso lawo, amapanga banja. Chizoloŵezi cha kugonana ndi anthu ovutika maganizo ndi kudzipha ndi kwakukulu.
Chikhalidwe - zifukwa
M'mabuku ambiri, chiyambi cha phobia chiyenera kuyesedwa kuyambira ali mwana - mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ngati amayi sanamvere mwanayo, nthawi zambiri amamusiya, amusiya agogo aakazi kapena abambo ake, mwanayo amayamba kuda nkhawa, osasamala, akuyera. Kuopa kutayika amayi kunayamba mizu mu psyche ya mwanayo, nayenso anayamba kuopa anthu ena, nawonso. adawona mwa iwo kuwopsya. Muzochitika zotero, mwana akhoza kuyamba kupita kuchipatala chaka, matenda osokonezeka maganizo omwe amachititsa mavuto aakulu pamoyo wamakhalidwe abwino (chikhalidwe cha anthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu, chikhalidwe cha anthu) ndi maganizo apakati.
Chipatala ndi chisankho chosaneneka, ndikukula ngati mwanayo amatha miyezi yoyamba ya moyo m'zinyumba, chipatala, ndi ana amasiye. Pakhomo, kunyalanyaza amayi sikumayambitsa mavuto aakulu, komabe ngakhale zolakwika zing'onozing'ono zimapangitsa mwanayo kukhala pachiopsezo cha mavuto a chikhalidwe. Kuti ateteze mwanayo ku phobia, amai ayenera kukhala odekha komanso osamala.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti anthu azitha kukhala nawo pachikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha chitukuko chikhoza kukhala chochitika chosasangalatsa chomwe chidzakhala chothandizira chenichenicho pakupanga matenda a maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, mwana wa sukulu anadzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi, kenako anayamba kuchita mantha kuyankha pa bolodilo kapena anakana kupita ku sukuluyi. Kuwonjezera apo mantha awa akhoza kufalikira ndi kulankhulana ndi anzawo, makamaka - ndi oimira amuna kapena akazi. Gulu la ngozi yapadera limaphatikizapo ana omwe makolo awo amavutika ndi anthu ena.
Chifukwa chachitukuko cha phobia chikhoza kukhala:
- kusowa koyezetsa ndi kulemekeza koyenera kuchokera kwa makolo ali mwana;
- kuwonetsera zofuna zowonongeka kwa mwana;
- kunyoza ana onse;
- mikangano mu timu kapena banja;
- moyo wosasamala wa makolo;
- chiyambi cha moyo wa kugonana;
- matenda oopsa.
Chikhalidwe cha anthu - zizindikiro
Ngati chifukwa cha kuopsezedwa ndi mantha ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu cha anthu, munthu amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa, zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zambiri:
- mpweya wochepa;
- mavuto ndi zolankhula - wosalankhula, wosayankhula;
- kuchuluka kwa mtima;
- chisokonezo;
- chizungulire;
- kupsinjika kwa miyendo;
- kutentha kapena kutentha thukuta.
Zizindikilo za chikhalidwe cha anthu
Zizindikiro zapamwambazi zomwe zimatchulidwa pamwambapa zikutanthawuza kuti munthu akudziŵa kuti ndi munthu wotchedwa phobia, momwe kudetsa nkhawaku kumaonekera mumtima mwake:
- pokonzekera zochitika zoipitsitsa;
- potsutsa chidwi;
- mu nkhawa, kukwiya, kukangana;
- malotowo;
- mu lingaliro la kale;
- mukumverera kwa ubongo "wopanda kanthu".
Makhalidwe omwe ali ndi thupi ndi maganizo a chikhalidwe cha anthu:
- kulankhula pamaso pa omvera ambiri (yankho pa bolodi lakuda kusukulu, yunivesite);
- kuwonetsa maluso awo kapena luso lawo kwa owonera ochuluka (ntchito pa siteji, mpikisano);
- kuyankhulana;
- malingaliro a bizinesi;
- misonkhano ndi anthu otchuka, ovomerezeka;
- kulankhulana ndi alendo;
- zokambirana pa foni, skype;
- kuyendera malo ambirimbiri;
- zochita zilizonse pa anthu (zopsereza, kuwerenga).
Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi phobia?
Kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda ovutika maganizo, ndi kofunika kuti aphunzire kuyang'ana zochitika zina zoopsya mosiyana ndi kukumbukira - chikhalidwe cha anthu ena ndi chochiritsika. Kawirikawiri, ena samazindikira zolakwa za ena, chifukwa akuyang'ana paokha. Ndipo ngakhale iwo atawawona iwo samachita kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Kugonjetsa nkhanza zachangu sizingagwire ntchito, koma ndizokonzekera zidzatha. Ngati simukuchita kanthu, nkhawa yaumunthu ikhoza kukhala yongopeka - mantha a anthu onse.
Kodi mungagonjetse bwanji anthu ena?
Kuti mudziwe mmene mungachotsere anthu ena, muyenera kuonana ndi wothandizira. Kuphatikiza kukonzekera maganizo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Adotolo adzaphunzitsa chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti azidzikonda, kudziletsa, kuthandizira kulimbana ndi maganizo olakwika. Pothandizidwa ndi maganizo a chidziwitso, munthu ayamba kumverera bwino. Nthaŵi zina, madokotala amadziŵa kuti anthu ena amakhala ndi vuto lochita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Mankhwala amaphatikizapo kuponderezana, mankhwala a benzodiazepine.
Kodi mungagonjetse bwanji anthu ena?
Kukhalapo pansi pa goli la socibia phobia ndi kovuta kwambiri, koma ngati munthu sakufuna kuonana ndi katswiri pazifukwa zina, akhoza kuyesa kudzithandizira yekha. Pofufuza kuti anthu azikhala ndi anthu ena, mankhwala ayenera kuyamba pokhapokha kuthetsa zizindikiro - phunzirani kupuma, kusintha njira ya moyo, kusiya nthawi yambiri yopumula ndi zosangalatsa, kudya ndi kudya mowa wambiri wa khofi ndi mowa.
Malangizo a katswiri wa zamaganizo kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo cha anthu ena:
- Kuti musadalire zochepa pa malingaliro a ena, nkofunika kupanga mawonekedwe abwino, kukhala ndi zida zamphamvu;
- simungapewe zovuta - izi zingangowonjezera vuto;
- kuchotseratu chikhalidwe cha anthu kuchokera kumalo ochepa - njira zochepa zowonjezera mantha zidzasokoneza ntchitoyo;
- Ndikofunika kukumbukira kwanthawizonse - aliyense amakonda izo zosatheka, osati kwenikweni;
- Kuti muchiritse bwino, muyenera kusonyeza zochepa ndikukhala okhudzidwa ndi dziko lozungulira.
Orthodoxy yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu
Ndikofunika kuti wokhulupirira adziŵe m'mene mpingo umadziwira kuti anthu amadziwika kuti ndi otani. Atsogoleri achipembedzo amatsutsa kuti anthu ena amodzi ndi aulesi omwe sakhala odzichepetsa kapena oleza mtima. Powona vuto lake, chikhalidwe cha anthu, mmalingaliro a tchalitchi, chiyenera kuyesetsa kuthetsa vutoli. Ndipo kuti musamawope anthu - muyenera kuwakonda, ndipo musadzipangire nokha. Ndipo chikondi chomwe munthu amakumana nacho, mantha ochepa komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Amadyerero ovutika ndi anthu ena
Zodabwitsa, pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya dziko, pali ambiri a iwo omwe amatchedwa social phobia. Anthu awa akukakamizika kulimbana ndi mantha awo ndipo akhoza kukhala zitsanzo kwa ena:
- Kim Basinger akuopa kuchita poyera ndipo akuvutika ndi mantha, komabe akupitirizabe kulimbana ndi vuto la phobia, limene amathandizidwa ndi katswiri wamaganizo ndi mwana wamkazi.
- Robert Pattinson - nthawi zonse anali wamanyazi komanso wosasunthika, adathandizidwa kujambula mafilimu ndi mafilimu, ngakhale adakhala wokonda kuseweretsa mtsikana wina.
- Jim Carrey - osati popanda chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti pansi pa kachete amadzibisa munthu womvetsa chisoni kwambiri - wojambula wotchuka wakhala nthawizonse wamantha, ndipo amangodzigwira okha kumuthandiza kuthana ndi nkhawa ndi kutchuka.
- James Hetfield - "abwera" kuchokera ku zovuta zomwe membala wa gulu la Metallica adathandizira nyimbo, ndipo adalangiza mafanizi ake kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika kuti athe kumasulira maloto awo.