Kodi autism, zizindikiro za ana ndi akulu omwe akudwala matendawa ndi chiyani? Matendawa amachitidwa - mafunso omwe amakhudza anthu ochuluka padziko lonse omwe adakumana ndi matendawa ndi okondedwa awo. Katswiri wa autism ndizofooka zokhazokha kwa iwo omwe angafune kuona mwana wawo wachibadwa ndi wokondwa.
Autism - ndi chiyani?
Kodi autism ndi chifukwa chiyani chiwerengero chobadwa ndi matendawa m'zaka zaposachedwapa chawonjezeka makumi khumi - maphunzirowa akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu biology ndi majini. Pali mafunso ambiri kuposa mayankho. Autism ndi matenda a chilengedwe omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe a kukula kwa ubongo mu intrauterine nthawi. Mu moyo pali zolakwitsidwa zingapo mu chiyanjano cha chikhalidwe, kusintha ndi kumiza kwa autist mwa iyemwini.
Kodi kusiyana kotani pakati pa matenda ndi autism?
Autism - kodi matendawa ndi chiyani komanso akugwirizana bwanji ndi matenda a Down? Ena amaganiza kuti izi ndi zomwezo. Ana-daunyata amacheza ndi anthu ambiri, koma 10% amapezeka autistic. Kusiyana kwa Down syndrome kuchokera ku autism:
- Down syndrome ndi matenda akuluakulu a trisomy 21 awiriawiri a chromosomes, omwe amaimira osati awiri koma ma chromosomes atatu. Autism - kuphwanya kukula kwa ziwalo za ubongo.
- Matenda a pansi ali ndi maonekedwe osiyana, chifukwa chake, ana omwe ali ndi matendawa amawoneka chimodzimodzi (kamphindi kakang'ono ka phokoso, khungu lachitatu, kamwa yotseguka, nkhope yowonongeka). Ovomerezeka akhoza kuganiza kuti akuphwanya khalidwe.
- Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down akudwala matenda a dementia. Pakati pa magalimoto, pali anthu aluso ambiri omwe ali ndi luso lapadera, chifuwa chachikulu cha mthemphaya chimakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, ana amanyalanyaza mwana, mitundu yambiri ya autism.
Zifukwa za Autism
Vuto la autism kapena matenda a chilengedwe, ma genetic samapereka tanthauzo lolondola la chifukwa chomwe ochita kafukufuku akugwirira ntchito kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwake, koma pali zomwe zimayambitsa ndi zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:
- zopotoka pakukula kwa ubongo mu nthawi ya intrauterine;
- kusamutsidwa kwa cholowa;
- kuphwanya njira zamagetsi;
- Matenda opatsirana a amayi (toxoplasmosis, rubella) pa nthawi ya mimba;
- Katemera wa katemera (wosatsimikiziridwa).
Zizindikiro za Autism
Kodi autism ndi yotani? Kutsindika kwa autism kumakopa chidwi, koma matendawa angapangidwe kokha pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa ndi kufufuza. Kawirikawiri, zizindikiro za autism ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha matenda kapena matenda ena, monga schizophrenia, Down syndrome , khunyu komanso schizotypic disorder.
Autism mwa akuluakulu - zizindikiro
Munthu wopondereza ndi munthu yemwe amaganizira zinthu zosawerengeka za anthu wamba. Autism mwa anthu akuluakulu amadziwonetsera ku kusokonezeka kwakung'ono mu njira zoyankhulirana, kufooketsa maganizo. Kodi wamkulu autism angaganize bwanji pamaziko a:
- kuwonjezereka;
- kusasintha bwino pakati pa anthu ndi moyo wodziimira;
- mosamala mosamala malamulo ndi miyambo yomwe idapangidwa ndi iwo;
- kutseka, nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo luso labwino.
Magetsi a autistic:
- kusasokonezeka kwa chikhalidwe;
- kusakhoza kudziŵa luso loyamba la kudzipangira;
- matenda a maganizo.
Autism kwa ana - zizindikiro
Mwana wodzitetezera ndi munthu wobatizidwa mudziko lake. Munthu aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe ake apaderadera komanso maonekedwe a autistic matenda payekha, koma pali zizindikiro zofanana:
- kuyambira ali wakhanda, kusowa chikondi kwa amayi;
- Kuwonekera kwawoneka sikuthandizidwa;
- ana ayamba kulankhula mochedwa ndi pang'ono;
- mphunzitsi;
- amakonda kusewera ndi zinthu zachilendo kapena chidole chimodzi;
- kuopa kwambiri.
Ali ndi zaka 5 mpaka 10, zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndizo:
- Kulankhula kumaphatikizapo zilembo za mawu omveka kuchokera kwa akuluakulu, kuchokera ku mapulogalamu a pa TV ndi wailesi;
- Kusintha zovala, kusintha njira kapena malo omwe mumakhala nawo kumabweretsa nkhawa;
- Mwanayo amadziwika ndi zolakwika.
Kuyambira ali mwana, ngati mwanayo ali pakati pa anthu, zotsatirazi zikhoza kukhazikika:
- chikhumbo chokhala nokha;
- zofuna zochepa;
- khalidwe lachizolowezi;
- kuphulika kwafupipafupi.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza autism?
Kaya autism imachiritsidwa ndi nkhani yaikulu ya makolo omwe anapeza ana akutsimikiziridwa ndi kufufuza ndi matenda. Mwamwayi - sikuchiritsidwa, koma izi siziyenera kukhala chifukwa chodandaula. Ntchito yaikulu yonse yothetsera vutoli ndi kukhazikitsa pakati pa mwanayo imagwera pamapewa a makolo. Kuchokera pazochita zawo: kutsatira malangizo a dokotala, chikondi, chipiriro ndi kukoma mtima kumadalira kukula kwaumwini kwa autistic mwana.
Kuchiza kwa Autism
Therapy of autistics ikuchitika malinga ndi kuuma kwa njira ya matenda. Mtundu wochepa wa autism umakonzedwa mothandizidwa ndi ma psychotherapy ndi mapulogalamu a anthu. Kupambana, kugwiritsa ntchito nyama mankhwala (hippotherapy, dolphin thérapie) - kugwirizana ndi zinyama ndi nyama kumabweretsa kukhazikika kwa psyche. Mitundu yovuta ya autism, limodzi ndi matenda aakulu, mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala.
Mankhwala othandiza a autism
Chithandizo chapadera cha autism sichiripo, pali chizindikiro chokha, chomwe chimayesedwa kuthetsa zizindikiro. Kukonzekera kumachitika ndi mankhwala:
- Haloperidol (neuroleptic). Mavuto a khalidwe la msinkhu, amachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwabwino kumachotsa chidwi cha magalimoto, kumathandiza kuti mwanayo aziyanjana.
- Kukonzekera kwa mankhwalawa kumachepetsa chiwonongeko cha mkwiyo ndi khalidwe lowononga.
- Fluoxamine, fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitors) - imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawu ovomerezeka a autistic ndi osagwirizana.
Chithandizo cha autism ndi matenda okhudza kutupa thupi si mankhwala, koma ngati chida chothandizira chagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Kukonzekera kwa kutupa kwa tizilombo pa chithandizo cha autism:
- Baryta carbonica (Barite carbonica)
- Hellidonium (chelidonium).
Autism - mankhwala ndi mankhwala owerengeka
Kutengera kwa autism ndi udindo waukulu, wogona pamapewa a okondedwa, ndipo kudzipiritsa sikuvomerezeka apa. Mankhwala am'deralo angakhale kuwonjezera pa chithandizo chofunikira chokhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri. Chithandizo ndi zitsamba ndizokhazikitsa mgwirizano wa maganizo, chifukwa cha izi, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- mayi;
- valerian;
- sikshi Siberian;
- chamomile.
Kudya mu Autism
Matenda a autism ndi matenda osokoneza maganizo, komanso njira zamagetsi. Makolo othandizira anazindikira kuti ana awo salekerera mitundu yambiri ya zakudya, ndipo zakudya monga tirigu, soya, mkaka wa ng'ombe sizimadya chakudya - anawo amamva bwino ndipo adasinthidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Izi zinapangitsa lingaliro la kulenga zakudya zapadera zochizira matenda a autistic, chifukwa ichi, zigawo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa zakudya:
- casin (yomwe imapezeka mu mkaka wa zinyama);
- gluteni (mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu tirigu wa tirigu, rye, oats ndi balere);
- aspartame (zokometsera zokongoletsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, zakumwa za carbonate, kutafuna chingamu);
- glutamate sodium (yowonjezeretsa, kupititsa patsogolo kukoma kwa mankhwala, omwe akuwonjezeredwa).
Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- nyemba (nyemba, nandolo, nkhuku, mphodza);
- Nthanga zomwe mulibe gluten (buckwheat, mapira, chimanga, amaranth);
- nyama zonenepa;
- zosiyanasiyana zamasamba, zipatso;
- nsomba;
- mkaka wa soya.
Zojambula zojambula zokhudza zamagetsi
Anthu ambiri opanga mafilimu amatha kukamba nkhani ya anthu apadera pazojambula zawo. Kodi autist ndi chiyani chomwe chiri chodziwikiratu kwa anthu otere, mungathe kupeza mwa kuyang'ana mafilimu abwino awa:
- "Kuwonjezeka kwa Mercury / Mercury Kupitirira . " Chikondwerero cha ku America mu 1998 ndi B. Willis pantchito ya FBI wogwira ntchito, yemwe amateteza mwana wamwamuna Simon, yemwe adawulula chinsinsi chatsopano cha "Mercury". Simon ali ndi zaka 9 ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maganizo ndi zojambula ndi zojambula siziyimira vuto lililonse kwa iye, iye ndi waulemu-autist yemwe adayang'anitsitsa ntchito yapadera.
- "Dzina langa ndi Khan. " Firimuyi imatchula zochitika za mu 2011, pamene m'maganizo a anthu Asilamu amakhala magwero a mavuto ndi mantha. Rizvan Khan ndi Msilamu yemwe ali ndi mtundu wapadera wa autism asperger syndrome wakwanitsa kutsimikizira kuti pakati pa mtundu uliwonse ndi chipembedzo muli anthu abwino ndi okoma mtima.
- Mvula Yamvula . Dustin Hoffman monga munthu-savant (autist ndi luso laumunthu) ndikumvetsetsa kozizwitsa ndi mphamvu mu masabata pang'ono kuti apange kuchuluka kwa masamu, pokhalabe pa msinkhu wa chitukuko cha mwana wamng'ono woopsya. Amaopa kuthawa ndege, chifukwa amakumbukira anthu ambiri omwe anaphedwa pa ngozi ya ndege.
- "Mkulu wa kachisi . " Firimuyi inachokera pazojambula za katswiri wodziwika bwino wa sayansi ya zamoyo ndi wolemba yemwe, mosiyana ndi matenda a "autism", anazindikiridwa bwino pakati pa anthu.
- Adam / Adam . Firimu yokhudzana ndi mavuto ocheza nawo anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autistic komanso kufunika kopeza ntchito yawo.
Amadziwika bwino
Maonekedwe ovuta a autistic akhoza "kupereka" munthu wodabwitsa mu malo alionse. Ben Affleck wolemba malipiro mu filimuyo "Payback" ankasewera katswiri wodziwa zambiri. Mumoyo weniweni, zimachitikadi kuti chilengedwe, pokhala chotsalira, chimapereka mphoto kwa munthuyo ndi maluso ena ndi maluso. Pochirikiza ichi, pali anthu omwe apatsa dziko zinthu zambiri zopezeka ndi zowonjezera. Anthu otchuka ndi autism:
- Leonardo da Vinci . Cholinga cha wojambulayo ndi amene anayambitsa kukhala wangwiro ndi kukonzekera kwambiri pazomwe zing'onozing'ono (milomo ya Mona Lisa inalembedwa ndi akatswiri kwa zaka 12) imasonyeza munthu wodziwa momwemo.
- Kim Peak . Chithunzi chenichenicho cha msilikali wa filimuyo "Munthu Wa Mvula." Kim anabadwa ndi matenda ambirimbiri a ubongo. Zotsatira zake zinapezeka kuti mnyamatayo ali ndi chikumbukiro chodabwitsa ndipo amakumbukira mpaka 98 peresenti ya zomwe adawerenga kapena kuziwona.
- Mkulu wa kachisi . Pogwiritsa ntchito matendawa, wasayansi wina waluso wapanga ntchito zambiri za anthu ndipo akufotokozera za zochitika zake za mkati zomwe zimakhudzana ndi matenda a autistic. Iye anapanga makina otchedwa "kukumbatira", kuti athetse autistes ndi amatsenga.
- Lionel Messi . Wotsutsa wotchuka wa "Barcelona" ndipo malinga ndi otsutsa omwe ali mtsogoleri wa mpira wa mpira padziko lonse L. Messi ndi autist, zomwe sizimulepheretsa kukhala pulojekiti yake.
- Donna Williams . Kodi mwana autism, wojambula waluso komanso wolemba mabuku wa Australia akudziwiratu yekha. Ali mwana, Donna anali wogontha ndipo analepheretsa maganizo mpaka atapezeka kuti ali ndi autism.