Chodabwitsa kwambiri maluwa a colchicum (kapena colchicum) amachokera ku Mediterranean. Dzina lake lachiwiri limatanthauza "Colchis" - malo akumadzulo kwa Georgia, kumene mitundu yambiri ya chomera ichi imapezeka. Tsopano chikhalidwe chikhoza kukula m'madera onse ndi nyengo yozizira.
Colchicum - ndondomeko
Chomera chosatha cha herbaceous chimatchedwa banja lakakombo. Ziwalo zake zonse, makamaka mizu - ndizoopsa. Mu mankhwala opangidwa ndi tsinde, masamba, mbewu, pali resins, alkaloids, tannins, shuga ndi lipids. Cesspool imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama mankhwala ochiritsira monga mankhwala ochepetsa kupweteka kwa radiculitis, rheumatism, nyamakazi, antiemetic, diuretic ndi laxative. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mavitamini ndi mafuta odzola. M'munda, duwa limatchuka chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa ndi kukongoletsa.
Kodi chiwombankhanga chikuwoneka bwanji?
Colchicum imakhala yotsika kwambiri pamtunda wa masentimita 10 mpaka 50. Iyo imakhala ndi masamba akuluakulu opangidwa ndi maluwa a mdima wamtundu wakuda wakuda womwe umapangidwa m'chaka, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe amatha. Mizu ya chomeracho ndi oblong corms, 3-5 masentimita yaitali, yokutidwa ndi msuzi wakuda. Colchicum colchicum amapanga amodzi, amaliseche, amawoneka ngati mapiri, amphongo ndi maluwa akuluakulu kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 25. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera kuchokera ku zoyera. Babu pafupipafupi amapereka 3-4 maluwa.
Kodi colchicum ikuphuka liti?
Chomeracho chinalandira dzina lake kukhala chiyero chapadera cha chitukuko. M'katikati mwa nyengo, timapepala timangoyamba kumera kuchokera kwa iye, mu maluwa a colchicum amapita m'dzinja kuyambira October mpaka chisanu choyamba. Ntchitoyi imatha pafupi mwezi. Panthawiyi, maluwa amawombera njuchi, kenako masamba amafota, ndi mazira ozizira m'nyengo ya chisanu. Mitundu ina ya zomera imafalikira kumapeto kwa nyengo, koma siwodziwika bwino.
Kusiyana kwa mitundu ya mtundu colchicum - mu nthawi ya kukonzanso kwa corollas, ilibe masamba. Zipatso ndi kapule wonyezimira kwambiri ndi zisa zitatu, zimawonekera kale mu kasupe wotsatira, mwamsanga chitatha chotentha. Mbewu zipsa mu May-June. Pambuyo pake, gawo lina la mbewu limatha kwathunthu, ndipo babu "amagona tulo" mpaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, mpaka iyenso amafunika kutaya maluwa.
Mitundu ya ogwirizanitsa
Mtundu wa colchicum uli ndi mitundu yoposa 70, yosiyana pakati pa nthawi ndi maluwa. Kwa ambiri a iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mayina osiyanasiyana - crocus autumnal, safiritsi yamphepete, wamaliseche. Iwo amagawidwa mu yophukira ndi masika. Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'minda yamaluwa imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yotchuka:
- Mbalame ya Colchicum - yambiri yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imakhala yaikulu ya masentimita 30, masamba a masamba amakhala ndi mphepo. Maluwa ake ndi pinkish-purple, kuonekera mu September. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamaluwa - yoyera, yofiirira, mahr, yaikulu.
- Colchicum wokondwa (kapena wowala) - m'dzinja panthawi ya maluwa malowa amawoneka ngati malo okongola. Mababu ake amakula mofulumira ndikupanga ma carpets a mtundu wotumbululuka-wofiira corollas mpaka masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake ali ndi rosette yooneka ngati magnolia. Chinthu chosiyana ndi chosatha nthawi zonse ndikutsegulira maluwa m'nyengo yozizira. Iye ndi wodzichepetsa komanso wotchuka ndi alimi amaluwa.
- Colchic Ankara ndi chomera cham'mawa. Mafuta ndi masamba amawoneka mwa iye mu February-March. Ili ndi masamba atatu osakanikirana ndi maluwa awiri ofiirira a pinki, omwe amatha kupezeka mu April.
- Cedarberry Byzantine - chomera chili ndi zazikulu, rosettes ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi kukhudza stamens. Maluwa ake ndi aakulu, okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola, ofewa-lilac. Babu limodzi likhoza kumasula mpaka masamba 20. Zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula.
Colchicum - chisamaliro ndi kulima
Khalani ndi madzi ozizira mosavuta, kukula ndi kusamalira sikungayambitse mavuto. Iye ndi wodzichepetsa, amakula pamtunda uliwonse, amakhala ndi nthaka yowonongeka, yotentha kwambiri, yomwe ili yabwino kwa chinyezi ndi mpweya. Colchicum amamva bwino, onse awiri dzuwa ndi penumbra. Chilimwe chomera chilala mosalekerera, chisanu sichiwopa - mababu kuchokera ku nthaka samatulutsidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Mitengo ya terry ndi yoyera mu chisanu iyenera kuphimbidwa ndi masamba ogwa.
Colchicum - kutsika
Ikani nthaka colchicum mu August, mutabzala chomeracho ndibwino, chifukwa chili mu mpumulo. Kwa kulima, mababu amatengedwa, amaikidwa pansi ndi nthawi ya masentimita 20 pakati pa zitsanzo. Kuzama kwa tubers kumalo kumadalira kukula kwake ndipo kumasiyanasiyana ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 20. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nthaka imayenera kukhala umuna - pangani 1 tbsp. l. superphosphate ndi lita imodzi ya phulusa pa 1 mita lalikulu malo. Mu nthaka musanabzala pansi pa kukumba chidebe cha humus ndi 5 malita a mchenga pa 1 sq.m.
Manyowa amachititsa kuti apange masamba amphamvu ndikudyetsa tubers ndi zakudya. Bloomberries kuchokera mababu amatha patatha pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito tuber m'nthaka, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti thumba lake lalitali likuyang'ana pansi - kenako maluwa amakula. M'zaka zotsatira, masika ndi autumn, pamene zimayambira za chikhalidwe zikukula, mbewu imadyetsedwa ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni. Manyowa ovuta pamtundu wa magalamu 30 amapereka 1 mita imodzi ya chiwembu.
Ndi liti kuti musamuke colchicum?
Chomera chikukula motalika bwino pamalo amodzi - zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi. Ndiye kumuika n'kofunika, odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kuti ichitike yonse 2-3 zaka. Apo ayi, mababuwo amakula mofulumira, amakhala ochulukirapo, mcherewu umakhala wochepa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, maluwa a chomera amakula pang'ono kapena amatha kwathunthu. Choncho, mababu achikulirewa ndi bwino kukumba kwathunthu, kuwagawa iwo kukhala mwana wamwamuna ndi amayi omwe ali ndi amayi omwe amatha kusamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ofunikira kwambiri.
Ndi liti pamene mukufuna kukumba mkungudza?
Colchicum imabweretsanso mosavuta ndi mwana wamkazi tubers. Kuwombera mizu ndi kuika chikhalidwe ndikofunikira mu August, pamene chomera chimakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Koma muyenera kukumba makonzedwewo pasadakhale. Kwa cesspool, chisamaliro ndi kulima zimachitika podziwa nthawi ya chitukuko cha zomera. Kokani mababu kumayambiriro kwa mpumulo wa vegetative. Izi zimachitika pakati pa chilimwe pambuyo pa imfa ya gawo la nthaka, isanayambe maluwa - pambuyo pa masamba kutembenukira chikasu ndikugwa pansi (m'mawa kapena kumapeto kwa July). Pambuyo pa kulekanitsidwa kwa achinyamata tubers iwo abzalidwa pansi.
Colchicum - kubalana
Kufalitsa colchicum kungakhale mbewu ndi mababu a mwana. Pachiyambi choyamba, maluwa angapezeke kokha pambuyo pa zaka 5-7, njira yachiwiri - yowonjezera. Colchicum - njira ziwiri zazikulu zoberekera:
- Mbewu. Mbeu za maluwa zimabuka pakati pa chilimwe. Iwo amathiridwa kanthawi kochepa m'madzi ndipo amafesedwa mu nthaka yosasunthika, yonyowa, yokhala ndi umuna mu July. Magulu adzawonekera kokha chaka chamawa. Zimakhala zosavuta kuwasamalira - zowera bwino, madzi ngati kuli kofunikira, sulani namsongole ndikuphimba masamba m'nyengo yozizira.
- Tubers. Pakati pa July, ikafika nthawi yolima colchicum, tubers akale achotsedwa ndipo ana awo amachotsedwa kwa iwo. Mababu amakhala pamtunda wa masentimita 30-35, ayenera kufufuzidwa mosamala. Mitundu ya tubers imachotsedwa pansi, chubu-thundu sichidulidwa pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pake, amatsukidwa, amagawanika, amawasungira kwa theka la ora mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Ndiye zouma ndi kusungira muuma nthawi isanakwane (pafupi masiku 2-3) pa 24 ° C. Chapakatikati mwa August, mababuwo abzalidwa mu gawo lapansi lopangidwa ndi feteleza.
Colchicum chisamaliro
Colchicum imatengedwa ngati chomera chodzichepetsa, chisamaliro chake chimafunikira zochepa. Kuthirira sikofunikira, humidification imapangidwa pa nthawi ya maluwa, ngati nthawi ino mumsewu ndi nyengo youma. Nthawi zina, chomeracho chimakhala ndi mvula yokwanira - chikhalidwe sichimakonda chinyezi, pamene mababu amayamba kuvunda. Zina zonse zimachotsa kuchotsa namsongole ndi chivundikiro cha zitsanzo zazing'ono m'nyengo yozizira ndi masamba owuma, lapnik, peat crumbs.
Colchicum nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi slugs ndi misomali yomwe imadya masamba obiriwira mumsamba. Pofuna kuteteza kumapereka nthawi yochezera nthaka, kusinthanitsa ulimi wothirira. Mtundu ukhoza kukonzedwa ndi miyala, seyala, mazira. Ndi maonekedwe a opha tizilombo toononga tizilombo, fungicides Topaz, Champion, Kuproksat adzapulumutsidwa. Mbali zokhudzidwa kwambiri za zomera zimayenera kuchotsedwa.