Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amafa ndi chifuwa chachikulu chaka chilichonse. Matendawa ndi osalongosoka: Kuchokera nthawi ya matenda kupita ku chitukuko chachikulu, zingatenge zaka. Ndikofunika kudziwa chifuwa chachikulu pa chigawo choyambirira - zizindikiro (zizindikiro zoyamba) zimathandizira izi, ndiye n'zosavuta kuzichiritsa.
Chifuwa chachikulu cha mapapo - zizindikiro, zizindikiro zoyamba
Kukula kwa matendawa kumayambitsidwa ndi mycobacteria - ndodo ya Koch. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayesetsa. Madzi, mabakiteriya akhoza kusunga ntchito zawo mpaka masiku 60, ndipo pamtunda wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana - mpaka masabata anayi. Ngakhalenso kumalo oundana, mtunda wa Koch ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zambiri. Matendawa amapezeka motere:
- Zamadzimadzi (pambuyo poyankhula ndi kachilombo kapena chonyamulira, kukhala m'chipinda chimodzi ndi wodwalayo);
- ndi chakudya;
- njira yopanda malire (kuchokera kwa mayi wodwala kachilombo kupita ku khanda);
- kudzera mu zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito;
- kudzera kumpsomps ndi kugonana.
Momwe mungazindikire chifuwa chachikulu cha m'magazi chimadalira pa siteji ya chitukuko cha matendawa. Kusiyanitsa magawo otsatirawa:
- choyamba, chomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiri m'mapapu;
- Gawo lachilendo - pamtunda uwu, kachilombo sikusokoneza anthu ena);
- mawonekedwe otseguka (owopsa kwambiri);
- Gawo lachiwiri (matenda akufalikira mthupi lonse).
Mitundu yotsekemera ya chifuwa chachikulu
Makhalidwe akulu a matendawa ndi awa:
- zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimapereka mayeso a khungu;
- kusowa malaise;
- Chotsatira cha kusanthula kamatenda;
- ndi radiography palibe kusintha kooneka m'mapapu.
Fomu yotsekedwa si yoyera, mwinamwake dziko silikanakhala ndi munthu mmodzi wosagonjetsedwa. Komabe, musamapumula - simungaiwale momwe chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo chikuwonetseredwa. Nthawi iliyonse, mawonekedwe otsekedwa akhoza kupita poyera. Panthawi imeneyi matendawa ndi ochizira kwambiri, ndipo amatsatiridwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera. Mukawazindikira iwo m'kupita kwa nthawi, zimakhala zosavuta kupirira matendawa.
Tsegulani mawonekedwe a chifuwa chachikulu - zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimasonyeza kokha pamene tizilombo toyambitsa matenda alowa m'magazi. Pa gawo loyambirira, siwoneka bwino, koma pamene matendawa akupita, zizindikiro zoyamba za chifuwa chachikulu cha mfupa zimatchulidwa. Zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikutanthauza zizindikiro za malaise mu mawonekedwe ovuta:
- kupweteka kolemera;
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kupweteka pachifuwa ndi chifuwa chachikulu;
- kuchepa kwachangu;
- kusinthasintha kwafupipafupi;
- malungo.
Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za chifuwa chachikulu zimaphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu - chimakhala chofewa komanso chosavuta, ndi zosafunika zamagazi m'matumbo. Ngati muzindikira zizindikiro zingapo panthawi imodzimodzi, muyenera nthawi yomweyo kupeza thandizo lachipatala. Nthaŵi yotayika siimayendera wodwalayo: malo ovuta amatha. Apa pali momwe mawonekedwe a chifuwa chachikulu amachitira:
- kutentha pa 39 ° C;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- thukuta pa nthawi ya tulo;
- odwala amadandaula zafooka ndi kutopa.
Kodi chifuwachi chikuwoneka motani?
Ichi ndi matenda aakulu a minofu ya minofu yomwe imadziwika ndi mapangidwe a granuloma ndi mafupa. Chofala kwambiri ndi matenda omwe amakhudza msana. Amapezeka 40% mwa milandu. Matenda a mchiuno ndi maondo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Zimatchulidwa m'mabuku 20%. Nthawi zambiri, pali matenda a miyendo yapamwamba ndi ziwalo za mitsempha. Ali ndi zizindikiro zotero za chifuwa chachikulu (zozizwitsa zoyamba), zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili ndi matenda ena opatsirana.
Kusiyanitsa magawo otsatirawa:
- Matenda a pulasitiki, omwe sapezeka.
- Kupita patsogolo kosavuta.
- Zizindikiro zovuta kwambiri za chifuwa cha mafupa zimatchulidwa. Pa nthawiyi, fistula imaonekera, ziphuphuzo ndizopunduka ndipo kutalika kwa mapeto kumasiyana.
- Kupitiriza osteitis ndi kuwonongeka kwa mafupa.
- Osteoarthritis . Gawo ili likuwonetsedwa mu gawo la kuvunda kwa ndondomeko yotupa.
Chifuwa cha m'matumbo - zizindikiro
Ndi matenda opatsirana omwe ndi opatsirana. Ndi njira yachiwiri yomwe imayambira ndi matenda omwe amapitirira m'mapapo. Matumbo okhudzidwa ali ndi ziwalo zofanana ndi zotupa. Mitsempha yaying'ono imatha kuwoneka - granulomas. Pakati pa chitukuko cha matendawa, kukhudzidwa kwa mapangidwewo kumachitika, chifukwa cha mabala omwe amachotsa magazi akuwonekera.
Zizindikiro za matendawa zimathandiza kumvetsa momwe chifuwa chachikulu cha m'matumbo chimadziwonetsera. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimadalira kuuma kwake. Pa chifukwa ichi, chithunzi cha kliniki chikhoza kusintha mosiyanasiyana. Thandizani kudziwa chifuwa chachikulu cha matumbo a matumbo oyambirira, zomwe ndizo zotsatirazi:
- chiwombankhanga;
- zowawa pamphuno, zomwe zimakula panthawi yoyenda ndikugwira ntchito;
- kufooka kwakukulu;
- kufooka;
- thukuta lalikulu.
Chifuwa cha msana - zizindikiro
Pa nthawi yoyamba matendawa amapita popanda zizindikiro zapadera. Kwa nthawi yaitali pakhoza kukhala chithunzithunzi chachipatala chosasamala, malinga ndi zomwe zimavuta kupeza matenda. Kuphatikiza apo, chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mimba, zizindikiro zoyamba zimaperekedwa ndi zotsatirazi:
- kupweteka kwakumbuyo kwa mphamvu zosiyana, kumidzi komwe kumagwirizana ndi malo a malo;
- kusintha kwapangidwe ka mtundu wa msana;
- zofooka pakuyenda komanso kutaya mtima.
Zizindikiro zonsezi (zizindikiro zoyamba) za chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mimba zimasonyeza limodzi ndi zizindikiro zina za matendawa - malungo, kufooka ndi malaise. Chithunzi chanchi chachipatala chimachititsa dokotala kuganiza kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli. Komabe, adzapereka mapeto omaliza pokhapokha atayesedwa. Njira zotsatirazi zimathandiza kudziwa chifuwa chachikulu cha mafupa ndi ziwalo kapena msana:
- Ultrasound;
- mafilimu;
- MRI;
- chiwerengero;
- biopsy.
Chifuwa cha chiwindi
Matendawa amakula mu thupi lofooka, popanda mphamvu yakulimbana. Pali zifukwa zambiri izi: Kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kupanikizika kwambiri, kusowa tulo, zizoloŵezi zoipa, zachilengedwe zosauka, kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi. Mtundu uwu wa matendawa umawonetseredwa pamene wodwala amamva kupweteka kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha chifuwa kwa kanthawi. Mitundu ya miliari ya matendawa imapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za chifuwa chachikulu zimasonyeza zotsatirazi:
- ululu mu hypochondrium yolondola;
- anorexia;
- wosalimba chiwindi ntchito;
- malungo a chiyambi chosadziwika;
- mliri;
- Kukulitsa chiwindi;
- kufooka;
- kutentha kwa thupi;
- kusokonezeka ndi zina zotero.
Ndizovuta kunena chimodzimodzi, mutatha kuchuluka kwa chifuwa chachikulu cha TB. Zitha kutenga masabata 3 mpaka 12, ndipo nthawi zina zaka zisanafike, zizindikiro za matenda zimayamba kuonekera. Kuzindikira matendawa kumathandiza njira zotsatirazi:
- kusanthula chiwindi;
- biopsy ;
- laparoscopy;
- zojambulajambula.
Chifuwa chachikulu cha ma lymph node - zizindikiro, zizindikiro zoyambirira
Matendawa amatha kupitilira kumbuyo kwa matenda a pulmonary, komanso ngati matenda odziimira okhaokha. Maselo angapo amatha kukhudza kamodzi: kawirikawiri izi ndi submandibular, jugular ndi pre-hormonal. Mwachizolowezi, matendawa amapezeka mu mawonekedwe osalekeza ndipo amayamba ndi kumangiriza minofu. Chifuwa chachikulu cha ma lymph node chikuwonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- khungu kapena cyanosis khungu;
- ziwalo zowonjezera zowonjezereka;
- zowawa pambali ya compaction;
- kuchepa kwa mphamvu;
- kutentha kwa thupi.
Zizindikiro zimadalira pa siteji ya matenda:
- Fomu yophatikizapo imadziwika ndi kuwonetsera zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimafotokozedwa mofatsa;
- Gawo lopanda pake (fibrosis limayamba);
- Gawo lachiwiri (zizindikiro zimatchulidwa ndi kupweteka koopsa, monga m'mapapo a mapapo);
- mawonekedwe aakulu omwe angapangitse ku imfa.
Chifuwa chachikulu cha khungu
Pali njira ziwiri za matenda: zosagwirizana ndi zosadziwika. Yoyamba ikhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi ululu waukulu kumbuyo ndi chifuwa chachikulu kapena msana. Ndondomeko yotenga matenda ikukula ndikupitirira mkati mwa ziwalo, ndipo pambuyo pozilandira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatulutsa khungu. Pamene matenda okhwimitsa njira amachokera kunja. Ozunzidwa ake nthawi zambiri amatsata ndi ophika.
Kudziwa momwe chifuwa chachikulu chikuwonetsera kumayambiriro koyamba kumathandiza kuti athetse vutoli. Kudwala, pozindikira kuti palokha pamakhala maonekedwe, ayenera kukambirana mwamsanga kwa dokotala:
- mphutsi;
- chills;
- kuchepa kwa mphamvu;
- kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira;
- mayeso abwino a Mantoux.
Chifuwa cha diso - zizindikiro, zizindikiro zoyamba
Ndi matendawa, ziwalo zoonongeka zawonongeka ndipo ntchito yake imasokonezeka. Matendawa ndi achinyengo, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kuwonetsedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyana komanso nthawi zambiri. Odwala ena amachitira zolakwika zizindikiro za matenda oopsa kwambiri. Nthawi yawonongeka ndipo zinthu zimangowonjezereka.
Gawo loyamba la chifuwa chachikulu ndi zizindikiro:
- misozi yowonjezereka;
- kupuma kwa maso;
- yonjezerani pafupi ndi minofu ya minofu;
- kuperewera pang'ono kwa masomphenya.
Chifuwa cha impso ndi kapangidwe ka kaminidwe
Matenda aatali angakhoze kuchitika popanda zizindikiro zapadera. Kawirikawiri panthawi yomwe zizindikiro zoyamba zimaululidwa, chifuwa chachikulu chimakhala ndi nthawi yovuta. Chifukwa chake, kumenyana nawo kumafuna khama komanso mankhwala ambiri. Pano pali zizindikiro zoyamba za chifuwa chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka m'thupi:
- zowawa mu dera la lumbar;
- dysuria;
- magazi mu mkodzo;
- magazi;
- kuwonongeka kwa chilakolako;
- malungo.