Nyamayi ndi imodzi mwa masamba omwe amakonda kwambiri m'chilimwe, ndipo pafupifupi chilimwe chili chonse chimakhala chikukula. Sikovuta kwambiri, komabe kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, nkofunika kudziŵa nthawi komanso momwe nsalu za tomato zimakhalira.
Kuvala pamwamba koyenera kwa phwetekere
Oyamba ndi wamaluwa ayenera kudziwa kuti chovala chosayenera cha tomato kuthengo, osapanga nthawi, samapereka zotsatira. Zimatha kuwononga kwambiri kapena kuwononga mbewu kuti zisadye, choncho zinthu zina ndi zosakaniza zimayenera kukonzekera malinga ndi malamulo onse. Ngati mwaphonya mwangozi nthawi ya feteleza yokonzedweratu, ndi bwino kusiya lingaliro ili palimodzi. Choncho, tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane kuti apange pamwamba pa phwetekere pamalo otseguka, ndipo chifukwa chake amapangidwa.
Yoyamba feteleza ya tomato itatha pansi
Pambuyo pa kukwera kwake, chovala choyamba pamwamba pa phwetekere pamtunda pamapezeka masabata awiri kapena atatu, pamene mbande zakhala zitakhazikika kale ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira. Mwachizoloŵezi, izi zikhoza kukhala mapeto a May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June. Kudyetsa bwino kumathandiza kuti chomeracho chikula msanga ndikusanduka chitsamba chokongola kwambiri. Kwa odyetsa woyamba ndi bwino kusankha zosakaniza 10 malita a madzi:
- 0,5 malita a madzi mullein;
- 2 malita a nettle nettle;
- 1 tbsp. nitrofoski;
- 0,5 malita a manyowa a nkhuku.
Njira yosavuta ya umuna kwa phwetekere pamalo otseguka amatchedwa mzu, ndiko kuti, shrub ayenera kudyetsa kokha kupyolera muzu. Pa tchire lililonse la mbeu muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito 0,5 malita a feteleza. Kudyetsa kwachitika kamodzi kokha - ndikokwanira kupeza zotsatira zoyenera.
Top kuvala tomato atasankha
Zomera zojambula - ndikuziika pamtunda, muzu wa pakati pa mbeuyo umachotsedwa ku gawo lachitatu la kutalika kwake. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mphamvu zowonjezereka zimafunika kuti mizu ikhale yovuta, yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchepa kwachangu, pakadali pano, kuvala pamwamba kwa phwetekere pamalo otsekemera ayenera kukhala wochuluka komanso wathanzi.
Monga chovala chapamwamba mutatha kunyamula, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito yisiti ya mkate wophika mkate, koma n'kofunika kulingalira chinthucho - pochita ntchito yofunikira, zamoyo zomwe zili mkati mwake, zimawononga potaziyamu. Choncho, kudyetsa zomera, muyenera kuwonjezeranso izi mchere. Ikani feteleza makamaka m'mawa ndi kuthirira mbande ndi madzi kutentha.
Kuwonjezera phwetekere pa maluwa
Panthawi imeneyi, mphamvu zonse za phwetekere zimayendera maluwa, zimasowa potassium ndi phosphorous - mcherewu umapereka mankhwala abwino. Kukwera tomato pa maluwa kungakhale muzu kapena foliar. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mizu:
- Kwa malita 10 a madzi, gwiritsani supuni ya yisiti yowuma ndi supuni zitatu za shuga. Madzi amatha kutsalira kwa maola angapo, atadulidwa madzi 1:10 ndi kuthirira pansi pazu.
- Sakanizani phulusa ndi madzi ndi madzi zomera masiku angapo.
Njira ina ndi yotheka, monga kuvala pamwamba kwa tomato pamalo otseguka pa maluwa:
- Mu malita 4 a madzi, onjezerani madontho 15 a ayodini ndi lita imodzi ya mkaka. Tomato amatulutsidwa m'mawa ndi madzulo osati mochulukira, kuti njira yothetsera imatulutsa masamba.
- Supuni 2 ya superphosphate ikhoza kuchepetsedwa mu lita imodzi yamadzi otentha ndikuumiriza maola 12. Yankholo liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi pafupifupi 1:10, zomera zimatulutsidwa madzulo.
Kodi kangati kudyetsa tomato kangati?
Kodi kavalidwe kakang'ono ka phwetekere pamakhala pamtundu wotani, chiyenera kuganizidwa pakuganizira nkhani iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, kudyetsa phwetekere mutabzala kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo kamodzi kokha, koma ngati chomera sichili bwino kapena chimafuna, chikhoza kubwerezedwa masiku angapo. Zakudya zokongola komanso zodzaza moyo sizifunikira feteleza wochuluka, choncho nthawi yamaluwa kapena ovary mungathe kuwonjezera feteleza limodzi kapena awiri okha.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji tomato?
Kuwonjezera pa zomwe zafotokozedwa, pali zotsalira zambiri za mizu ndi mavalidwe a foliar, zomwe mungathe kukonzekera. Sizingathe kulimbikitsa tomato komanso kupereka chitukuko chabwino, komanso zimathandizira kupirira matenda osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimavala ngati tomato pamalo otseguka, komanso momwe angapangidwire okha.
Kutentha phwetekere ndi yisiti
Nsabwe yowonongeka kwa mtanda, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika, idzakuthandizani kukula mbewu zabwino za phwetekere. Zili ndi mapuloteni ambiri, zitsulo zamagetsi, amino acid ndi zambiri zamtundu ndi michele, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kukula. Chakudya chapamwamba cha yisiti kwa phwetekere pamalo otseguka chimapereka:
- kuwonjezera kupirira kwa phwetekere mbande;
- kufulumira kwa kukula;
- kulimbikitsa kupuma ndi kufalitsa;
- kuwonjezera chitetezo cha tomato kutsogolo kwa matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mu nthawi ya kukula kwachangu, yisiti feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimakhazikitsanso bwino nthaka, ndikupanga malo abwino kwambiri. Konzani mofulumira ndi pulayimale, sikudzatenga ngakhale mphindi zingapo. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yisiti iliyonse, youma kapena yonyowa. Kuti chisakanizocho chikhale ndi 1 makilogalamu a yisiti yamoyo ndi 5 malita a madzi.
Chakudyacho chimasungunuka ndi madzi, ndiye kusakaniza kumeneku kumaphatikizidwa ndi madzi pafupifupi 1:10. Chomera chotsatira chikhoza kutsanulidwa pa 0,5 l onse mwachindunji pansi pazu, komanso pambali pa chingwe. Ngati kusakaniza kotere kumathirira tomato tsiku lililonse, mutha kuona zotsatira zabwino - tomato adzakula ndipo adzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito yisiti youma, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba kwa tomato kumalo okonzeka kumakonzedwa motere: 10 g ya yisiti ndi supuni 2 za shuga zitasungunuka mu 10 malita a madzi. Musanagwiritse ntchito, njirayi ikhale yotsalira kwa maola angapo kuti imveke, itatha kuyamwa ndi madzi pafupifupi 1: 5. Izi feteleza zimaperekanso zomera ndi kukula ndi mphamvu.
Kudyetsa tomato ndi ammonia
Nitrate ndi njira yothetsera ammonia ndipo imakumba mosavuta. Amapereka chomeracho ndi nayitrogeni, amapanga mawonekedwe abwino a chitsamba ndikuthandiza maluwa ambiri. Komanso, kudyetsa nsomba kumalo otseguka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulibe maluwa, phesi lochepa, masamba aakulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa feteleza, m'pofunika kudziŵa kuti feteleza ndi ammonia iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa chikhoza kuvulaza kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyamba kumayera pamwamba ndi njira zofooka, kenako kuwonjezereka, ndipo chiwerengero chovomerezeka ndi supuni imodzi ya ammonia pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa tomato ndi boric acid
Kupaka zovala za tomato ndi boric asidi ndi imodzi mwa njira zosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo za umuna. Ikhoza kutchedwa chilengedwe chonse, kupereka tomato ndi boron ndi kuwateteza ku vuto lochedwa . Boron amathandiza kutenga zinthu zofunikira m'nthaka, kumalimbikitsa kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maluwa, imathandizira kupanga mapangidwe a mazira.
Nthawi yoyamba boric acid ngati chovala chokongoletsera cha tomato pamalo otseguka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa siteji yokonzekera mbewu yofesa. Kuti tichite izi, mbeu ziyenera kulowetsedwa muyeso wa 0,2 gramu pa lita imodzi yamadzi ofunda kwa maola 24. Chifukwa cha kuuluka uku, mbewu ikukula kwambiri. Boric acid monga chovala chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ovary. Pofuna kukonza njirayi, timagwiritsa ntchito 1 g ya boric acid pa madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndipo timakonza mbeu.
Koma chida ichi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala - ngati mlingo wa boric acid ukatha, tomato akhoza kuvutika kwambiri. Choncho, ngati tomato anayamba kuyang'ana moyipa pambuyo pa kuvala pamwamba, muyenera kuimitsa kotero kuti manyowa. Ngati chovala chokwera bwino, ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa pakapita masiku khumi.
Kupaka pamwamba ndi tomato potassium permanganate
Manganese wa tomato sangagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kuvala pamwamba, komanso ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Potaziyamu ndi manganese, zomwe zili mmenemo, zimapanga nthaka ya atomiki mpweya, umene umadyetsa mizu ya tomato ndipo imateteza mochedwa kupweteka. Koma wina sanganene mosavuta kuti potaziyamu permanganate ndi fetereza yabwino kwambiri ya tomato, imachotsa osati kokha kuvulaza komanso mabakiteriya opindulitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pamwamba pa kuvala mukufunikira yankho - 3 g wa potassium permanganate pa 10 malita a madzi. Athandizeni mbande ziyenera kubzala kamodzi, kapena kamodzi pa masiku khumi. Tomato amauzidwa motere: Njira yowonjezera imayenera kutsanuliridwa muzakonzeka bwino komanso tchire titabzala pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Pamene maluwa a tomato amabwera, njira yomweyo ingathe kudyetsedwa limodzi ndi limodzi.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa phwetekere ndi zitosi za nkhuku
Pofuna kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto, kusiyana ndi kudyetsa tomato, mankhwala ochizira, monga nkhuku manyowa, okhala nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, phosphate ndi magnesium ndi abwino kwambiri. Njira yosavuta ya manyowa ndiyo kukonzekera kulowetsedwa. Ndikofunika kuti mutenge manyowa odzaza ndi kuwatsanulira ndi madzi, chisakanizocho chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa masiku 2-3. Mtundu wake uyenera kukhala wofiira - ngati utasanduka mdima, feteleza ayenera kuchepetsedwa. Kudyetsa kotereku kumatchedwa kutchuka ndipo kumakhala kotetezeka kwa mbewu.
Kuthira tomato ndi phulusa
Phulusa la nkhuni liri ndi zinthu zonse zofunika pa tomato, choncho ndizodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Amalimbikitsa kukula, wabwino ovary ndi yakanthaŵi yakucha kucha zipatso. Koma musanayambe feteleza zomera ndi phulusa, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti kupitirira kwake kuli ndi zotsatira zoipa pa nthaka.
Zovala zapamwambazi zimangokonzeka mosavuta - pafupifupi 150 magalamu a phulusa ndipo malita 10 a madzi ndi osakaniza. Mbewu imodzi imasiya 0,5 malita a osakaniza. Tomato amakhala wathanzi, ndi masamba akulu ndi inflorescences, mtundu wokongola wobiriwira. Ngati simunawone zotsatira, ndiye kuti kuvala pamwamba pa tchire kumtunda kukuyenera kukonzedwanso kamodzi pa sabata.
Kupaka pamwamba kwa phwetekere ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala
Njira yothetsera thanzi, kusiyana ndi kudyetsa tomato pansi, ndi zitsamba zopweteka. Pachifukwa ichi, dandelion, nettle, mayi ndi-step-mother amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu mawonekedwe ake enieni, kulowetsedwa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, kamagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chowonjezera ku phosphate, feteleza ndi madontho. Chakudya chokonzekera n'chosavuta - udzu wodzaza madzi umaphatikizapo maola 24.
Kudyetsa mkate kwa phwetekere
Kudyetsa mkate ndi njira ina yowonjezeramo feteleza. Kuti mupeze njira yothetsera michere, mudzafunika mkate wochuluka wa yisiti. Kukonzekera kudyetsa ndi kophweka - zotsalira za mkate zimadzazidwa ndi madzi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chidebe chimatseka mwamphamvu kuti mkate usasunthike, ndipo umachoka kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi. Komanso, fetereza imadzipukutidwa ndi madzi ndipo imatsanulira mu chomera pansi pazu.