Botanists ndi obereketsa akhala akukhudzidwa ndi kugawa zakudya zabwino za tirigu ndi nyengo yozizira komanso kudzichepetsa kwa rye. Chotsatira chake, kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa tirigu ndi rye unalengedwa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito polima mbewu, ndiko kuti, kudyetsa zinyama.
Dzina la chisakanizo cha rye ndi tirigu ndi chiyani?
Choyamba chokhazikitsidwa mwachitsulo cha tirigu ndi rye m'mbiri yakale chimatchedwa kuti triticale. Ilo linayambira pamene kuphatikiza kwa mawu awiri Achilatini: triticum, kutanthauza tirigu, ndipadera, kutanthauza rye.
Mlengi wa triticale ndi wofalitsa wachi German Wilhelm Rimpau, amene anazitulutsa mu 1888. Pakalipano, mtundu wosakanizidwa sunali wochuluka pomwepo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba idayamba kukula pamtunda wazaka 1970 mu mayiko a North America. Patapita zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, tirigu ndi rye hybrids anali kulima ku Ukraine, mumzinda wa Kharkov. Lero triticale imalimidwa ndi mayiko ambiri (osachepera atatu), pakati pa atsogoleri omwe ali France, Australia, Poland ndi Belarus.
Zofunika za triticale
Wosakaniza wa tirigu ndi rye - triticale - adagwiritsira ntchito zonse zabwino kwambiri za mitundu yonseyo ndikuzichulukitsa. Ubwino waukulu wa triticale ndi awa:
- kuwonjezereka kwa chisanu;
- kufunika kochepa kwa nthaka yachonde;
- kukana fungi ndi matenda;
- zowonjezera mapuloteni (1-1.5% apamwamba kuposa tirigu);
- zomwe zili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo ta tirigu.
Makamaka triticale imakula pofuna kudya. Kuchulukanso kwa mapuloteni kumathetsa vuto la kusowa kwa chinthu ichi mu mbewu zina zolima. Komanso, haibridiyo imaphatikizidwa ndi ufa mukakumba tirigu mkate (pafupifupi 20-50%), ndipo izi zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Mkate wa chakudya umawonjezeka, womwe umakhala wochepa pang'onopang'ono.