Zizindikiro za malungo amodzi omwe poyamba ankalongosola ndi Hippocrates. Mliriwu unachitika pachilumba cha Faros ndipo unkadziwika ndi chiwembu chobwerezabwereza. Kuphulika kwa mliri kunachitika m'zaka za zana la 18 ku Ireland, England ndi Germany. Mu 1868, wodwala matenda a chipatala cha Berlin Hospital Obermeier adatha kuzindikira kuti matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri.
Typhus yowonongeka ndi wothandizira
Wothandizira khansa ya typhoid nthawi zambiri ndi bacterium ya Borrelia. Amayambitsa matenda oopsa opatsirana mobwerezabwereza. Zonyamulira mabakiteriya a tizilombo ndi nsabwe ndi nthata. Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya typhus yoyendayenda - mliri wa mliri ndi wodwalayo.
Typhus yowonongeka
Wothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri typhus ndi spirochete. Asayansi kupyolera mu microscope atsimikiza kuti bakiteriyayi ali ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe monga mawonekedwe. Amapatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito zilonda za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mwachitsanzo, nthata, ndipo zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana omwe amatchedwa tick-borne spirochetosis. Kutenga, kulowa m'magazi, kumakhudza ziwalo za hematopoiesis, komanso dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha.
Matenda a typhus omwe amabwera mobwerezabwereza
Wothandizira odwala matendawa ndi Borrelia wa Obheimer. Ilinso ndi mawonekedwe a khalidwe lochepa kwambiri. Zimatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi la nsabwe. Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo timene timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadwala matendawa, ngakhale kuti ndi opatsirana. Borrelia amachititsa chiyambi cha rotund licephoid typhus. Panthawiyi, matendawa sali ozikika m'maganizo athu.
Njira zotumizira maulendo a typhus
Matendawa amafalitsidwa kudzera mwazi wa munthu wathanzi, magazi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Typhoid yowonongeka ndi nkhuku imapezeka pambuyo pozilumidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kudzera mu kulowa kwa mabakiteriya kudzera m'matumbo. Mapiritsi a Ornithodal ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa anthu, amakhala ngati malo olandira zachilengedwe a spirochaete ndipo akulandira mankhwala kwa zaka zambiri.
Ngati matenda a chiwindi, chiwindi ndi omwe amanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mu thupi laumunthu, matendawa amabwera atatha kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa khungu lowonongeka. Kufalikira mofulumira kwa typhus kawirikawiri kumaphatikizapo madera omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu, kutentha kwa nyengo komanso kuchepa kwa mankhwala. Ku Asia ndi Africa, komanso ku India, miliri yoopsa yamagetsi inkalembedwa nthawi zambiri.
Typhus yatsopano - matenda
Kupezeka kwa matendawa kumachokera ku mndandanda wa anamnesis, chithunzi chachipatala ndi zotsatira za maphunziro a labotale. Malo okhalapo a wodwalayo amayamba kuwerengedweratu kusanachitike mawonetseredwe oyambirira. Yesani kufufuza bwinobwino khungu la wodwalayo chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa tizilombo. Kuti mudziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a typhoid, kenaka perekani kafukufuku wa ma laboratory a magazi omwe amatengedwa mu malungo. Kukhalapo kwa Borrelia kumasonyeza kuyamba kwa matendawa. Tiphus yatsopano monga matenda a bakiteriya ayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi matenda ena ndi mawonetseredwe oyambirira ofanana.
Typhus yatsopano - zizindikiro
Zisonyezero za makhalidwe a mitundu iŵiri ya malungo afupipafupi ndi osiyana. Komabe, m'nthawi yoyamba ndi yachiwiri, chizindikiro chachikulu chikuwoneka ngati kutentha kwakukulu (pafupifupi madigiri 40). Amakwera kufika pamwamba pamapeto masabata awiri kuyambira tsiku la matenda. Kuphulika kwa khungu kumakhala kwa mtundu uliwonse wa matenda, koma mawonetseredwe oyambirira a m'mimba amasiyana.
Typhus yowonongeka, zomwe zikhoza kudziwika pofufuza khungu la wodwalayo, zikuwoneka ngati izi:
- Pamalo a kulumidwa kwa tizilombo, pali phokoso laling'ono la 1 mm ndi mphukira yofiira.
- Pambuyo pa tsiku, nkhonoyi imasanduka mtundu wofiira, womwe umakhala ndi mphete yokhala ndi mamita 30 mm.
- Pakadutsa masiku 4, mphuno za mphete zimakhala zofiira ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimatuluka, ndipo papule imatuluka.
- Pa tsiku lachisanu, malo a kuluma amayamba kuwomba, ndipo patapita masiku angapo zizindikiro za kuledzera kwa thupi zimaonekera.
- Chiwopsezo cha malungo ndi zizindikiro za kumwa mowa wambiri zimatha masiku amodzi kapena asanu. Panthawiyi, tizilombo ta tizilombo tafupipafupi timapezeka m'magazi a wodwalayo.
- Kenaka kutentha kwa thupi kumataya kuzinthu zofunikira, pambuyo pake nthawi ya chikhululukiro imayamba.
Patapita kanthawi, chiwonongeko chimabwereza, ndipo chimatha katatu, koma ndi zizindikiro zochepa zauchidakwa. African fever fever imatenga miyezi iwiri, koma ngakhale izi, n'zosavuta kunyamula kuposa nsabwe spirochetosis. Matenda a umoyo samapezeka kawirikawiri ndipo samawopsyeza moyo. Ziwalo za masomphenya ndi chiwalo cha ubongo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Chiwonetsero cha malungo ozungulirana ndi ofanana ndi omwe amapezeka kale, koma:
1. Kuthamanga kungakhale ndi zinthu zingapo komanso kutupa.
2. Zonsezi, zizindikiro za chitukuko zikuwonjezeredwa:
- chitsulo;
- chibayo ;
- mtima kulephera.
3. Pali "fumbi" la chidziwitso.
4. Nthawi zambiri, chifuwa cha jaundice chimakula, chomwe chimasonyeza kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
Kuwombera kumatenga masiku angapo, kenako kumabwera kuwonekera bwino, pambuyo pake malungo amabwerera. Kuthamanga kwa kutentha kwapadera kumakhala ndi kubwereza 2-3. Matendawa amachititsa kuti wodwala adziwe kuti akudwala matendawa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake. Zowonjezereka mwa izi ndizokulitsa ndi kutuluka kwa nthata ndi kutuluka kwa magazi mkati mwake.
Kuchiza kwa typhus kawirikawiri
Pofuna kuteteza kufalikira kwa matenda, wodwalayo amakhala yekha. Zomwe ali nazo komanso chipinda chimene analipo, ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwalawa amapita kuchipatala. Matenda a Typhoid, omwe ali oopsa, amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera antibacterial a penicillin ndi gulu la tetracycline. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala ndi jekeseni ya m'mimba kapena intravenous.