Njira zophunzitsira zomwe zimaphwanya miyezo yonse ya maphunziro!
Ana ambiri amalandira maphunziro apamwamba, osadziwa zomwe "woyang'anira nyumba" ali, chisomo cha kulamulira, phunziro lovuta komanso yunifolomu ya sukulu. Sali zomvetsa chisoni chifukwa chafika pa September 1 ndipo musaganizire masiku asanakwane maholide. Ana oterewa amapita ku sukulu zoyesera zomwe zimapanga maphunziro osakhala ofanana. Kupeza chidziwitso m'mabungwe amenewa ndizosangalatsa, chifukwa anthu omwe ali achimwemwe, oyenerera komanso osowa mtendere amakula.
1. Chipanikiti mu sukulu ya ALPHA
Bungwe la maphunziro linatsegulidwa mu 1972, ku Canada, mothandizidwa ndi makolo ambiri omwe alibe chidwi.
Pa ALPHA palibe ntchito za kunyumba, sukulu, diaries, nthawi komanso ngakhale mabuku. Maphunziro ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi moyo wa mwanayo, zofuna zake za tsiku ndi tsiku, masewera ndi zosangalatsa. Ana okhawo amasankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito tsikulo kusukulu, zomwe amaphunzira zatsopano ndi zomwe angachite, ndipo ntchito ya aphunzitsi sikuyenera kuwasokoneza ndi kuwatsogolera modekha njira yoyenera. Choncho, magulu a ALPHA ali a mibadwo yosiyana, chifukwa amapangidwa ndi zofuna zokha.
Mipikisano mu sukulu ya demokalase yathetsedwa mwamsanga komanso pomwepo. Chifukwa chaichi, ophunzira, kuphatikizapo kukangana, ndi aphunzitsi ambiri amasonkhana. Pakukambirana, mamembala a "komiti" amalankhula momveka bwino, akuwongolera mfundo, akutsogoleredwa ndi mfundo za kulemekezana ndikuyesera kudziyika okha m'malo mwa munthu wina. Chotsatira ndi njira yothetserana, aliyense ali wokondwa.
ALPHA imakhalanso ndi misonkhano yachilendo ya makolo. Iwo alipo kwenikweni ndi ophunzira. Ana ali ndi ufulu, pamodzi ndi achikulire, kuti asinthe njira yophunzirira, kupereka zatsopano, nkhani zokondweretsa ndi zochitika.
2. Ndondomeko ya Waldorfian ya Rudolf Steiner
Sukulu yoyamba ya mtundu umenewu inatsegulidwa mu 1919 mumzinda wa Stuttgart ku Germany. Tsopano njira ya Walldorf ikugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, zoposa 3000 maphunziro amapindula pa izo.
Chidziwitso cha kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chidziwitso ndikutenga nzeru zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kukula kwa thupi, kwauzimu, nzeru ndi maganizo. Ana sakhala ndi vuto lililonse, choncho mu sukulu ina palibe gridji, mabuku, mabuku ndi zovomerezeka. Kuyambira pachiyambi cha maphunziro, ana amayambitsa zolemba zawo zomwe angathe kulemba kapena kujambula malingaliro awo, chidziwitso chatsopano ndi chidziwitso tsiku ndi tsiku.
Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro omveka bwino, ophunzira amathandizidwa kuti adziwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya luso, zojambulajambula, munda, ndalama komanso ngakhale filosofi ya pulayimale. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira zosiyana siyana zomwe zimawathandiza kuti ana athe kukhazikitsa zizindikiro pakati pa zochitika ndi zinthu m'mbali zonse za moyo, kuti asalandire luso lokhazikika komanso lothandiza lomwe lidzawathandize m'tsogolomu.
3. Kachitidwe kaulere Alexander Nill pachikole cha Summerhill
Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1921, malowa anali poyamba ku Germany, koma zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kenako anasamukira ku England (Suffolk). Sukulu ya Summerhill Boarding ndilo loto la mwana aliyense, chifukwa apa sakulanga ngakhale kuti alibe, osanena mawu osayenera pa gulu ndi khalidwe loipa. Zoona, zinthu zoterezi zimachitika kawirikawiri, chifukwa ana amakonda Summerhill.
Mfundo yaikulu ya njira ya Alexander Nill: "Ufulu, osati chilolezo." Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, mwanayo mwamsanga amayamba kunjenjemera ndi kusowa kwake, chikhumbo cha pulayimale chidzapitirirabe. Ndipo ndondomekoyi imagwira ntchito - ophunzira a sukulu yoperekera kukondwera amayamba kusangalala ndi "kupusitsa", koma amadzilembera okha phunziro losangalatsa ndikuwerenga mwakhama. Popeza kuti zonse zimawongolera, ana ayamba kutenga nawo mbali pazomwe zili zenizeni komanso zothandiza anthu.
Summerhill ikuyendetsedwa ndi antchito ake ndi ophunzira. Katatu pa sabata, misonkhano yowonongeka ikuchitika, pomwe aliyense ali ndi ufulu wovota. Njirayi imamuthandiza mwana kukhala ndi malingaliro komanso udindo.
4. Mchitidwe wogwirizana ndi dziko ku Sukulu ya Mountain Mahogany
Malo odabwitsa awa adatsegula zitseko zake mu 2004 ku USA.
Mosiyana ndi masukulu ena, kuti mulowe mu Mountain Mahogany simukusowa kukafunsa mafunso kapena maphunziro oyambirira. Mukhoza kulowa mu bungwe la maphunziro mu njira yowona mtima ndi yopanda tsankho - kuti mupeze lottery.
Pulogalamu yophunzitsayi imachokera ku maphunziro atsopano a ubongo omwe amasonyeza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwira mtima kumafuna kukhudzidwa maganizo komanso kukhudzidwa kwabwino.
Izi ndi zomwe Mountain Mahogany imapereka kuti - ana amaperekedwa pa maphunziro oyenera ndi kuphika, kushona, kulima, kukalipentra ndi luso lina laumwini. Mwana aliyense amaphunzira chinachake chatsopano kudzera mwa zochitika zake komanso kusagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi dziko lakunja, kufunafuna mogwirizana ndi izo.
Pofuna kuwonetsera kufunika kwa chidziwitso ndi luso lomwe adapeza, munda waukulu umapangidwa mu sukuluyi. Kumeneko, ana amakula mitengo ya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, zomwe zimakololedwa ndi kukolola, zimadyetsedwa zokha ndi zokolola zokhazokha.
5. Pulogalamu ya Helen Parkhurst ku Dalton School
Njira yokonzekerayi ikuonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi (malinga ndi magazini ya Forbes). Sukulu ya Dalton inakhazikitsidwa ku New York mu 1919, koma dongosolo lake la maphunziro likuvomerezedwa ndi magulu a maphunziro kulikonse.
Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha njira ya Ellen Parkhurst ndizovomerezeka. Ophunzira akulowa sukuluyi, amasankha okha nkhani zomwe akufuna, komanso momwe angakonde kuwerenga. Komanso, ana amasankha maulendo ndi zovuta za pulogalamuyo, katundu wofunikila komanso khalidwe labwino. Malinga ndi zosankha zomwe anazitenga, mwanayo amasonyeza mgwirizano waumwini, womwe umatanthawuza ufulu ndi maudindo a onse awiri, nthawi yopitiliza kufufuza ndi kuyesa nthawi zonse. Mgwirizano uli ndi mndandanda wa mabuku ovomerezeka, mfundo zowonjezera ndikuphunzira, kulamulira mafunso.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ku sukulu ya Dalton kulibe aphunzitsi. Amagwira ntchito monga alangizi, alangizi, ophunzitsira okha ndi oyeza. Ndipotu, ana omwe amalandira chidziwitso ndi luso lomwe akufuna, ndipo akulu sangangowasokoneza, komanso kuthandizira pakufunika.