Antibiotics a mndandanda wa penicillin

Penicillin ndi gulu la maantibayotiki omwe amapangidwa ndi mitundu ya nkhungu za mtundu wa Penicillium. Zimakhala zotsutsana ndi zomwe zimachitika pogriticidal pa Gram-positive, komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Maantibayotiki a pulojekiti ya penicillin sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhaokha, komanso amadzimadzi omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopangidwa.

Zida:

1. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana othandiza.
2. Momwe thupi limakhalira poizoni.
3. Zochita zambiri.
4. Matenda opatsirana ndi mitundu ina ya penicillin.
5. Kutengeka mwamsanga ndi kufalitsa mu thupi.
6. Kulowa bwino m'kati mwa makoswe, madzi amadzimadzi.
7. Kupititsa patsogolo mwamsanga kwa chithandizo cha matenda.
8. Kuthamangitsidwa mwamsanga kuchokera ku thupi.

Kusintha

Maantibayotiki a gulu la penicillin, chifukwa cha poizoni wawo wochepa, ndiwo omwe amalekerera kwambiri mabakiteriya. Zotsatira zosayembekezereka zimangochitika ngati pali hypersensitivity kapena zozizira penicillin. Mwamwayi, zoterezi zimawonetsedwa mwa anthu ambiri (mpaka 10%) ndipo samafalitsa mankhwala okha, komanso kwa mankhwala ena ndi zodzoladzola zili ndi antibiotic. Mankhwala a penicillin amatha kuwaloledwa ku thupi lililonse, ngakhale mankhwala ochepa kwambiri a mankhwalawa. Choncho, ndi hypersensitivity ndi zotsatira zosayenera zimakhala zofunikira kusankha antibiotics popanda penicillin ndi malingaliro opanda penicillin a mankhwala.

Fomu ya vuto

Maantibayotiki penicillin mndandanda amapezeka m'mapiritsi:

1. Mapiritsi a penicillin-ekormoline a resorption.
2. Mapiritsi a penicillin-ekormoline oyenerera pakamwa.
3. Mapiritsi a penicillin ndi sodium citrate.

Powderanso amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera njira ndi jekeseni.

Kulemba

Maantibayotiki a gulu la penicillin ali ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:

1. Mankhwala a penicillin - amapangidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe kumene nkhungu za penicillin zimakula.
2. Biosynthetic penicillin - amapezeka mwachilengedwe kaphatikizidwe.
3. Semisynthetic penicillins - amapezeka pamaziko a asidi okhaokha ku penicillin zachilengedwe (antibiotic zochokera penicillin).

Malo ogwiritsira ntchito:

Mankhwala a antibiotic penicillin ali ndi zochita zambiri ndipo amawononga mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa ayambe:

• Matenda a m'mwamba ndi m'munsi;
• matenda opatsirana m'mimba;
• chotsitsa;
• matenda opatsirana;
• njira zothandizira ophthalmologic.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ngakhale kuti ndi bwino kulekerera, mankhwala opha tizilombo a penicillin amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zotsatirazi pa thupi:

1. Kutembenukira kwa mtundu uliwonse ndi hypersensitivity:

• dermatitis;
• kuthamanga kwa khungu;
• kutupa kwa mazira a mucous;
• kugonjetsedwa kwa kayendedwe kanyama;
• nyamakazi;
• spasm ya bronchi;
• anaphylactic mantha;
• edema wa ubongo;
• arthralgia.

2. Zotsatira za poizoni:

• chisokonezo;
• kutsekula m'mimba;
• mphutsi;
• chisokonezo;
• necrosis ya minofu;
• candidiasis ya pakamwa ndi m'mimba;
• chitukuko cha superinfection;
• m'mimba dysbiosis;
• thrombophlebitis.

3. Zochita za Neurotoxic:

• chiwonetsero;
• phokoso;
• delirium;
• kuphwanya malamulo a magazi.

4. Zomwe zimachitika:

• kulowerera mkati;
• zovuta za vutoli (Mmodzi ndi Nicolau syndromes).

Mpaka tsopano, mankhwala ndi penicillin ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri zothetsera matenda opatsirana. Koma kusankhidwa kwake kuyenera kuti kuchitidwa ndi dokotala molingana ndi kusanthula ndi mayeso osokonekera.