Zikhulupiriro zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zomera zamkati. Mtengo wa ndalama umasiyana kwambiri ndi izi, kusamalidwa pakhomo (ngati mukukhulupirira zizindikiro) kumakhudza ubwino wa eni eni: okondwa ndi momwe amakokera chuma ku nyumba, ndipo kununkhira kumayambitsa kutuluka kosavomerezeka kwa ndalama.
Mtengo wamtengo wa ndalama - chisamaliro cha kunyumba
Chiwonetsero chodziwika bwino cha odyetsa, chimbudzi chofiira kwambiri (dzina lovomerezeka la mtengo wamtengo wapatali) chinabwera kuchokera kumadera otentha ndi ouma: Africa, Arabia ndi chilumba cha Madagascar. Kupulumuka kuli kotheka kokha pokhapokha chinyezi, chosungidwa m'mamasamba obiriwira. Kusamalira bwino mtengo wamtengo wapatali si kovuta: ndikofunikira kupereka chomeracho ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuyatsa magetsi ndi nthawi yowonongeka kozunzirako, ndipo idzayankha ndi kukula kwachangu komanso maluwa.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji mtengo wa ndalama?
Mmodzi wa oponderezedwa a amayi olemera ndi osasamala kwa nyengo yaifupi yochepa. Kuperewera kwa madzi pamwezi sikukupha, ngakhale kumakhala kosaoneka bwino. M'chilimwe, kuthirira mtengo wamtengo wapatali panyumba kumachitika katatu pa sabata (kuti nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa), ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imachepetsedwa kangapo pa mwezi. Ndikoyenera kuwonetsetsa kusamalira mtengo wa ndalama wosamba mumsamba, womwe umamasula masamba kuchokera kufumbi ndikuthandizira kusunga chinyezi chofunika ndi zomera.
Kodi mungakole bwanji mtengo wa ndalama?
Nyumbayi sichitha nthawi zonse kupanga phokoso la microclimate. Zotsatira zake, ziweto zimatha kutambasula. Kuti asasokoneze mtengo wamtengo wapatali, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chimaphatikizapo kupangidwe kwa korona. Kupanga kupangidwe kwa mtengo wa ndalama kumakhala nthawi zonse, kuyambira chaka choyamba cha mbewu. Pamwamba pamtunda, amapeza ndi kutsitsa kukula kwake, kuchotsa masamba awiri apamwamba. Izi zimapangitsa kuti apangidwe mphukira zatsopano, zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizidwa.
Kodi mungapange bwanji mtengo wamtengo wapatali?
Kuika mtengo wa mtengo n'kofunika nthawi zambiri kuposa kamodzi pazaka ziwiri, ndipo akulu ndi makope olemera amamasulidwa kukhala nthawi yodzaza mphika wa nthaka yosakaniza. Mnyamata wokongola amakhala ndi njira yosinthira, akusunthira kuchoka ku mphika wakale kupita ku watsopano limodzi ndi clod ya dziko lapansi. Pachifukwa ichi, khosi la zomera limakhala pamwamba pa nthaka, mwinamwake lidzakula ndikukula bwino.
Ngati chofunika kwambiri, mkazi wochuluka akhoza kuikidwa tsiku lonse, koma zidzakhala zosavuta kuti athetseretu kuvutika m'chaka. Adzathandiza kuthandizira ofooka pokhapokha atapatsidwa chikhomo cha ana a ndalama pakhomo ndi malamulo awa:
- kuthirira ngati kuli kofunikira;
- kupatula kuwala;
- kupopera mankhwala;
- palibe ma drafts.
Kodi ndi nthaka yanji yomwe imayenera kuyika mtengo wa ndalama?
Tolstyanika salola kulephera kwa madzi. Dothi la mtengo wa ndalama liyenera kukhala lopanda nthawi imodzi (lopanda mphamvu pamlengalenga ndi madzi) ndi lopatsa thanzi. Zokongola zoyenera kubzala zamasamba, koma mungagwiritse ntchito dothi lonse lapansi, kuti likhale lopatsa mchenga wochepa. Mukhoza kudzikonzekera nokha kukonzekera nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatirayi:
- pepala lapansi - magawo 3;
- nthaka yoyamba - gawo limodzi;
- mchenga - gawo limodzi;
- Wood phulusa ndi dothi - 0.25 mbali.
Kodi ndi mphika wotani umene umafunikira mtengo wamtengo?
Kusankha mphika wa mtengo wa ndalama kuyenera kulingalira za makhalidwe ake a morphology: pamwamba pazu mizu ndi kufalitsa korona, yokutidwa ndi masamba olemera kwambiri. Chidebe chokhala ndi mafuta chiyenera kugulidwa chosaya, chokwanira (kukula kwa mphika molumikizana ndi kukula kwa korona) ndi kukhazikika. Zomwe zili mu mphika ziyenera kulola kupuma mizu, ndipo pansi pamakhala maenje oti amwe madzi owonjezera. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chikanakhala kubzala kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali m'madzi ambirimbiri.
Kodi mungachulukitse bwanji mtengo wamtengo wapatali?
Tolstianka amatanthauza zomera, zomwe zingachuluke popanda mavuto ambiri. Pali njira zitatu zoberekera:
- Cuttings . Mu kasupe, kamodzi kapena zingapo zing'onozing'ono zadothi 10-15 masentimita zimadulidwa kuchokera ku chomera cha mayi, zigawozo zimayaka ndi malasha osweka, zouma kwa maola 24, kenaka nkuzika mizu mu gawo lamadzi kapena kulowa mu chidebe cha madzi oyera. Pambuyo poonekera mizu (pambuyo pa masiku 10-15), mmerawo wabzalidwa mu mphika wamuyaya.
- Kubalanso mtengo wamtengo ndi masamba . Mafuta a mafutawa amalekanitsidwa bwino ndi chomera cha makolo, amere m'chitsime ndi madzi abwino otentha kapena gawo lapansi lonyowa, podula 1/3. Nthaŵi yoyamba masamba amasungidwa mu mini-wowonjezera kutentha (pansi pa mtsuko wa galasi kapena mu thumba la pulasitiki), yomwe imatsegulidwa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti ikuwombe. Pambuyo masiku 7-10 tsamba limayamba mizu ndikuikidwa pamalo osatha.
- Njira ya Mbewu . Njira yovuta yochulukitsa mtengo wamtengo wogwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo. Mbewu imafesedwa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha mchenga ndi mchenga, wophimbidwa ndi galasi ndikuikidwa mu penumbra mpaka kumera. Mbewu imathiriridwa kuchokera ku mfuti ya spray, mpweya wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo poonekera masamba awiri, amawotcha pamiphika pamgwirizano omwe uli, kuwonjezera pa mchenga ndi kuzungulira pansi, masamba.
Kodi mungapange bwanji mtengo wa ndalama?
Popanda kuyang'anitsitsa chisamaliro chosamalirira kunyumba, mtengo wa ndalama sungasangalatse eni ake ndi maluwa . Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mtengo wa mtengo suphukira:
- Zaka . Maluwa mu mafuta akhoza kuchitika pasanafike kuposa chaka chachisanu cha moyo.
- Chophika chosankhidwa bwino . Mu maluwa aakulu kwambiri, chomera chimakula mizu, kunyalanyaza gawo la pamwamba. Kumeneko, mtengo wamtengo suphukira mpaka mizu yake imangoyambika mwamphamvu padziko lapansi.
- Kuthira mopitirira malire . Momwe zinthu zimakhalira zowonongeka, mkazi wochuluka amayamba "kunenepa", kumasula masamba ambiri atsopano. Kulimbikitsa maluwa kungatumize chomera ku "mchere wouma", ndiko kuti, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi.
- Kusakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Kuchokera mu November mpaka March, mtsikana wonenepa ayenera kupumula: kuikonzanso m'malo ozizira (+ 10-12 ° C), kudula ulimi wothirira, komanso kusalepheretsa kudyetsa ana.
Momwe mungaperekere mtengo wa ndalama?
Kusamalira kunyumba sikungakhale kosadalirika popanda kudyetsa nthawi zonse - ndi chomera chachikulu chimene chimafuna zakudya zambiri kuti zikhazikitse ndi kusunga korona. Manyowa a mtengo wamtengo ayenera kukhala nawo:
- Potaziyamu . Pokhala ndi vuto, tsamba likugwa, kuwonjezereka kumawononga mizu.
- Phosphorus . Udindo wa kukula mitengo ya mphukira, normalizes kagayidwe kachakudya njira.
- Calcium . Ndikofunikira kuti mapangidwe abwino a mafupa a zomera, apangidwe kawirikawiri madzi.
Mungagwiritse ntchito monga makonzedwe okonzekera kudya zakudya zam'madzi (Lignohumate, humisol "GUMI", "Uniflor Cactus", "Gilea - fetereza kwa cacti", "Effetton DC"), ndipo konzani feteleza nokha. Monga kasupe wa calcium, danga labwino la dzira labwino ndi loyenera. Kuperewera kwa phosphorous kudzapanga mapiritsi apamwamba kuchokera ku ufa wa phosphorus.
Matenda a mtengo wamtengo
Mtengo wa ndalama, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chomwe chikuchitika motsatira malamulo onse sichikudwala. Kupanda kuunikira koyenera, kuphwanya ufulu wa kumwa mowa, kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino ndi fumbi lamtundu wa masamba kumapangitsa mtengo wa ndalama kugonjetsa matenda ndi tizirombo:
- Shield . Masambawa ali ndi mabala a bulauni ndipo amayamba kugwa.
- Kangaude mite . Amadzipatsa yekha kabulonda kakang'ono, kulowetsa masamba ndi thunthu la chomera.
- Powdery mabulosi . Pamunsi mwa masamba akuwoneka malaya oyera, ofanana ndi ubweya wa thonje.
- Kutembenuza kwa thunthu . Thunthu imakhala yofewa, fungo losasangalatsa likuwonekera.
- Matenda a masamba. Mapepala amatembenukira wofiira kapena kutembenukira chikasu, kupotoka ndi kugwa.
Kulimbana ndi tizirombo timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Fitoverm", "Fufanon"), njira yothetsera sopo, fodya ndi adyo. Kusamalira chomera choyamba kumayamba ndi kuchotsa masamba onse owonongeka, khalidwe la madzi (kutentha kwakukulu koyeretsa fumbi) ndi kusunthira ku malo abwino komanso owala. Povunda tsinde ndi / kapena mizu, kuika mwamsanga mu nthaka yatsopano kungafunike.