Panthawi yonse ya kukhalapo kwake, ambiri mwa anthu anali ochepetsedwa ndi ogonjetsedwa kwa anthu ambiri ovomerezeka, kukhala pa maudindo apamwamba.
Kugonjetsedwa ndi gawo lalikulu la kapangidwe ka moyo wa munthu. Machitidwe oyendetsera ndi ofunikira m'madera onse. Tikhoza kunena kuti kugonjera ndi njira yokakamizidwa ndi munthu aliyense, malinga ndi zomwe munthu ayenera kuchita motsatira cholinga.
Pofuna kuphunzira momwe anthu amagonjera, njira yapadera idapangidwira. Ankatchedwa Milgram Experiment. Anakhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo wotchuka Stanley Milgram. Cholinga chachikulu cha phunziroli chinali kupeza kuti ndi anthu angati omwe amatha kuchitira ena osalakwa, ngati kupweteka kwa ululu ndi ntchito yawo.
Stanley Milgram Yesani
Kuyesera kunaphatikizapo ndi zotsatirazi: Munthu yemwe sankadziwa za cholinga chenicheni cha phunzirolo anapemphedwa kupereka nthawi zina kugwedezeka kwa magetsi kwa munthu wina, ndiko kuti, wogwidwa. Jenereta watsopano wamakono inagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pa udindo wa wogwidwa, munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino, wothandizira wa experimenter, analankhula. Zochita zake zinamangidwa motsatira ndondomeko inayake.
Kenaka nkhaniyi inapemphedwa kugwiritsa ntchito kugwedezeka, kuchenjeza kuti njirayi ikuchitika, ngati kuti aphunzire zotsatira za chilango pa kukumbukira kwaumunthu.
Pamene kuyesa kukupita, nkhaniyi ikulimbikitsidwa kugunda ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka, yomwe ingakhale yowopsa kwa moyo wa wozunzidwayo. Makhalidwe a munthu amene akuyesedwa akufotokozedwa ngati "kutumiza", pamene avomerezana ndi zofuna za experimenter, zofunikira zake. Kuchita kusabvomerezana ndi nthawi yomwe chilango chimatha. Pomwe mtengo wapatali wamagetsi ukugwedezeka, zomwe mchitidwe wa wogwidwayo unayambitsa, kuchuluka kwake kwa ntchito za phunziroli kumachokera.
Motero, kukula kwa kugonjera kwa munthu kungachepetse kukhala nambala yamtundu wina malinga ndi phunziro lililonse ndi kuyesera kwina.
Njira imeneyi ikukuthandizani kuchita zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu. Oyesera adzasintha gwero la malamulo, mawonekedwe a malamulo ndi zomwe zili, chilango ndi zipangizo, pogwiritsa ntchito chilango chomwe chidzagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi zina zotero.
Mu mawonekedwe a phunziroli anali amuna pafupifupi 40, omwe msinkhu wawo unali kuyambira zaka 20 mpaka 50. Nyuzipepala ya kumeneko inafalitsa zofalitsa za kuyesera, ndipo anthu adalandiridwa. Ophunzira adasankhidwa muzochita zosiyanasiyana: engineers, abusa a positi, amalonda, ndi zina zotero. Maphunzirowa anali osiyana. Pochita nawo kuyesera, Milgram inalipidwa $ 4. Nkhani iliyonse inauzidwa kuti ndalama izi zinalipidwa chifukwa chakuti anabwera ku labotale ndipo izi sizidalira zizindikiro zomwe oyesera adzazilandira.
Kuyeseraku kunachitidwa ku Yunivesite ya Yale. Njira ina ndi kunja kwake.
Pa kuyesa kulikonse, nkhaniyo ndi wogwidwayo adachitapo. Zowonongeka, zomwe zinali zovomerezeka, zinali zowona kuti ndizofunikira kudziwa zotsatira za chilango phindu la kuphunzira kwathunthu.
Zotsatira za kuyesera
Milgram inachokera ku zotsatira ziwiri, zomwe zinakhudza kuyesa ndi zowonjezera muzochitika zamaganizo.
Chotsatira choyamba: nkhaniyi inasonyeza chizoloŵezi chosadziwika
Milgram inaganiza izi malinga ndi kuyesera: deta yomwe inapezedwa inasonyeza kuti akuluakulu ali ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kusunthira kutali kotero kuti n'zovuta kufotokozera pamene amatsatira munthu wodalirika.
Choncho, kuyesa kwa Milgram kunathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha psychological society ndipo, mwatsoka, ndi kofunika m'nthawi yathu ino.