Matenda a m'matenda a m'magazi

Ngati njira ya hematopoiesis imasokonezeka m'mafupa, maselo ochulukirapo omwe sanafikebe amatchedwa otchedwa lymphoblasts. Ngati pambuyo pake anayenera kukhala ma lymphocytes, koma mutated, acute lymphoblastic leukemia imayamba. Matendawa amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa maselo amagazi ochepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo amatha kusonkhanitsa osati m'mafupa ndi minofu yake, komanso mu ziwalo zina.

Kuzindikira za acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Matenda omwe amaganiziridwa kuti opanga magazi amafanana ndi kusokoneza ntchito ya thupi lonse. Kugawanika kosalamulirika kwa maselo am'thupi (lymphoblasts) kumapangitsa kuti alowe m'kati mwa maselo am'mimba, nthenda, chiwindi, kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mndandanda wa matendawa umaphatikizapo kusintha kwa ntchito yofiira mafupa ofiira. Amasiya kupanga maselo ofiira ofiira, mapuloletti ndi leukocyte, m'malo mwawo ndi majekesero oyambirira ndi jini mutation.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa maselo okhudzidwa ndi khansa, chifuwa chachikulu cha T-lymphoblastic (T-cell) khansa ya m'magazi ndi B-linear ndi yosiyana. Mitundu yotsirizirayi imapezeka nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi 85 peresenti ya milandu.

Matenda a m'matenda a m'magazi - amachititsa

Chomwe chimapangitsa chitukuko cha matenda omwe akufotokozedwa ndi kusintha kosasintha kwa ma chromosome. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndondomekoyi sizinakhazikitsidwe, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'magazi ya mtundu uwu chimapezeka m'milandu yotsatirayi:

• matenda opatsirana mobwerezabwereza;
• matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa achibale;
• kuwonetseredwa ndi ma radiation, miyeso;
• zofooka zapachiŵeni kapena zapachiŵira;
• kulowa mu thupi la poizoni wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo - mankhwala;
• kusintha kwa majini asanabadwe;
• matenda a tizilombo;
• ali ndi zaka zoposa 70.

Matenda a m'matenda a m'magazi - zizindikiro

Chimodzi mwa zochitika za matendawa ndizozosiyana ndi zizindikiro. Kawirikawiri amakhala ofanana ndi maonekedwe ena a matenda ena, kotero n'zotheka kudziwa matenda a m'magazi pokhapokha atayesedwa.

Zizindikiro Zotheka:

• Matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri, matonillitis;
• ululu m'magulu, nthawizina - mafupa;
• tachycardia ;
• kusowa kapena kutayika kwa njala, kulemera kwa thupi;
• magazi;
• Zilonda zam'kati (widillary, chibelekero ndi inguinal);
• Kutuluka magazi m'kamwa (kuchokera m'mimba), matumbo, mphuno;
• maonekedwe a mikwingwirima ndi zovulaza pakhungu, mawanga ofiira;
• kutentha kwa thupi;
• kusokonezeka m'ntchito ya fetitori;
• kuwonjezeka mu chiwindi cha chiwindi, mphala;
• kuwonongeka kwa maso;
• ntchito yothyolo.

Matenda a m'matumbo a m'magazi - mankhwala

Ndondomeko yovutayi ili ndi magawo atatu:

1. Choyamba ndi mankhwala amphamvu a cytostatics, glucocorticosteroid mahomoni ndi anthracyclines. Izi zimathandiza kuthetsa chilakolako cha matenda - kuchepetsa zomwe zimapezeka m'matumbo a mafupa a 5%. Kutalika kwa kudulidwa kwa magazi kumatenga masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi (8) patapita nthawi.
2. Pachigawo chachiwiri cha mankhwala, chemotherapy ikupitirira, koma pang'onozing'ono, kukulitsa zotsatira ndi kuwononga maselo otsalira a mutated. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musamayambe matenda a khansa ya m'magazi komanso kupewa matendawa m'tsogolo. Chiwerengero cha nthawi yomwe mgwirizano umatenga amatenga miyezi 3 mpaka 8, nthawi yeniyeni imatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo malinga ndi mlingo wa khansa ya m'magazi.
3. Gawo lachitatu limatchedwa kuthandizira. Panthawiyi, kawirikawiri imatchedwa methotrexate ndi 6-mercaptopurine. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yayitali ya mankhwalawa (2-3 zaka), imalekerera bwino, chifukwa siimaphatikizapo kuchipatala - mapiritsi amatengedwa ndi wodwalayo.