Momwe maselo onse a thupi amaphatikizapo ma esters a mafuta apamwamba kwambiri ndi a polyhydric alcohols. Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwa phospholipids, ndipo imakhala ndi udindo wokhala ndi timadzi timene timagwiritsira ntchito timagulu timene timagwiritsira ntchito timagulu timene timagwiritsira ntchito timagulu timene timayambitsa timadzi timene timagwiritsa ntchito timagulu timene timayambitsa matenda. Matendawa amadalira zinthu zambiri.
Matenda a AFS - ndi chiyani?
Pafupifupi zaka 35 zapitazo, Graham Hughes, yemwe ndi rheumatologist, adapeza matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe amatsutsana ndi phospholipids. Amagwiritsira ntchito mapuloleteni ndi makoma amphamvu, kugwirizana ndi mapuloteni, kulowa muzochita zamagetsi ndi kutseka. Matenda awiri achiwiri ndi oyambirira a antiphospholipid antibodies ndi matenda okhaokha omwe alibe chiyambi. Vutoli limakhudza amayi achichepere m'zaka za kubala.
Matenda a antiphospholipid - zimayambitsa
Kwa akatswiri a rheumatologists komabe sizingatheke kukhazikitsa, chifukwa chiyani akuganiza kuti ndi matenda kapena matenda. Pali chidziwitso chakuti matenda a antiphospholipid amapezeka kuti ali ndi achibale omwe ali ndi matenda omwewo. Kuphatikiza pa chibadwidwe, akatswiri amanena zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Zikatero, yachilendo cha AFS chimawonjezeka - zomwe zimayambitsa kupanga mankhwala opatsirana pogonana zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa matenda ena okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi. Njira yothandizila imadalira njira zoyambira matendawa.
Matenda a Primary Antiphospholipid
Matenda amtundu uwu amakula mosiyana, osati motsutsana ndi zovuta zina m'thupi. Matendawa a antiphospholipid antibodies ndi ovuta kuchiza chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zifukwa. Kawirikawiri njira yoyamba ya matendawa imakhala yowonongeka ndipo imapezeka kale kumapeto kwa zochitika kapena pakakhala zovuta.
Matenda a secondary antiphospholipid
Izi zimakhala zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa matenda enaake kapena zochitika zina zamakono. Kulimbikitsidwa kwa chiyambi cha matenda opatsirana pogonana kumatha kukhala ndi pakati. Matenda a antiphospholipid m'mayi oyembekezera amapezeka mu 5% a milandu. Ngati matendawa atapezeka kale, kubereka kudzawongolera kwambiri.
Matenda omwe amawoneka akuyambitsa matenda a antiphospholipid:
- matenda a tizilombo ndi bakiteriya;
- mapuloteni;
- nodular periarteritis;
- systemic lupus erythematosus.
Matenda a antiphospholipid - zizindikiro kwa amayi
Chithunzi cha kachipatala cha matenda ndi zosiyana kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusiyana kwa matenda. Nthawi zina matendawa amapezeka popanda zizindikiro, koma nthawi zambiri matenda a antiphospholipid amadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe afupipafupi ndi mitsempha yambiri yamagazi (mitsempha kapena mitsempha):
- miyendo yochepa;
- chiwindi;
- retina;
- ubongo;
- mtima;
- kuwala;
- impso.
Zizindikiro zofala kwa amayi:
- chitsimikizo chotchulidwa pamphuno (chivumbulutso);
- myocardial infarction;
- migraines;
- kukhudzana;
- ululu m'chifuwa;
- mitsempha ya varicose;
- thrombophlebitis;
- kupweteka;
- matenda owopsa;
- kuperewera kwamtambo kosavuta;
- ascites;
- ziwonetsero za ischemic ;
- chifuwa chouma;
- necrosis ya mafupa ndi matenda ofewa;
- matenda oopsa;
- magazi m'mimba;
- kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi;
- mphutsi;
- imfa ya fetus;
- kuperewera kwadzidzidzi.
Matenda a antiphospholipid - matenda
Ziri zovuta kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa matendawa, chifukwa amachititsa matenda ena, ali ndi zizindikiro zosaoneka. Kuti adziwe matendawa, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito magulu awiri omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito. Kufufuza kwa matenda a antiphospholipid kumaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa an anamnesis. Mtundu woyambirira wa zizindikiro zowunika ndizochitika zochitika zachipatala:
- Thrombosis ya mitsempha. Mbiri ya zamankhwala iyenera kukhala ndi vuto limodzi kapena zingapo za kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kapena mitsempha yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ntchito ndi laboratori.
- Matenda osadziletsa. Zotsatirazi zimaganiziridwa ngati imfa ya intrauterine imachitika pambuyo pa sabata la 10 la kubadwa kapena kubadwa msanga isanachitike masabata 34 asanakwatire popanda kutaya mimba, mahomoni ndi maonekedwe a mwanayo.
Mbiri ya zachipatala itatha, dokotala amapanga maphunziro ena. Matenda a Antiphospholipid amatsimikiziridwa pamene pali kuphatikiza kwa chizindikiro chimodzi chachipatala ndi ndondomeko ya ma laboratory (osachepera). Mofananamo, pali njira zingapo zosiyanitsira zomwe zimachitika. Pachifukwa ichi, katswiri akulangiza kuti mupite mayeso omwe sapatula matenda omwewo.
Matenda a antiphospholipid - kusanthula
Kupezeka kwa ma labotale zizindikiro za matenda omwe alipo tsopano kumaphatikizidwa ndi maphunziro a zamoyo. Dokotala amaika magazi kuti apereke matenda a antiphospholipid kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa mankhwala a plasma ndi seramu kwa cardiolipins ndi lupus anticoagulant. Kuonjezerapo, zotsatirazi zingapezeke:
- cryoglobulins;
- antibodies kwa erythrocyte;
- T-ndi-B-lymphocytes kuwonjezeka ndende;
- nthenda yamagetsi ndi nyamakazi.
Nthawi zina kufufuza kwa majeremusi kumalimbikitsa kuti kulola kupeza zizindikiro za matenda a antiphospholipid:
- HLA-DR7;
- HLA-B8;
- HLA-DR2;
- DR3-HLA.
Kodi matenda a antiphospholipid amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Mankhwala a matendawa omwe amadzipangitsa okhawo amatha kudalira mawonekedwe ake (oyambirira, apansi) ndi kuuma kwa zizindikiro zachipatala. Mavuto amabwera ngati mayi wapakati ali ndi matenda a antiphospholipid - mankhwala ayenera kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matendawa, kuteteza kupweteka, komanso kuwonetsa kuti sizingapweteke mwanayo. Kuti akwaniritse chitukuko chosatha, akatswiri a rheumatologists amagwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira zokhazikika.
Kodi n'zotheka kuchiza matenda a antiphospholipid?
Kuchotseratu kwathunthu vuto lomwe lafotokozedwa sikutheka, kufikira zomwe zakhala zikuchitika. Matenda a antiphospholipid amafunikira mankhwala ovuta kuti athe kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies oyenerera m'magazi ndi kuteteza vuto la thromboembolic. Pa matenda aakulu, mankhwala odana ndi kutupa amafunika.
Kuchiza kwa matenda a antiphospholipid - zotsatila zamakono
Njira yayikulu yothetsera zizindikiro za matendawa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito antigregregants ndi antiticoagulants zachangu:
- Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin ndi ofanana);
- Nkhondo ;
- Acenocoumarol;
- Phenylin;
- Dipyridamole.
Mmene mungachitire matenda a antiphospholipid - malingaliro ochipatala:
- Pewani kusuta fodya, kumwa mowa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.
- Konzani chakudya chofuna zakudya za vitamini K - green tea, chiwindi, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira.
- Kupuma kwathunthu, penyani ulamuliro wa tsikulo.
Ngati mankhwala osagwira ntchito sagwiritsidwe ntchito, kumwa mankhwala owonjezera ndi:
- aminoquinolines - Plakvenil, Delagil;
- kulongosola ma antiticoagulants - Clexan , Fraksiparin;
- glucocorticoids - Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone;
- inhibitors of receptors - Tagren, Clopidogrel;
- heparinoids - Emeran, Sulodexide;
- cytostatics - Endoxane, Cytoxan;
- ma immunoglobulins (intravenous administration).
Mankhwala achibadwidwe ndi matenda a antiphospholipid
Palibe njira zina zothandizira zothandizira, njira yokhayo yokha ndiyo kusinthidwa kwa acetylsalicylic acid ndi zipangizo zachibadwa. Matenda a antiphospholipid sangakhoze kuimitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi maphikidwe a anthu, chifukwa amadzimadzi achilengedwe amakhalanso ofatsa kwambiri. Musanagwiritse ntchito njira ina iliyonse nkofunika kufunsa a rheumatologist. Katswiri yekha amathandiza kuchepetsa matenda a antiphospholipid - malingaliro a dokotala ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa.
Teya ndi aspirin
Zosakaniza:- Makungwa owuma a msondodzi woyera - 1-2 tsp.
- madzi otentha - 180-220 ml.
Kukonzekera, gwiritsani ntchito :
- Zomera zobiriwira bwino tsambani ndikupera.
- Nkhuni ya msondodzi imathamanga ndi madzi otentha, ikani mphindi 20-25.
- Imwani yankho ngati tiyi 3-4 pa tsiku, mukhoza kukoma kuti mulawe.
Matenda a Antiphospholipid - akulosera
Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matendawa amafunika kuwonetseredwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo nthawi zonse amayesedwa. Kodi ndingakhale ndi moyo wotalika bwanji ndi matenda a antiphospholipid, kumadalira mtundu wake, kuuma kwake komanso kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo. Ngati chiwerengero chachikulu cha APS chili ndi zizindikiro zochepa, chithandizo cha panthaŵi yake ndi chithandizo chodziletsa chimathandiza kupeŵa mavuto, zizindikiro zoterezi zimakhala zabwino.
Zinthu zowonjezereka ndizophatikizapo matenda omwe ali nawo ndi lupus erythematosus, thrombocytopenia, kupitirizabe kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso matenda ena. Muzochitikazi, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda oopsa a antiphospholipid (owopsa), omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa zizindikiro za matenda ndi matenda omwe amabwera mobwerezabwereza. Zotsatira zina zingathe kutha.
Matenda a antiphospholipid ndi mimba
Matendawa amachititsa kuti amayi azipita padera, choncho amayi onse amtsogolo ayenera kuyesedwa poyezetsa magazi ndi kupereka magazi ku coagulogram. Matenda a Antiphospholipid m'kuvutitsa amalingaliridwa kuti ndiwo amachititsa imfa ya fetus ndi kuperewera kwa mayi, koma kukhalapo kwake sikuli chigamulo. Mzimayi amene ali ndi matenda oterewa amatha kubereka ndi kubereka mwana wathanzi ngati panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba amatsatira malangizo onse a dokotala ndikuyambitsa zotsutsana.
Chimodzimodzinso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene insemination yobisika ikukonzekera. Matenda a Antiphospholipid ndi IVF ndi ovomerezeka kwathunthu, okhawo adzalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa anticoagulants ndi antigregregants kudzapitirira nthawi yonse ya kugonana. Mphamvu ya chithandizo chotero ili pafupi ndi 100%.