Mankhwala amtundu wa cytotoxic ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe zochita zawo ndizoletsera kapena kulepheretsa njira zogwirizanitsa maselo ndi kukula kwa zida zogwirizana.
Kodi cytostatics ikulamulidwa liti?
Malo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala a zilonda zoopsa zomwe zimadziwika ndi kusagwirizana kwa maselo osagwirizana (khansa, leukemia , lymphomas, etc.).
Pang'onopang'ono, zotsatira za mankhwala m'gulu lino zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi magawo a mafupa, khungu, mazira, epithelium wamatumbo. Izi zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito cytostatics mu matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala matendawa (rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, lupus nephritis, matenda opatsirana, machitidwe a lupus, etc.).
Monga gawo la mankhwala ovuta, mankhwala a cytotoxic akhoza kuperekedwa pamlomo monga mapiritsi, makapisozi, kapena monga jekeseni (intravenous, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intravitreal). Kutalika kwa mankhwalawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuopsa kwa matenda, mphamvu ndi kulekerera kwa mankhwala.
Mndandanda wa mankhwala a cytotoxic
Cytostatics amagawidwa kuti apange dongosolo, ndipo izi ndizifukwa, chifukwa Mankhwala ambiri a gulu lomwelo ali ndi njira yapadera yogwira ntchito ndipo ali othandiza polimbana ndi mitundu yosiyana ya zotupa. Pano pali mndandanda waukulu wa maina a mankhwala a cytotoxic:
1. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- zitsulo zamatsenga (Busulfan, Treosulfan);
- ethylenimines (Thiotepa);
- zochokera ku nitrosoureas (Nimustine, Lomustine, Carmustine, Mystophoran, Streptozotocin);
- chloroethylamines (Chlorambucil, Ifosfamide, Bendamustine, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Trophosphamide).
2. Alkaloid ya chomera:
- podophyllotoxins (Teniposide, Etoposide);
- mafakitale (docetaxel, paclitaxel);
- vinaalkaloids (Vindesin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine).
3. Antimetabolites:
- antlicists a folic acid (Ralitrexed, Methotrexate);
- Mitundu ya magazi (Cladribine, Fludarabine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine);
- antagonists a pyrimidine (cytarabine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, fluorouracil).
4. Mankhwala oletsa antibiotics:
- anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone);
- mankhwala ena oletsa antibiotic (mitomycin, bleomycin, plikamycin, dactinomycin).
5. Other cytostatics:
- zochokera ku camptothecin (Irinotecan, Topotecan);
- zochokera ku platinum (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin);
- ena (Temozolomide, Altrethamine, Estramustine, Amsacrine, L-asparaginase, Dacarbazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Procarbazine).
6. Matenda a monoclonal (Trastuzumab, Ederkolomab, Rituximab).
7. Mahomoni otchedwa Cytostatic:
- antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide, flutamide);
- progestins (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate);
- estrogens (Polyestradiol, Phosphastrol);
- antiestrogens (Toremifene, Tamoxifen, Droloxifene);
- aromatase inhibitors (Anastrozol, Formestan, Exemestane).
- LH-RH agonists (Gocerelin, Buserelin, Leiprolein acetate, Tryptorelin).
Ma cytotoxic wothandizira kupha ziwalo
Matenda oopsa, cytostatics (mwachitsanzo, fluorouracil) angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa imagwirizanitsidwa ndi luso lawo loletsa kusokonezeka kwa maselo osokoneza bongo.
Zotsatira Zotsatira za Cytostatics
Zotsatira zoyipa pa chithandizo cha cytostatics ndi:
- kusowa tsitsi;
- kutsekula m'mimba;
- anorexia ;
- chisokonezo;
- kusanza;
- mutu;
- minofu yofooka;
- Kuphwanya kwa msambo;
- kusowa;
- kukula kwa khansa ya m'magazi, ndi zina zotero.