Ndithudi inu mukudziwa bwino mawu akuti "mbiri ikuyenda mozungulira". Mawu awa akuchokera pa lamulo la kunyalanyaza kawiri, komwe kanakonzedweratu kale. Zoona, izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalingaliro chabe, akatswiri a filosofi adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lachidziwitso mobwerezabwereza, ndipo koposa zonse anali ndi chidwi ndi Hegel. Ofilosofi ena onse, anali kulingalira kwake komwe kunagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko. Mwachitsanzo, Marx anagwirizana ndi lingaliro lofunika, koma amakhulupirira kuti Hegel amawona vutoli mu dziko lokongola, pamene tikukhala m'dziko lapansi. Choncho, pofotokozera chiphunzitso chake, Marx anachita ndi kumasulidwa kwa filosofi ya Hegel ku zinsinsi komanso zina, pakuona kwake, ziweruzo zolakwika.
Lamulo la kukanidwa kawiri kawiri mu lingaliro
Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa lamuloli kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi mayina a Gorgias ndi Zeno wa Epeus, omwe anali afilosofi achigiriki akale. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti ngati kunyalanyaza kwa mawu alionse kumayambitsa kutsutsana, ndiye mawu omwewo ndi oona. Choncho, lamulo lolingalira limeneli limalola kuti tisamangoganizira zapachiwiri. Zitsanzo za lamulo la kunyalanyaza chisokonezo pazokambirana kungakhale kutembenukira kotereku monga "sindingathe kunena", "kusakhulupirira kosakwanira", "kusowa kochepa", "sindikupeza kolakwika", ndi zina zotero. Mawu amenewa amawoneka ngati ovuta, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyankhula. Koma mwakuchita, ntchito yalamulo ikuwulula kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, zoyimira nkhani, omwe amakonda okondedwa ambiri, akhoza kukhala chitsanzo. Kodi ofufuza amachita zotani pamene palibe umboni wa wolakwa? Amanena kuti palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti ndi wosalakwa. Kotero kuperewera kawiri kumathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri amalingaliro, koma ndiyenera kupyola mzere wa sayansiyi, kumene zonse ziri zomveka, monga momwe ntchito yowonjezera imatha kumbuyo.
Lamulo la kunyalanyazidwa ndi kunyalanyaza mu filosofi
Kulephera kusagwirizana kwa Hegel kumatanthauza kukwaniritsidwa kwa kutsutsana kwapakati, komwe kumapangidwira pa chitukuko chilichonse, chomwe chimayenda kuchoka ku zovuta ku konkire. Kusiyana kutsutsana kumawathandiza maganizo osadziwika kuti apitirire, panthawi imeneyo kusayeruzika koyamba kumapezeka. Pambuyo pake, lingalirolo likubweranso, ngati kuti likuyambira, koma lopindulitsa kale, ndiko kuti, nthawi yotsutsa yachiwiri imabwera. Lingaliro lobwezeretsa, la konkire lili ndi malo oyambirira komanso nthawi yotsalira, yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri. Hegel ankakhulupirira kuti lingaliro limayamba mozungulira, ndipo Lenin amafotokoza momveka bwino mwa mawonekedwe a kuwonekera, kusonyeza kubwerera kwa lingaliro ku malo oyamba, koma kale pamlingo wapamwamba. Chitsanzo ndi lingaliro la banja: muunyamata timaziwona kuti ndilo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo, ali ndi zaka zaunyamata pakubwera kukayikira, kenako timabwerera ku zikhulupiliro zathu zaunyamata, koma tsopano zowonjezeredwa ndi zochitika ndi zochitika zomwe zinalandira panthawi ya kutsutsana.
Koma lamulo loletsa kunyalanyaza linkawonekera mufilosofi chifukwa cha Marx, yemwe anali akugwiritsanso ntchito chilankhulo cha Hegel. Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito za Hegel, Marx anapanga malamulo atatu, koma anali lamulo la kunyalanyaza kaŵirikaŵiri, kukonzedwanso kuchokera ku zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zinayambitsa mikangano yaikulu. Otsatira ena a fixist filosofi amakhulupirira kuti lamuloli lingagwire ntchito pa kulingalira, njira yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a konkire. Popeza lingaliro lakuti chenicheni chiri pansi pa lamulo ili limadzutsa mafunso angapo. Ulamuliro wa kunyalanyaza kaŵirikaŵiri kudzakhala wothandiza pakupanga zinthu zamakono , zomwe zimakhala zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, osati zachilengedwe. Choncho, funso la lamulo lokana kunyalanyaza liri lotseguka ndi lochititsa chidwi kwa ofufuza.