Lamulo loyambirira la zachuma likuti ndalama ziyenera kugwira ntchito yowonjezera. Njira yopindulitsa kwambiri komanso yowongoka yosungiramo ndalama ndiyo kupanga ndalama ku banki. Iyi si njira yokhayo yopezera ndalama zanu, komanso mwayi wopeza nthawi zonse (chidwi).
Ndondomeko - ndi chiyani?
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino ndalama ngati ndalamazo, muyenera kutembenukira kumalonda a zachuma. Chiwongoladzanja ndi mtundu wapadera wa ngongole. Ngati ngongole ya ogula ndi ngongole ya banki kwa kasitomala, ndiye kuti ndalama zabanki ndizo ngongole zomwe makasitomala amapereka mwaufulu ku banki yawo, ndi chikhalidwe chopeza peresenti.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama koteroko kumapindulitsa pothandizira onse, kwa depositors ndi kubanki. Ponena za ndalama, depositors amapeza mwayi:
- kuyika mwachindunji ndalama zaufulu kuti ziziyenda;
- kulandira chitsimikizo cha chitetezo cha ndalama;
- kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja.
Ndipo banki imapeza mwayi:
- kuwonjezera ndalama zanu;
- kuwonjezera ndalama za ndalama za ngongole zofunikira za anthu;
- kulimbikitsa malo ake mu msika wamalonda.
Dipatimenti yadipatimenti - ngongole ya banki ku depositor, ndipo ikuyenera kubwezeretsedwa kwa ndalama kwa mwiniwake pambuyo pake. Musanabweretse ndalama zanu kubanki, sankhani zomwe mumakonda. Ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndalama zosavuta ku banki ndi chidwi kuchokera ku dipatimenti.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ndalama ndi dipatimenti?
Chikhochi chimaphatikizapo kutanthauzira kwakukulu, ndipo zopereka ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yake yaikulu. Kusiyana koyamba pakati pa dipatimenti ndi chiphaso ndiko kuti ndalama zokha zimatha kubwereka ngongole. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wothandizila wa banki amatsegula akaunti, amaika ndalama zake pazokha ndikuziyika mokhazikitsidwa ndi bungwe ili labungwe kuti likhale nthawi yeniyeni. Kwa nthawi yosungirako yosungirako, banki ili ndi ufulu wokonza ndalama izi pokhapokha.
Mitundu ya ndalama
Ndalama ya banki imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo, malingana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa bungwe la zachuma ndi kasitomala. Kotero banki ikhoza kupereka kupereka ndalama ndi vuto:
- ndalama zowonjezera - positi ndi kubwezeretsa;
- akaunti yosungira mzere;
- ikani ndi chikhalidwe chofuna;
- kusungirako;
- multicurrency posit;
- posungira ndalama;
- posungira chitetezo;
- penshoni;
- ndalama.
Mtundu uliwonse wa mgwirizano uli ndi makhalidwe ake, komanso maonekedwe ake. Pambuyo pake, kuti mupereke mwayi wa izi kapena ndalama zoterezi, ndi bwino kuti muphunzire mwatsatanetsatane za ufulu ndi maudindo omwe wogula (depositor) adzakhale nawo, ndi ubwino ndi ufulu womwe banki yokhayo imalandira pamsonkhano woterewu.
Chiwerengero chokwanira
Ngati mukuwona ndalama zonse zopindulitsa mabanki, ndiye kuti ndalama zosungira ndalama ndizopindulitsa kwambiri. Kuchokera muyeso yoyamba, izi zimadziwika ndi luso lokhazikitsa "kulowetsedwa" kwa ndalama mu akaunti yaikulu - chikhomo ndi kubwezeretsanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, poika ndalama zina mu banki peresenti, wofuna yekhayo amatha kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono thupi la ndalamazo poika ndalama zatsopano pa akauntiyi.
Pankhaniyi, inunso, mkhalidwe woika ndalama pa nthawi yogwirizana ndi mgwirizano kapena nthawi yofunikirako ikugwiranso ntchito. Chinthu chokhacho ndi chakuti wothandizila akuyesa kubwezeretsa akauntiyo nthawi zonse (mukhoza zambiri, koma osachepera) zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano. Mlingo wa dipatimenti yotereyi idzakhala yosiyana malinga ndi zomwe banki amapereka kwa kasitomala.
Malipiro a nthawi yayifupi
Mwazinthu zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi banki, ndibwino kuonetsetsa ndalama zina zopindulitsa - posakhalitsa. Mbali ya zopereka zotero mu nthawi yake yotsimikizika. Amatanthauza kumuika ndalama zambiri kwa nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Lingaliro lalikulu la zopereka zotero ndi mwayi kwa osowa kupeza ndalama zambiri pakati pa ndalama zazikulu. Kawirikawiri ndalama zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu:
- ngati mukufuna, mwamsanga mupeze ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku ndalama zambiri;
- ateteze ndalama zambiri kwa akuba;
- pamene amagulitsa ndi kugula katundu wokwera mtengo komanso osasunthika.
Njira yosavuta yowunikira opaleshoni ili ndi chitsanzo ichi. Munthu amachita malonda ogulitsa nyumba. Malipiro amapangidwa ndi ndalama, ndiko kuti, ndalama zambiri zili m'manja mwa munthu. Kusungitsa ndalama zomwe zili panyumba ndizosavuta ndipo kenako wogula amabwera ku banki ndi cholinga chopereka ndalama. Ngati posachedwapa, deposit idzagula kwambiri, sizingakhale zopindulitsa kuti alowe mgwirizano kwa nthawi inayake kenaka banki imamupatsa chinthu chomwe wogulitsa angatsegule akaunti kwa masiku angapo.
Pemphani Malo Otsalira
Mtundu wina wotchuka wa ndalama kudzera ku banki ndizopindula pa ndalama. Kotero, pokhala ndi ndalama zochuluka, wofuna chithandizo akhoza kutsegula akaunti ndikupereka chithandizo pa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndalama nthawi iliyonse. Dipatimenti yotereyi imakhala yotchuka kwambiri ngati imodzi mwa mitundu yowonjezera yosungira ndalama kapena zopereka ndi ndalama. Kotero wofuna chithandizo, adaika ndalama zambiri mu akauntiyi, popanda chidwi, pakapita kanthawi ali ndi mwayi wochotsa kapena kuwonjezera ndalama.
Mkonzi wotere wa banki ndi wabwino ngati munthu, ngati ali ndi ndalama zambiri, sakukonzekera kugula kwakukulu posachedwa. Ndalama zimakhala pa akauntiyi poyambirira, makasitomala akhoza kuwonjezera (bwino, kapena kuwonjezera) ku akaunti ya malowa, koma amatha kubweza chiwongoladzanja nthawi iliyonse. Pali mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zopereka zonse kapena gawo lake nthawi iliyonse.
Ubwino:
- palibe malire pa kuchuluka kwa ndalamazo;
- ufulu wonse wachitidwe wa kasitomala.
Kuipa:
- zinthu sizipindulitsa pangŠ¢ono kakang'ono;
- chiwongoladzanja chikachepa.
Zopindulitsa kuchokera ku zachuma za zoterezi zidzakhala makasitomala pokhapokha ngati ndalama zambiri zikuyikidwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa kuti zipezeke, ndi bwino kusankha chinthu china cha banki. Kufunsidwa kwapakhomo kudzakhala koyenera kwa nthawi yaitali yowonjezera kapena monga zopereka za ana "kufikira munthu wamkulu".
Kusungidwa kumapereka
Kumvetsa funso la ndalama, ndiyenera kumvetsera mtundu wina wa utumiki. Ndalama yotere ya banki monga ndalama yosungira ndalama imapindulitsa kokha pamene ndalama zambiri zaikidwa pa akaunti. Pachifukwa ichi, cholinga cha depositor ndicho chiwongoladzanja cha chiwongoladzanja kuchokera ku dipatimentiyo. Thupi la dipatimenti liyenera kukhazikika mu nthawi yonse yomwe imatchulidwa mu mgwirizano. Chilolezocho sichitha kuchoka ku banki nthawi iliyonse, pokhapokha atatha nthawiyo pamapeto pake. Kusankha kumeneku kumafuna kutsatira malamulo.
Multicurrency yaikidwa
Ndikofunika kudziwa chomwe chigulitsiro chiri muzofuna ndalama zambiri. Malo osakhazikika a mayunitsi a ndalama amapangitsa mabanki kuyang'ana ndikupanga zopereka zatsopano kwa makasitomala. Choncho, chilolezo cha multicurrency chidzalola kuti kasitomala agwiritse ntchito ndalamazo potengera ndalamazo pokhapokha ngati ali ndi ndalama zokha. Ndalama zimasonyeza kuti ndalama za ndalama zakunja ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.
Ndondomeko ndi ndalama
Chiwongolero chodziwika mwamsanga - ndicho cha gulu labwino kwambiri ndi losavuta kwa zosankha za kasitomala poika ndalama kubanki pa chidwi. Ubwino waukulu wa chisankhochi ndi:
- luso la wothandizila kuti ayang'ane zochitika zonse ndi demo;
- ufulu wonyamula chiphaso nthawi iliyonse pamaganizo ake;
- kulandira chiwerengero chapamwamba cha banki;
- mwayi wochotsa ndalama nthawi iliyonse;
- kuchuluka kwa chidwi kumachitika pa ndalama zeniyeni pa akaunti (nthawi zonse zimakhala zosangalatsa).
Chikhalidwe cha nthawi zonse chidwi chachikulu ndizopindulitsa kwambiri pokhapokha ngati kasitomala sakuchotsa ndalama ndikupeza chiwongoladzanja kwa nthawi yaitali. Kenaka ndikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono mu thupi la zoperekazo, chiwerengero chikuwonjezereka. Powonjezera ndalamazo, kuchuluka kwa chiwongoladzanja kumawonjezeka pa akaunti ya ndalama.
Chitetezo chiteteze
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino chithunzi cha malonjezowo, munthu ayenera kudziwa zomwe ndalamazo zikutanthauza, zomwe thupi silili ndi ndalama zokhazokha, komanso ndi chitetezo. Choncho, kupereka tanthauzo la dipatimenti ya dipatimenti ndilosavuta ndi chitsanzo chapadera. Kawirikawiri mtundu umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pakubwereka nyumba kapena katundu wina wosasunthika. Mwini mwiniwake, mwini nyumba, kuti atsimikizire kuti chuma chake chilimbana ndi anthu (kuonongeka kwa katundu, kulephera kubweza ngongole zofunikira, etc.).
Dipatimenti ya penshoni
Pali zosankha pamene munthu akufunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Kodi ndalama zapenshoni - ndalama zoterezi zingapangidwe zaka zingapo. Ili ndilo gawo lopindulitsa kwambiri ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Zaka zingapo musanachoke pantchito, wofuna kubanki amatsegula akaunti yosungirako ndalama, yomwe ilipo ndalama zotsalira pa khadi la malipiro (malipiro).
Pogwira pantchito, wogulayo ali ndi ufulu:
- Gwiritsani ntchito zopereka zanu pa luntha lanu;
- onjezerani thupi la ndalamazo mwanzeru;
- ingotenga chidwi kamodzi pamwezi.
Pakhomo lapuma pantchito lingatanthauzenso kuchepetsa chidwi kamodzi pamwezi pa khadi la penshoni ya kasitomala. Kusankhidwa kumeneku kumafuna kuti mudziwe bwinobwino ndi zinthu zonse zomwe mabanki amapereka. Ndikofunika kumvetsera malamulo ndi inshuwalansi ya inshuwalansi. Vuto ndilo kuti banki ikhoza "kutentha" ndipo ndalama za deposit zidzasungidwa ndi inshuwalansi yokonzedweratu.
Ndalama zimagulitsa
Ngati wothandizira ali ndi chidwi ndi funso la momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndalama pamabotolo, banki imamupatsa chinthu chotsatira - chiwembu cha ndalama. Ichi ndichinthu chofunika kwambiri mu msika wa Soviet. Maziko a ndalama zoterozo ndizoti nthawi zonse zinthu zimaphatikizapo mawu omwe wogula malonda amavomereza kuti agulitse gawo la thumba la ndalama. Ubwino wa ndalama zoterezi ndi kuti ngati msika ukukula, ndiye kuti kasitomala ali ndi ndalama, koma ngati msika uli pansi, kasitomala amataya ndalama. Kusankha kumeneku kukuvomerezeka kokha ngati kasitomala akudziwa ubwino ndi zoopsa za kusewera kwa msika.