Tomato (tomato) ndi zipatso za zomera zomwezo kuchokera m'banja la Solanaceae. Dziko la tomato ku Central ndi South America, kumene Amaya, Aztec ndi Amwenye a Inca anawalimbikitsa kuyambira kale. Malinga ndi nthano za m'deralo, tomato, pamodzi ndi chimanga (chimanga) ndi mbatata, zimachokera ku "cosmic", chifukwa milungu inawapatsa anthu okhalamo kuti avutike ndi njala pambuyo pa mliri woopsya, pamene zomera zonse zinamwalira ndipo panalibe chakudya.
Ndipo kutsiriza ndi nthano tidzanena chimodzi chimodzi, chokhudzana ndi dzina "phwetekere". Inkam, kukakamizidwa ndichisoni kuti aphunzire chinenero cha Chisipanishi cha ogonjetsa, ankafuna kusungunula mtima wankhanza wa Pizarro wa hidalgo, pomupatsa zipatso zowala izi. "Tomate!" (Kuchokera ku Spanish - "yesani!"). Kotero dzina ili linawonekera.
Dzina lakuti "phwetekere" linachokera ku Italy, ndipo kumasulira kumatanthauza "apulo wa golidi".
Kotero izo zinali kapena ayi, izo sizikudziwika, koma kuti chipatso ichi chagonjetsedwa padziko lonse ndi kutchuka ndikulondola ndithu!
M'zaka za m'ma 1500, ogonjetsawo anabweretsa mbatata ku Spain, kuchokera kumeneko anafika kufupi ndi dziko la Portugal, ndipo anapeza "malo pansi pa dzuwa" mwamsanga ku Mediterranean lonse. Pambuyo pa zaka 200, potsiriza, phwetekere ikuwonekera ku Russia. Tsoka poyamba sanali wachifundo pano ku phwetekere. Kuitana kuyera kofiira ndi kukoma kwachilendo kwa nthawi yaitali kunkawopa mantha osadziwika ponena za poizoni komanso chiyambi cha "mdierekezi" pachiyambi cha mwanayo. Koma, potsirizira pake, kupita patsogolo, monga momwemo, kupambana, ndipo tsopano ndi kovuta kulingalira menyu popanda saladi wamba wa tomato. Kwa iwo, obereketsa atulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, yoyenera kukula m'madera onse a nyengo, mpaka ku Far North. Zina mwa izo ndizochita bwino monga Bull's Heart, Crimson, Lemon, Women's Ladies, Cherry ndi ena.
Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu mu phwetekere
Kutchuka kwa tomato sikugwirizanitsidwa ndi kukoma kokha, komanso ndi makhalidwe ambiri othandiza. M'nyangidwe ka phwetekere mumapezeka mosavuta chakudya, pectin ndi mavitamini ambiri. Izi ndi mavitamini B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, E. Koma makamaka vitamini C. Makilogalamu a hafu ya tomato, ndipo mwakhala mukukumana ndi chiwopsezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku! Mu tomato, potaziyamu, magnesium, chitsulo, calcium ndi phosphorous . Pigment lycopene, yomwe imayambitsa mtundu wofiira wa mwana wosabadwa, imachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, monga, kwenikweni, mafuta ochepa mu tomato. Khansara, matenda a prostate, matenda a zida zooneka - matenda onsewa akuwombera pamaso pa phwetekere ya Latin America.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mavitamini samakhala ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phwetekere izigwiritsidwe ntchito osati mophweka, komanso mokazinga, kuphika, yophika.
Chiwerengero cha makilogalamu a tomato watsopano ndi otsika kwambiri. Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, izo zimasiyanasiyana kuyambira 15 mpaka 23 kcal. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muzizigwiritse ntchito mosiyanasiyana pa zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Monga mono-kudya, kugwiritsira ntchito tomato sikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe ochita kafukufuku adawona kuti kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu "mawonekedwe oyera" ndi kuchuluka kwake kungayambitse zovuta kapena kutaya kwathunthu kwa thupi kukonza mankhwalawa. Ndibwino kudya tomato monga chakudya kapena saladi ndi nsomba kapena nkhuku nyama ndi kutsegula zakudya, zabwino, kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu tomato kumatithandiza kuti tigwiritse ntchito chida ichi.
Kodi pali makilogalamu ambiri mu tomato?
Posachedwapa, mafashoni a zophikira ankaphatikizapo phwetekere yaing'ono ya chitumbuwa, yomwe inasankhidwa mu 1973. Nyamayi kakang'ono ndi mtsogoleri wa zakudya za caloriki - kalori yokhumba phwetekere ndi 15 kcal (!), Pamene akusunga zonse zothandiza ndi zokoma za abale ake achikulire ndipo amawoneka bwino pa tebulo labwino kwambiri.