Kodi kusanthula uku ndi chiyani - coagulogram?

Azimayi ambiri amapatsidwa chidziwitso cha coagulogram. Zimathandizira kuchiza dokotala kuti azindikire za hemostasis, kuti adziwe kupezeka kwa hyper- kapena hypocoagulation. Kuonjezera apo, odwalawo amakhala ophweka kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ngati akudziŵa kuti ndi coagulogram yotani, zomwe zimapangidwira, ndi momwe angayankhire molondola.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mu coagulogram?

Hemostasis ndi njira yomwe imachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ozolowereka, komanso amatha kutseka magazi. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kumayambitsa mapangidwe a thrombi, omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha yodwala mitsempha, matenda a mtima, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala komanso matenda a chiwindi, kapena kuti kuchepa kwa chilengedwe (haemophilia, kutuluka kwa magazi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwazing'ono).

Choncho, coagulogram imasiyana ndi kuyesa magazi ndi zachilengedwe mogwirizana ndi mayerekezo. Zimaphatikizapo pamasamba omasulira:

1. PTI (prothrombin index), PTV (prothrombin nthawi) kapena INR (international normalized ratio). Mayesero omalizira amalingaliridwa kuti ndi ophunzitsira kwambiri komanso onse. Zizindikiro izi zimakulolani kuti muwerenge nthawi yomwe magazi amawonekera pa malo ovulala.
2. Fibrinogeni ndi mapuloteni omwe amachititsa maonekedwe a thrombi kukhala gawo lomalizira la chigwiritsiro cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo amasanduka fibrin.
3. Thrombin nthawi. Ziwonetsero, kwa nthawi yanji kuchokera ku fibrinogen imapangidwa fibrin.
4. APTTV (nthawi yowonjezera thromboplastin). Chizindikirocho chimakulolani inu kulembera nthawi ya mapangidwe a magazi.

Zowonjezera za coagulogram zimapezeka pamayesero a magazi pa magawo awa:

• plasma kulekerera heparin;
• mapuloteni C;
• D-dimer;
• nthawi yowonjezeredwa kwa plasma (GRP), piritsi yowonjezera (AVRP) imaganiziranso;
• antithrombin;
• RFMK (makina osungunuka a monomer);
• lupus anticoagulant.

Zizindikiro zina zowonjezera zimafunika kuti mudziwe bwino momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito matendawa makamaka mukakhala ndi mimba.

Kukonzekera kukambirana kwa coagulogram

Chofunika chokha kwa wodwala musanayambe kuphunzira ndi kukana kudya maola 8 musanayambe kusonkhanitsa madzi. Ndibwino kuti mupereke magazi m'mawa, koma ichi si lamulo lokhazikika.

Kodi coagulogram yafufuzidwa kangati?

Nthawi yoyenera kuwerengera zizindikiro zowonjezera za phunziroli ndi 1 tsiku logwira ntchito. Ikhoza kudutsa nthawi yomwe yatsimikizika, malingana ndi zipangizo zomwe zaikidwa mu labotale, komanso kufunika koyendetsa zinthu (osapitirira masiku 3-4).

Miyambo ya coagulogram kusanthula

Kulongosola kwa phunziroli kumaphatikizapo kufanizitsa magawo omwe ali nawo ndi mfundo zoyenera.

Iwo ndi:

1. Kwa PTI - kuyambira 80 mpaka 120%. Ngati izi zapitirira, kusowa kwa vitamini K n'kotheka m'thupi, ndipo kuchepa kwa magazi kuti atseke kumapezeka. Ngati RTI ndi yochepa kuposa yachizoloŵezi, izi zikhoza kusonyeza dziko la hypercoagulable.
2. Kwa PTV ndi INR - kuyambira 78 mpaka 142%. Kupatuka pa magawo amenewa ndi ofanana ndi a PTI.
3. Kwa fibrinogen - kuchokera 2 mpaka 4 g / l (amayi oyembekezera akhoza kuwonjezeka kufika 6 g / l). Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumasonyeza chizolowezi cha thrombosis, komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa matenda a DIC kapena chiwindi.
4. Kuti muwononge nthawi - kuyambira masekondi 11 mpaka 17.8. Kupotoka kwa chigawochi kuchokera ku chizoloŵezi kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chiwonetsero choyambirira ndi kusamalidwa kwake.
5. Kwa APTTV - kuyambira masekondi 24 mpaka 35. Ngati nthawi ili yochepa, izi zikuwonetsa dziko la hypercoagulable. Ndi kuchuluka kwa hemophilia, DVS-syndrome 2 kapena 3 madigiri.