Aliyense amadziwa kuti chikhalidwe ichi chibzalidwa kumapeto ndi m'nyengo yozizira. Sitidzaona kusiyana pakati pa kubzala, koma dziwani kuti vuto la chikasu ndilolera m'nyengo yachisanu. Taganizirani momwe mungamwetsere adyo kuti zisakhale zachikasu, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa mavutowa.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji adyo yozizira, ngati iyo imasanduka chikasu?
Kuti muyankhe funsoli, muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe imakhala yachikasu, komanso bwino kuganizira adyo ndi chikhalidwe cha chikasu pabedi, ndiyeno penyani osati kutsanulira. Tsopano tiyang'ana magwero a vuto:
- Mwinamwake muzu wa vutoli uli mu nthaka, ziribe kanthu momwe zingamveka zomveka. Zambiri makamaka zimakhudza nthaka. Sikuti aliyense amadziwa kuti potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni zimagwirizana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, koma zimagwirizana kwambiri. Zomwe zili ndi potaziyamu zimadalira kukula kwa nayitrogeni, komanso phosphorous. Musanayambe kuyang'ana, ganizirani momwe adyo akutembenukira chikasu. Tinawona reddening yaing'onoting'ono, yomwe ili malire ozungulira pafupi ndi masamba a masamba - chizindikiro chonse chokhudza kusowa kwa nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu. Choncho, tiyerekeze kuti muli ndi nitrojeni m'nthaka komanso m'nyengo yozizira adyo akutembenukira chikasu ndi kutentha kwapakati: pali njira ziwiri zomwe zimatsanulira kuthirira. Zidzakhalanso organic kapena mineral zowonjezera. Koma musagwere mwamsanga mumayendedwe a madzi, monga momwe zimakhalira komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito pazovala zapamwamba zidzakhala zofanana. Kusiyanitsa kwenikweni kumangokhala mndende. Kotero, nchiyani chomwe chingathandize pa izi, kotero kuti adyo sakhala yonyezimira: pakati pa mabedi ife timathira feteleza, ndiye tikuyenera kutsanulira madzi ambiri. Tidzabalalitsa zovuta feteleza kapena urea ndi carbamides. Amaluwa ena amakonda kukonzekera njira yoyamba, kenako amatha kufalitsa feteleza. Koma zosankha ziwirizi zikhale ndi malamulo awiri: chitani ntchito yonse yomwe mukufuna m'chaka, ndipo tsatirani ndondomeko zonse pazomwezi. Apa njira "zambiri = bwino" sizigwira ntchito.
- Tsopano ganizirani izi, pamene adyo akutembenukira chikasu pamene pali kusowa kwa potaziyamu, ndipo chifukwa chake ndi bwino kuwawaza kusiyana ndi kuwatsanulira. Ntchito zonse zopanda potaziyamu zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa kubzala, ndiye vuto lidzathetsedwa ndi zotsatira zabwino. Konzani potaziyamu kloridi molingana ndi mlingo, iwo amafunikira kokha kuwaza masamba pamwamba pa nthaka. Njira zothetsera phulusa ndi zabwino.
- Kawirikawiri, adyo amasanduka chikasu chifukwa cha kuzizizira, ndipo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsanulira madziwa ndi njira yothetsera vutoli.
- Pamene mavuto amtundu umenewu ayamba, timayesetsa kupeza njira yabwino komanso yosavuta. Koma zimakhala zosavuta kuti tipewe mavutowa. Nkofunika kwambiri kuthirira madzi bwino ndikusunga mzere wabwino kwambiri: adyo amachitanso chimodzimodzi kwa nthaka youma komanso yonyowa kwambiri. Zimakhala zovuta kupereka malingaliro pa mutu uwu, chifukwa m'deralo lirilonse kasupe ndi losiyana ndipo pamalo amodzi nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa ndi nyengo yamvula, ndi
wina kale kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April ndi wouma komanso wotentha. Koma mwinamwake, ndipo chinyezi chowonjezera chidzakhala choipa kwambiri pa mbewu yanu. Choncho, njira yosavuta yowonera lamulo losavuta: mutatha kuthirira, muyenera kumasula mzere wa mzere, kenako kubzala mbewu. Kenaka nthaka idzapuma, ndipo chinyezi sichitha msanga. Kenaka chikasu chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi simukuopa. - Ndipo potsiriza, chifukwa chosasangalatsa kwambiri ndi fusariosis. Mwamwayi, kuthirira, kukonkha, kapena kukonza pano sikugwira ntchito. Kawirikawiri vutoli limakhudza anthu okhala m'madera akumwera ofunda, popeza pali zinthu zabwino zogwirira ntchito. Choncho, musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuyesa kubzala ndi nthaka ndi potaziyamu permanganate.