Fetal karyotype mwa anthu ndi kuphatikiza zizindikiro za chromosomal. Chromosome ya munthu ndi 46, 22 mwa iwo ndi autosomes ndi ma chromosomes awiri. Kuti mudziwe karyotype yaumunthu, maselo ake amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuwasakaniza ndi utoto, kujambula zithunzi ndi kuyesa ma chromosome mwa microscopy. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chiwerengero cha chromosomes, kukula kwake ndi zinthu za morphological zikuphunziridwa. Matenda angapo a chromosomal amatha kupezeka ndi kusintha kwa ma chromosomes (makamaka chromosomes za kugonana), kapena ndi zina zowonongeka za intrachromosomal ndi interchromosomal.
Kodi karyotyping ya fetus?
Katalotyping yobereka mwanayo ndi kofunikira kuti adziwe matenda a chromosomal. Pa izi, maselo a fetus amafunikira: chorion villi kapena amniotic madzi.
Kufufuza kwathunthu kapena kochepa kwa fetal karyotype kungathe kuchitidwa. Pa kafukufuku wathunthu, maselo onse a chromosomes a fetus amafufuzidwa, koma nthawi yophunzira ndi yaitali kwa masiku 14. Ndipo mwa kuphunzira kwapadera kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, ma chromosome okhawo, mavuto omwe amasonyeza matenda obadwa nawo ( Down's Syndrome , Patau kapena Edwards). Kawirikawiri ndi 21, 13, 18 awiriawiri a chromosomes ndi chromosomes za kugonana.
Phunziro la ma chromosome a kugonana
Makolo ambiri amafuna kudziwa kuti mwanayo ali ndi chibwenzi chiti asanabadwe, ndipo ultrasound sichisonyeza izi mokhazikika, koma karyotyping imatsimikizira kugonana molondola. Koma karyotyping ndi kuphunzira za chromosome zogonana sizimapangidwira konse chifukwa cha izi. Zachibadwa za fetus carotid 46 XX ndi karyotype ya msungwana, koma ngati X chromosome imaposa awiri (kawirikawiri 3 ndi trisomy X, kapena kuposa 3 ndi polysomy X), ndiye ichi ndi chiopsezo cha kusokonezeka maganizo, psychosis. Koma monosomy X (imodzi X-chromosome) ndi karyotype ya matenda a Shershevsky-Turner.
Kachibadwa ka fetal karyotype ya 46 XY ndi karyotype ya mnyamata. Koma mwana yemwe ali ndi karyotype wa XXU (matenda a X chromosome mwa amuna) adzabadwira ndi matenda a Klinefelter, ndipo mnyamata yemwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana pa chromosome Y adzakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuwonjezereka.
Zizindikiro za fetal karyotyping
Zizindikiro za karyotyping yobereka ndi:
- zaka za makolo oposa 35, mgwirizano wawo wa magazi;
- M'banja lino muli kale ana omwe ali ndi malingaliro kapena amakhala ndi mimba yozizira ya ana omwe ali ndi ziphuphu, kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi, kusokonezeka kwa mimba chifukwa chozindikiritsa zolakwika zosamalidwa za fetal;
- machitidwe ovulaza ndi moyo wa makolo, zizolowezi zoipa (kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena uchidakwa);
- Matenda a tizilombo m'mimba yoyamba ya mimba;
- zokayikitsa za matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi ultrasound kufufuza mu 1 ndi 2 trimester ya mimba.