Matenda a pansi si matenda, koma matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kusintha kwakukulu m'thupi. Iye sakuchiritsidwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndizomveka kunena "matenda", osati "matenda".
Matendawa amaphatikizapo maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe. Dzina lake adalandira chiyamiko kwa dokotala wa ku Britain, nthawi yoyamba yomwe anafotokoza - John L. Down. Down syndrome ndizovuta kwambiri. Iye ali ndi mwana mmodzi mwa ana 700. Tsopano chifukwa cha njira zodziwira amayi apakati chiwerengerochi ndi pang'ono, 1: 1000. Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati mwana ali ndi vuto lachiromosomal ndi kufufuza kwa madzimadzi kuchokera kumtambo wa umbilical. Amayi onse omwe ali m'dera loopsya, akulimbikitsidwa kuti achite.
Mwana wakhanda amene ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome
Madokotala a ana omwe amadziŵa zambiri angadziwe zimenezi kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi zizindikiro zambiri za makhalidwe.
Zizindikiro za mwana wotsika:
- nkhope yapansi ndi mphuno yakuphwanyika;
- maso a oblique. Pakhomo la mkati la diso kuli khola;
- mutu wamfupi, mutu wathyathyathya, zolakwika za makutu;
- kutsegula pakamwa kakang'ono. Kumwamba kochepa, lilime siligwirizana, limatuluka kunja kwa pakamwa;
- hypotone - mawu opanda mphamvu a minofu. Kuwonjezeka kwaphatikizana;
- 45% mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi phokoso limodzi lopanda pa kanjedza.
Monga lamulo, mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome ali ndi zolakwika mkati mwake. Kawirikawiri pakati pawo:
- zofooka za mtima. Zimapezeka 40% mwa ana;
- mavuto ndi maso. Matenda osokoneza bongo, cataract, glaucoma;
- kumva;
- matenda m'thupi;
- Nthawi zina mwana amatha kupuma pamene akugona, izi zimakhala chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
- matenda a dongosolo la endocrine;
- zovuta mu zipangizo zamakono (hip dysplasia, kusowa kwa nthiti imodzi, kusintha kwa chifuwa, kukula kochepa).
Komabe, chidziwitso chomaliza chimapangidwa kokha pambuyo pa zotsatira za kusanthula pa chiwerengero cha ma chromosome. Icho chimapangidwa ndi a geneticist.
Kawirikawiri, ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Down syndrome amasiya pambuyo pa chitukuko chawo kuchokera kwa anzawo. Zikuoneka kuti ana oterewa amataya mtima. Koma tsopano izi zikuyankhulidwa mochepa. > Inde, chitukuko cha mwana pansi ndi chochedwa, koma ndi ana omwewo monga wina aliyense. Ndipo kupambana kwawo kumoyo kumadalira momwe anthu apamtima adzamvera ndi izi ndi kumvetsetsa.
Nchifukwa chiyani ana a Downa abadwa?
Matenda otsika amawoneka ngati chifukwa cha matenda a jini, omwe mu selo iliyonse ya thupi pali chromosome yowonjezera. Mu ana abwino, pali mawiri awiri a ma chromosomes mu maselo (okwana 46). Mbali imodzi imapita kwa mwana kuchokera kwa mayi, wina kuchokera kwa papa. Mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome m'magulu awiri a ma chromosomes ali ndi chromosome yowonjezera, choncho chodabwitsachi chimatchedwa trisomy. Chromosome iyi ingapezeke ku umuna ndi dzira panthawi ya umuna. Chotsatira chake, pogawanitsa oocyte ndi trisomy, selo iliyonse yotsatira imakhalanso ndi chromosome yowonjezera. Pafupifupi, ma chromosome 47 amapezeka mu selo iliyonse. Kukhalapo kwake kumakhudza chitukuko cha thupi lonse ndi thanzi la mwanayo.
Kawirikawiri, ana a Downa amabadwa, mpaka mapeto sakudziwika. Akatswiri amadziwa zinthu zingapo zomwe matendawa amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Zifukwa za kubadwa kwa mwana wa Down:
- Zaka za makolo. Okalamba makolo, amatha kukhala ndi mwana ndi Down syndrome. Amayi a zaka za 35, abambo - ochokera 45.
- Makhalidwe achibadwa a majini a makolo. Mwachitsanzo, mu maselo a makolo, ma chromosomes 45, i.e. 21 imagwirizanitsa kwa inayo ndipo sichikuwoneka.
- Maukwati ogwirizana kwambiri.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa asayansi achiyukireniya asonyeza kuti ntchito ya dzuwa ingakhudze maonekedwe a ziphuphu za jini. Zimatchulidwa kuti nthawi yomwe mayi ali ndi kachilombo ka Down syndrome amayamba ndi ntchito ya dzuwa. Mwina, sizowopsa kuti ana awa amatchedwa dzuwa. Komabe, pamene mfundozo zatha kale, sizilibe kanthu chifukwa chake mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down akubadwa. Muyenera kumvetsa kuti ndi munthu yemweyo. Ndipo anthu apamtima ayenera kumuthandiza kuti akhale wamkulu.
Kukula kwa Mwana ndi Down Syndrome
Inde, makolo omwe ali ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a Down sakhala ovuta. Mwamwayi, tsopano makolo ochepa amasiya ana awo. Ndipo, mosiyana, amavomereza izi, ndipo amachita zonse zomwe n'zotheka komanso zosatheka kuti munthu akhale wosangalala.
Mwana woteroyo amafunikira kuyang'anira zachipatala. Ndikofunika kudziwa ngati pali zovuta zowonongeka, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda. Madokotala akhoza kupereka mankhwala apadera omwe angachepetse zotsatira za matenda.
Makolo nthawi zambiri amasamala za ana angati omwe amakhala ku Downa. Pafupipafupi, nthawi yawo yokhala ndi moyo ndi zaka 50.
Mwana yemwe ali ndi Down syndrome amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kenako amayamba kugwira mutu (mwa miyezi itatu), khalani (chaka), yendani (mpaka zaka ziwiri). Koma mawuwa akhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati simukukoka ndikupempha thandizo kwa akatswiri.
Inde, m'dziko lathu tsopano kwa ana awa sizinalengedwe bwino. Kuwonjezera apo, tsankho la anthu limaletsa ana awo kuti asayende minda ndi sukulu. Komabe, m'mizinda yambiri muli zipangizo zothandizira anthu, zipani zamakono zisanasukulu.
Makolo a mwanayo ayenera kuyesetsa mwakhama kulankhulana bwino ndi ana, kupita ku phunziro limodzi ndi maholide, ndi zina zotero.
Monga lamulo, kwa ana oterewa pulogalamu ya maphunziro apangidwa, yomwe ikuphatikizapo:
- Zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikofunikira kupanga mapangidwe amagalimoto. Masewera olimbitsa thupi ayenera kuyambika ali aang'ono ndikuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pamene mwanayo akukula, zovuta zolimbitsa thupi zimasintha. - Kuchulukitsa ndi njira zabwino zothandizira ana. Amalimbikitsa kuti mwanayo azitha kusintha komanso kukula.
- Masewera ali ndi mwana: chala, chogwira ntchito. Masewera onse ndi ofunika kwambiri.
- Kuphunzira zilembo ndi zolemba.
- Kuwerenga ndi kuloweza pamtima ndakatulo, kuimba nyimbo, ndi zina.
Ntchito yaikulu ndikulingalira mwana kuti ali ndi matenda a Down kwa moyo wodziimira. Musati muzidzipatula pakati pa anthu, musabisike m'makoma anayi. Chikondi ndi chisamaliro zidzamuthandiza kuthana ndi mavuto onse ndikukhala moyo wathunthu.