COPD - ndi chiyani, nanga matenda opatsirana ammimba amatha bwanji, ndi momwe angakhalire moyo wabwino?

Anthu ambiri amaona kuti khansara yamapapo ndiyo nthendayi yowopsa kwambiri pa njira yopuma. Palinso matenda oopsa omwewo, osagwirizana ndi mapulogalamu enaake - COPD. Zimakhudza amayi ndi abambo, zimakula mofulumira, zimakhala zovuta kuchiza, zimayambitsa mavuto osasinthika ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kufa kwa munthu msanga.

COPD - ndi matenda otani?

Chidule ichi chimaimira matenda osokoneza bongo obstructive. Izi ndizidziwikiratu zokhazokha, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa mpweya mumlengalenga. Matenda oterewa sali ochiritsidwa, mankhwalawa amathandiza kokha kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa moyo, koma matendawa akupita patsogolo, ndipo chaka chilichonse zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu apume.

Chigawo cha COPD

Pali mitundu itatu ya kusiyana kwa matendawa. Yoyamba imatsimikizira kuti ndi chithandizo chotani chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - emphysema kapena bronchitis. Gawo lachiwiri likuchitika pa gawo la matenda (kukhululukidwa ndi kuwonjezereka). Chinthu chachitatu cha kukonzekera ndi kuopsa kwa COPD:

• kuwala;
• chiwerengero;
• cholemera;
• zolemera kwambiri.

Zotsatira za COPD

Mavuto omwe akufotokozedwa amachititsa chidwi ndi ziphuphu zamapapu ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mpweya ndi poizoni. Ziri zosavuta kukhala ndi matendawa, ngati mumamvetsetsa za COPD - chomwe chiri, momwe amachitira. Njira yotupa imayamba m'kati mwa bronchi. Chimake chimamasulidwa mu kuchulukitsitsa ndipo chimakhala chowopsa kwambiri. Kenaka, kachilomboka kamalumikizana, ndipo kutupa kumafalikira ku bronchi, alveoli ndi bronchioles, matenda a mapapo amayamba COPD.

Chifukwa chachikulu (pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya milandu) zoterezi ndi kusuta fodya, makamaka kwa nthawi yaitali. Zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa COPD ndi izi:

• cholengedwa chobadwa;
• kusuta fodya ( kusuta fodya );
• ntchito yamalonda;
• Mpweya woipa mumlengalenga kapena m'nyumba;
• Matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri ali mwana, makamaka ngati sakuchitidwa bwino.

COPD - zizindikiro

Chithunzi cha kuchipatala chimadalira pa siteji ya matenda. Kutalika kwakukulu, kulimbitsa zizindikiro za COPD. Matenda omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi zizindikiro zitatuzi:

• chifuwa;
• kupanga mphukira;
• kupuma pang'ono .

COPD - kuuma

Kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi spirometry, mwa kuchuluka kwa kukakamizika kutha mu mphindi imodzi (FEV1), mphamvu yofunikira ya mapapo (ZHEL) ndi kukhalapo kwa chithunzi chofotokozedwa pamwambapa. Zigawo za COPD zimadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

1. Zovuta - ntchito ya kupuma imakhala yoipitsitsa, koma zizindikiro za FEV1 ndi ZHEL zili pafupi. Kuwopsa ndi kusuta kwapopu sikulipo kapena kuli kofooka, kuchiritsidwa bwino.
2. Avereji - kuwonongeka kwabwino kwa ntchito ya kupuma, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira za spirometry (FEV1 zosachepera 80% za chizoloŵezi, chiŵerengero chake kwa GEL chiri pansi pa 70% ya zoyenera). Nthawi zina pamakhala chifuwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa sputum ndi dyspnea.
3. Kuwopsa - kuwonongeka kwakukulu mu ntchito yopuma, FEV1 zosachepera 50% za mlingo woyenera. Pali mitundu itatu ya zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuchiza.
4. Zovuta kwambiri - zomwe zimaonetsa kupuma kwapuma kumawonjezeka. Zizindikiro zonse za matenda ndizochitika pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

Kokani ndi COPD

Chizindikiro choyambirira cha kusokonezeka kwa pandege, koma odwala nthawi zambiri samamvetsera. Kunyalanyaza chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwadzidzidzi kwa COPD - chomwe chiri, momwe amachitira ndi kuwonetseredwa. Pamene kusuta chifuwa kukuyembekezeredwa kuti "mbali yotsatira", kotero mafanizidwe a fodya sakugwirizana nawo. Kumayambiriro, chizindikiro ichi chimapezeka pang'onopang'ono. Pamene matendawa amakula, kukhwima kumakhala kobwerezabwereza mpaka kuwukira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ngati chiwerengero cha matendawa ndi chofewa, mapulogalamu a COPD amapangidwa pang'ono. Ndiwotchedwa, mucous ndipo ndi ovuta kufotokozera, osuta fodya ali ndi fungo losasangalatsa. Pazigawo zovuta kwambiri za COPD chizindikiro choterocho chikuwonjezeka ndipo sachitidwa bwino. Mphungu imadulidwa mochulukira ndipo nthawi zonse imakokera. Odwala ena ali ndi pus, izi zikusonyeza kuti matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri. Kuchokera kwina kumbali, ntchentche imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Dyspnoea ndi COPD

Chizindikiro cha matendawa sichikutanthauza zizindikiro zoyambirira za kutsekeka. Dyspnea imapezeka pafupifupi zaka 10 chiyambireni chifuwa. Choyamba, zikuwonedwa kokha ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa COPD - kuwonjezereka, makamaka ndi matenda opatsirana, kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu mu ntchito yopuma. Pamapeto pake dyspnea imawonekera nthawi zonse, zovuta kuchiritsidwa. Sankhani madigiri angapo a chizindikirochi kumadalira pafupipafupi zochitika:

• 0 - pokhapokha pamsana pa zolemetsa zakuthupi;
• 1 - ndi kuyenda mofulumira ndi kukweza mmwamba;
• 2 - ngakhale ndi sitepe yofulumira pang'ono;
• 3 - zovuta kupuma pamene mukuyenda, muyenera kusiya mamita 100;
• 4 - pochita khama pang'ono (kudzibisa, kusamba mumsamba).

Kuzindikira kwa COPD

Dokotala wodziwa zachipatala akhoza kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa matendawa. Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa matendawa a COPD ndi mphumu yakufa. Izi zimakhala ndi chithunzi chomwecho, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko. Kuzindikira bwino kumathandiza kumvetsa bwino COPD - chomwe chiri, momwe amachitira, chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika. Pofuna kutsimikizira nthendayi, ma laboratory otsatirawa, maphunziro apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• kusanthula kamadzi;
• spirometry ;
• kutsimikiza ntchito ya kupuma kunja;
• mpweya;
• pneumotachography;
• makina;
• mafilimu ;
• pikfluometriya;
• zojambula.

COPD - mankhwala

Gawo lofunika pa chithandizo cha matendawa likuchepetseratu kupititsa patsogolo kwake ndikuletsa kubwerera. Asanayambe kuchiza mankhwala a COPD, wodwala wa pulmonologist ayenera kukana za fodya, kuchepetsa mphamvu ya akatswiri pa njira ya kupuma. Njirayi idzakuthandizani kuchepetsa kupsa mtima kwa mazira a bronchi ndi mapapu, izi zidzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito yopuma.

COPD - mankhwala, mankhwala

Thandizo la Conservative limasankhidwa payekha, malinga ndi siteji ya matenda, kukula kwa zizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta. Poyamba, dokotala ayenera kufotokozera kwa wodwala zifukwa zazikulu za kulimbana ndi COPD - chomwe chiri, momwe amachitira, chomwe chiyenera kusiya. Kuchotseratu chisokonezo sikungatheke, koma kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa zizindikiro zake ndi kusintha khalidwe la moyo weniweni. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mu COPD:

1. Mucolytics. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuchepetsa ntchentche ndikusintha kuchotsa ku bronchi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwirizanitsa kachilombo ka bakiteriya. COPD imachiritsidwa mwachindunji ndi osadziwika. Mankhwala a gulu loyambalo (Trypsin, Chymotrypsin) amagwirizana ndi sputum atatulutsidwa kale, kuchepetsa ntchentche ndi kufulumizitsa kutuluka kwake. Mitundu yachiwiri ya mucolytics (Bromhexin, Ambroxol) imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa kutsekemera kwa mpweya. Palinso mankhwala ophatikizana omwe amagwirizanitsa zonsezi.
2. Bronchodilators (bronchodilators). Mankhwala oterewa amachititsa kuti mitsempha yokhotakhota ikhale yosalala, yomwe imathandizira kuchepetsa matendawa. Mankhwalawa akuphatikizapo Formoterol, Atrovent, Salmeterol, Spiriva ndi ena.
3. Maantibayotiki. Powonjezereka kwa COPD, ntchentche imasonkhanitsa m'mapapu ndi bronchi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo. Pofuna kupewa mavutowa, perekani mankhwala enaake oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (cephalosporins) (2th generation), penicillins, clavulanic acid kukonzekera.
4. Glucocorticosteroids. Kuyambiranso bwino nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi ndondomeko yotupa. Amathandizidwa ndi mahomoni, makamaka Prednisolone ndi ziganizo zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Zosokoneza zowonongeka ndi omvera. Magulu ambiri a glucocorticosteroids ali ndi zotsatira zoyipa, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osafunikira. Kuti muwagwiritse ntchito, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Mverani, Fenspiride.

Kufufuzira mu COPD

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuperekedwa kwadzidzidzi kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala opweteketsa matendawa kumathandiza kuti athetse vutoli. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a COPD amachitidwa makamaka mwa mawonekedwe a inhalation. Glucocorticosteroids ndi mankhwala ogwira mtima kwambiri a bronchodilator amapezeka ngati mawonekedwe a spray. Mankhwala oterewa angapangidwe kokha ndi pulmonologist. Mitundu ina ya inhalation, kuphatikizapo nyumba yogwiritsira ntchito, siidzalangizidwa popanda kuyankhulana ndi dokotala.

Zochita zapuma ndi COPD

Kuchita masewera apadera ndi kofunika kuti:

• kusintha kwa mpweya;
• kuthetsa zizindikiro za kupuma kulephera;
• kupewa kupezeka kwachinyengo;
• kulimbikitsa minofu yopuma;
• kuthetsa kuperewera kozungulira m'mapapo.

Zojambulajambula mu COPD:

1. Malo oyambira - atakhala pa mpando, akukakamiza msana wake kumbuyo kwake. Pangani mpweya pang'ono mu mphuno, yambani mwakachetechete kudzera m'milomo yopanikizika.
2. Zinthu zofanana. Mosiyana mwakweza manja anu kuti muwadule ndi kuwatsitsa pamene mukuwotha.
3. Ufulu komanso pang'onopang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito mphindi zitatu. Sungani bwino.
4. Kukhala pampando wa mpando, kutsitsa manja kumbali ya thunthu, kumangoyenda pang'ono. Pewani pang'onopang'ono ndikuwongolera mapewa, exhale, kubwerera ku malo oyamba.

Pali zina zomwe mungachite pa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi mu COPD:

• ndi Strelnikova;
• ndi;
• Tolkachev;
• pa Neumyvakin.

COPD - mankhwala ndi mankhwala ochiritsira

Mankhwala ovomerezeka amakayikira njira imeneyi. Kuganizira zonse zomwe zilipo pa COPD - ndi chiyani, momwe zimachitiridwa ndi zovuta, zikupita patsogolo, njira ya anthu ndizovuta. Ma pulmonologists ena amalola odwala awo kugwiritsa ntchito maphikidwe ena, koma atangokambirana nthawi zonse. Sikoyenera nthawizonse kugwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe si zachikhalidwe, ngati matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda obwera m'mimba amatha kuwonjezereka, mankhwala ochiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira akhoza kukhumudwitsa makoma apansi ndi kutupa.

Chotsani chithandizo cha zizindikiro

Zosakaniza :

• Icelandic moss - 20-25 g;
• madzi - lita imodzi.

Kukonzekera, ntchito

1. Thirani zipangizo ndi madzi otentha.
2. Bweretsani kwa chithupsa pa moto wochepa, chotsani chotsulo cha hotplate.
3. Kuumirira njira 30 minutes.
4. Sungani yankho.
5. Imwani gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mankhwala ovomerezeka musanadye chakudya, katatu patsiku.

Kulowetsedwa pofuna kupewa kubwereranso

Zosakaniza :

• chamomile maluwa - 100 g;
• Flaxseed - 50 g;
• lime maluwa - 100 g;
• eukalyti - 100 g;
• madzi 250 ml.

Kukonzekera, ntchito

1. Sakanizani zitsamba.
2. Thirani magawo awiri a supuni ndi madzi otentha.
3. Pambuyo pa mphindi makumi anayi mankhwalawa amatha.
4. Imwani 100 ml ya mankhwala 2 patsiku pokha pokhapokha mukakhululukidwa.

Zovuta za COPD

Matendawa ndi osachiritsika, mankhwala amathandiza kuti asiye ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro zake. Posakhalitsa pali zotsatira zoipa ngati munthu sakudziwa kanthu za COPD - chomwe chiri, momwe amachitira bwino. Popanda mankhwala odwala amayamba kukula mofulumira ndipo amachititsa kusintha kosasinthika mu njira yopuma. Matenda owopsa olepheretsa matendawa - mavuto:

• kachiwiri polycythemia ;
• chibayo;
• mtima wokhutira, kuperewera kwakukulu ndikumapuma;
• pneumomediastinum;
• mtima wamapulmonari ;
• pneumothorax pang'onopang'ono ndi ena.

COPD - nthawi ya moyo

Zolemba zomwe zimafotokozedwa zimakula mofulumira, motero nthawi yowonjezereka imakhala yosavomerezeka. Pozindikira kuti COPD 3 madigiri kapena apamwamba, wodwalayo safa kawirikawiri kwa zaka zoposa zisanu, makamaka ngati ali ndi mavuto ndi dongosolo la kupuma, munthu wopitirira zaka 40 kapena zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kubwereza sizichotsedwa. Pazigawo zoyambirira za matenda, malingaliro ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino. Pochiritsidwa bwino, odwala ambiri am'chipatala amakhala okondwa kukumana ndi ukalamba, koma umoyo wawo umasokonekera nthawi zonse.

Kupewa COPD

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kutayidwa, kuti asakhale ndi matenda obisala, izi zimasuta. Simungapume fodya kapena fodya wa wina. Njira zowonjezera zomwe zikuphatikizapo kuwuza anthu za COPD - zomwe ziri, momwe zimathandizira ndi kutetezedwa, zomwe zimadzaza ndi matendawa. Njira zina zothandizira:

• chithandizo cham'tsogolo pamakhwala odwala, matenda;
• kuchotsedwa kwa COPD;
• gulu la mpweya wabwino m'nyumba zogona, kuyeretsa mpweya;
• kulimbitsa chitetezo komanso thupi lonse.