Astigmatism ndi imodzi mwa matenda ovuta kwambiri pakukonza zofooka za masomphenya, ndipo panthawi yomweyi ndi yofala kwambiri pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana.
Astigmatism ikhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi myopia ndi hyperopia, ndipo zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimakonzedwanso mothandizidwa ndi magalasi apaderadera, omwe amachititsa kuti ziwonetsero zisawonongeke.
Ngati mutanthauzira tanthauzo la mawu akuti "astigmatism" kuchokera m'Chilatini, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa tanthauzo la kusowa kwa malo oyamba. Chifukwa cha zolakwika za cornea kapena lens, kuthamanga kwawo kumasokonezeka, ndipo chithunzichi chimayesedwa ngati chosokonezedwa.
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti astigmatism sizingakhale zosavuta kutenga, chifukwa munthu sangathe kuwona zinthu ziwiri zoyandikana ndi zakutali, ndipo zimakhala kuti pazifukwa ziwirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Masiku ano pali zotchedwa mapulogalamu opangira magalasi, omwe amaphatikizapo ntchito ziwiri - kukonzekera masomphenya kwa myopia komanso kuwona bwino.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji magalasi ndi astigmatism?
Kwa nthawi yoyamba lingaliro lophatikiza mitundu iwiri ya malonda anabwera kwa Benjamin Franklin, yemwe anali atatopa ndi kusintha magalasi awiri a magalasi. Mu 1780 anatenga makilogalamu awiri osiyana kutali ndi pafupi, adawadula ndikuwaika mu chimango. Malo apamwamba anali ndi lens kuti ayang'ane kutali, ndi kuchokera pansi pa myopia . Iyi inali sitepe yatsopano pa zamatsenga - tsopano anthu ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa magalasi amodzi kuthetsa mavuto awiri kamodzi. Inde, kuyambira mu 1780 zinthu zasintha pang'ono, ndipo magalasi apindula, koma lingaliro la Benjamini lidalibe malo otsogolera popanga tizilombo.
Kusankhidwa kwa magalasi ndi machitidwe osagwira ntchito sikophweka, kuti zithetsedwe bwino zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa:
- zaka za wodwala;
- mlingo wa astigmatism;
- munthu amatha kuona malisensi ndi kukonza madigiri osiyanasiyana.
Panthawiyi, madokotala anapeza kuti odwala omwe amavutika ndi astigmatism amatha kupirira zodzikongoletsa malonda - ali ndi kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, ndi ululu m'maso. Okalamba wodwala, makamaka magalasi omwe amachititsa kuti asagwiritsidwe bwino.
Choncho, pachiyambi wodwala amapatsidwa kuvala magalasi omwe samasintha bwinobwino masomphenyawo, ndipo patatha miyezi yowerengeka amasonyeza kuti amavala "lenses" zomwe zimapereka mphoto kwa 100%.
Ndi "magalasi ovuta ndi astigmatism," madokotala amamvetsetsa mapulogalamu okhala ndi mpanda wosaphimbidwa. Popeza kuti cornea ndi lens sizowonongeka mu matendawa, kuti muwonetsetse momwe chiwonetserochi chikuyendera, muyenera kupanga lens lapadera lomwe lidzathetse vutoli. Ndi diso losavuta, disolo liri ngati ovunda, osati mpata -
Kukonzekera kwa astigmatism yosavuta
Pulogalamu yamakono imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukonzanso ziwalo zosavuta, zomwe zimangosokoneza kokha meridian, ndipo malingana ndi izi, zimatha kusonkhanitsa kapena kufalitsa. Lenti yamakina siyiyonse yofanana ndi yalavini yowonongeka, chifukwa sichitsutsa kuwala komwe kumagwirizana ndi mzere wake. Ndicho, mazira okha omwe amagwera pang'onopang'ono kwa axis amatsutsidwa.
Kukonzekera kwa astigmatism yovuta
Ndi maantimatism osakanikirana kapena ovuta, amagwiritsa ntchito lens lamoto, momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito magalasi ozungulira ndi ozungulira. Pachifukwa ichi, njira iliyonse yotsutsa (ndi yosiyana) ili yotsimikizirika.