Kuyesedwa kwachilengedwe. Njira yonse ya njira ya E. Torrens ndi 12 kugonjetsa, kuphatikizapo mabatire atatu. Choyamba ndi cholinga chodziwidwa ndi malingaliro opanga mawu, chachiwiri ndi kuganiza kosalankhula mawu (kuganiza zojambula zooneka) ndi lachitatu kuti aganizire molankhulidwe. Gawo lachilendoli, lomwe limatchedwa "Figural mitundu ya kuganiza kwa Torrens" (mawonekedwe a Figural), adasinthidwa ku Institute of General and Pedagogical Psychology ya APN mu 1990 pa chitsanzo cha ana a sukulu.
Mndandanda wa mayesero a Torrens ndi zithunzi zojambula ndi zinthu zina (mzere), zomwe zomwezo zikufunika kujambula chithunzi kwa fano lina lothandiza. Muyeso ili, zithunzi 6 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zosankhidwa kuchokera 10 zoyambirira. Malingana ndi A.N. Voronin, zithunzi izi sizingasinthidwe zomwe zimayambitsidwa komanso zimapereka zotsatira zodalirika.
Zowonongeka zosiyana siyana za njirayi zimaloleza kulingalira zizindikiro ziwiri za chilengedwe monga:
- chiyambi;
- wapadera.
Zisonyezero za "kutengeka" kwa ntchito, "kusinthasintha", "zovuta" za chifanizirocho, zikupezeka pa "Kukwaniritsidwa kwa zithunzi" Torrance, pamasinthidwe awa sakugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pakusintha njirayi, zikhalidwe ndi ma atlas a zojambula zojambula kwa oyang'anira achinyamata anazilemba, kuloledwa kulingalira kukula kwa chilengedwe mu gulu lino.
Chiyesochi chikhoza kuchitika m'mawonekedwe onse ndi magulu.
Mbali za njira yoyezetsa
Pomwe mukuyezetsa mayeso, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti chilengedwe chimadziwonetsera mokwanira pokhapokha pazikhalidwe zabwino. Mavuto osagwirizana ndi machitidwe, zovuta zochitika, kusagwirizana kwenikweni kwa mayesero. Chofunikira ichi ndichizoloŵezi poyesera mtundu uliwonse wazinthu zogwiritsa ntchito, kotero kuti asayese kuyesa kulenga, nthawi zonse amayesera kupanga malo abwino, kuchepetseratu zolinga zofikira ndi kuyang'ana oyesa kuti ziwonetsedwe za mphamvu zawo zobisika. Ndi bwino kupeŵa kukambirana momasuka za momwe phunziroli likuyendera, ndiko kuti, simukuyenera kunena kuti luso lachilengedwe limayesedwa (makamaka kulingalira kwa kuganiza). Chiyesochi chikhoza kuperekedwa monga njira ya "kuyambira", mwayi wofotokozera malonda osadziwika, ndi zina zotero. Nthawi yoyezetsa siyikwanitsa, ndikugawira chithunzi chilichonse pamphindi 1-2. Panthawi imodzimodziyo nkofunika kulimbikitsa kuyesedwa, ngati akuganiza za izo kwa nthawi yayitali kapena nthawi yayitali.
Malangizo
"Pambuyo panu mulibe kanthu kopanda zithunzi 6 zosayimilika. Muyenera kuwatsiriza. Inu mukhoza kutsiriza chirichonse ndi chirichonse. Pambuyo pa kujambula kwathunthu, muyenera kuupatsa dzina ndikulilemba mu mzere uli pansipa. "
Kutsitsimula zakuthupi
Kutanthauzira
Mu kuyesa koyambirira kwa Torrance, zizindikiro zingapo za chilengedwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chofunika kwambiri mwazo ndizoyambirira, kufalikira kwa fano lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zithunzi za maphunziro ena. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kuyambira kumamveka ngati zowerengeka zosawerengeka za yankho. Izi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa, komatu, kuti palibe zithunzi ziwiri zofanana, ndipo, motero, wina ayenera kunena za chiwerengero cha (kapena gulu) la ziwerengero. Mu chigawo chakutanthauzira, mafanizo osiyanasiyana ndi maina awo ochiritsira, omwe akuperekedwa ndi wolemba wa kusintha, akufotokozedwa, omwe amasonyeza khalidwe lofunikira la fanolo. Ndikofunika kuti maina ovomerezeka a zojambulazo, monga lamulo, asagwirizane ndi mayina a zojambula zoperekedwa ndizokhakha. Mu izi, mu A.N. Voronina, kusiyana pakati pa mawu osalankhula ndi osalankhula ndiwonekera bwino. Popeza kuti mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira kuti sizimveka bwino, maina a zithunzi omwe amaperekedwa ndizokhazikika kuchokera pa kufufuza kumeneku amachotsedwa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chothandizira kumvetsetsa chomwe chili chithunzichi.
Chizindikiro "choyambirira" cha chiwerengerochi chimawerengedwa kuchokera ku deta yake ndipo chikuwerengedwa ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:
kumene kapena_kuchokera kwa mtundu uwu; x - chiwerengero cha zithunzi za mtundu wina; Xmax ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha machitidwe mu mtundu pakati pa mitundu yonse ya zojambula zachitsanzo choperekedwa cha nkhani.
Mndandanda wa chiyambi cha Torrance unawerengedwa kuti ndizoyambira pazithunzi zonse. Ngati chiyambi cha chiwerengerochi chinali 1.00, ndiye chithunzi ichi chinadziwika kuti ndi chapadera. Kuonjezerapo, mndandanda wapaderawo unalembedwa, monga chiwerengero cha zithunzi za phunziro lapadera.
Pogwiritsa ntchito "chiyambi" muyeso yonse ya Torrance, "kutanthauzira" kwa ntchitoyi, kumatanthauzidwa ngati chiwerengero cha zojambula kupatula kubwereza (popanda kusintha kwakukulu) ndi zosayenera. Mwasafunika ife timatanthauza zojambula zomwe siziphatikizapo mizere ya zokopa kapena si mbali ya chithunzithunzi. Mukasinthira njirayi, chizindikiro ichi sichinali chodziwitsa kwambiri. Pamaso pa zojambula zosayenera, monga lamulo, panali njira yosinthira kuchoka ku zojambula zomwe sizinali zoyambirira ndizopadera, ndiko kuti, kudali kochitika mosalekeza panthawi ya kusintha kwa njira zowonetsera. Kawirikawiri (1-2 milandu) panali kusamvetsetsa kwa malangizo. Pazochitika zonsezi, ndondomeko yoyenera yowerengera chiwerengero cha mayeso sagwiranso ntchito ndipo kuyesanso kuyesedwa kumafunika kudziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Chizindikiro chotero monga "kusinthasintha" chimagwira ntchito mokwanira mu "Parallel Lines" subtest, kumene mukufunikira kujambulitsa mapaundi khumi ndi awiri ofanana ndi chithunzi chogwirizana. "Kusinthasintha" pa nkhaniyi kumatanthauza kukhalapo kwa mafano osiyanasiyana pa mizere iwiri ndi kusintha kwa kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wina wa chithunzi kupita ku wina. Pankhani ya zinthu zolimbikitsa zofunikirako zojambula, chizindikiro choterocho sichimveka bwino, ndipo pamene chikutchulidwa kuti "chiwerengero cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafano", sichinthu chodziwikiratu kuchokera pachiyambi. Chizindikiro cha "zovuta" za chifanizirocho, kumveka ngati "kukongola kwa kujambula, chiwerengero cha zowonjezeredwa pa chithunzi chachikulu, ndi zina zotero," chimakhala ndi zochitika zina "zooneka" za mutuwo ndi makhalidwe ena (monga, khunyu, chiwonetsero) kusiyana ndi makhalidwe a chilengedwe. Muyeso ili, "kutengeka" kwa ntchito, "kusinthasintha", "zovuta" za chithunzi sichigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kutanthauzira kwa zotsatira za mayesero pamayesero ameneŵa kumadalira kwambiri za zitsanzo zachitsanzo, motero, zifukwa zokwanira ndi zowona zokhudzana ndi munthu zikhoza kupezeka pokhapokha ngati zili zogwirizana ndi izi. Pachifukwa ichi, zikhalidwe ndi ma atlas a zojambula za oyang'anira achinyamata zimaperekedwa, ndipo motero ndizotheka kulingalira bwino kuti osalankhula ndi anthu omwe ali ndi izi kapena zofanana. Ngati zitsanzozo n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zikufunidwa, ndiye kofunikira kufufuza zotsatira za zatsopano zatsopano ndikukhalanso zokhudzana ndi anthu.
Kuti muwone zotsatira za anthu oyezetsa okhudzana ndi otsogolera kapena ofanana nawo, zotsatirazi zikutsatiridwa.
Ndikofunika kufanizitsa zomwe zatsimikiziridwa ndizo zomwe zilipo pa atlasi ndikupeza mtundu wofanana, perekani chiyambi chomwe chikuwonetsedwera ma atlasi ku chiwerengerochi. Ngati mu ma atlas mulibe zojambula zotero, ndiye kuti chiyambi cha chithunzichi chatsopano ndi 1.00. Mndandanda wa chiyambi umayesedwa ngati chiwerengero cha masamu pamasamba onse.
Lembani chithunzi choyamba chikhale chimodzimodzi ndi chithunzi cha 1.5 cha atlas. Chiyambi chake ndi 0.74. Chithunzi chachiwiri chikufanana ndi chithunzi 2.1. Chiyambi chake ndi 0.00. Chojambula chachitatu sichifanana ndi chirichonse, koma zinthu zomwe poyamba zinkapangidwa zojambula sizinaphatikizidwe mu chojambula. Izi zikutanthawuzidwa ngati kuchoka kwa ntchitoyo ndipo chiyambi cha chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeredwa pa 0.00. Chiwerengero chachinayi chikusowa. Chiwerengero chachisanu chikudziwika kuti ndi chapadera (palibe kanthu pa ma atlas sichimodzimodzi). Poyamba - 1,00. Chithunzi chachisanu ndi chimodzi chinali chofanana ndi chithunzi cha 6.3 ndi chiyambi cha 0.67. Choncho, chiwerengero chonse cha pulogalamuyi ndi 2.41 / 5 = 0.48.
Pofufuza momwe chiyambichi chikuyambira, chiyenera kuganiziridwa kuti nthawi zina zithunzi "zofanana" zikuwonekera poyankhidwa ndi zolimbikitsa zomwe zimawathandiza. Kotero, pa chithunzichi, chithunzi chojambula kwambiri chimatchedwa "mtambo". Chithunzi chomwecho chikhoza kuwoneka poyang'ana zolimbikitsa zomwe zili pa chithunzi cha 2 kapena 3. Mu ma atlas paliponse zomwe zimachitika mobwerezabwereza sizinaperekedwe ndipo chiyambi cha chiwerengerochi chiyenera kuyesedwa molingana ndi mafano omwe alipo kwa mafano ena. Kwa ife, chiyambi cha "mtambo" chitsanzo, chomwe chinawonekera pa chithunzi chachiwiri, chimawerengedwa pa 0.00 points.
Mndandanda wa zosiyana (chiwerengero cha zithunzi zapadera) za ndondomekoyi ndi 1. Kugwiritsira ntchito pepala ya percentile yokonzedwa pa ziwerengero ziwirizi, ndizotheka kudziwa malo a munthuyu potsata zitsanzo zomwe mwasankhazo ndikutsatira zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa mawu ake osalankhula.
Zotsatira za protocol yowonetsa pamwambayi zikuwonetsa kuti munthu uyu ali pamalire a 80%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu mu chitsanzochi, osalankhula mawu (molingana ndi chiyambi chenicheni) anali apamwamba kuposa ake. Komabe, mndandanda wa wapadera ndi wapamwamba ndipo 20% okha ali ndi ndondomeko yapamwamba. Pofuna kuwonetsera kulenga kotero, mndandanda wodabwitsa ndi wofunika kwambiri, kusonyeza momwe munthu watsopano angakhalire, koma mphamvu yosiyana ya zolembazo ndizochepa ndipo chotero chiyambicho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo chothandizira.
Percentile scale
- Peresenti ya anthu omwe zotsatira zake zimaposa payiyiyiyi
- chiwerengero cha ndondomeko yoyambirira
- mtengo wapadera wa ndondomeko
| 1 | 0% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% | 100% |
| 2 | 0.95 | 0.76 | 0.67 | 0.58 | 0.48 | 0.00 |
| 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.00 | 0.00 |